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Human Rights Abuses Of The Military Dictatorship In Brazil (1964-1985)
The systemic human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) included extrajudicial killings, forced disappearances, torture, arbitrary detention, and severe restrictions on freedom of speech. Human Rights Watch has described the human rights abuses of the Military dictatorship in Brazil as crimes against humanity. Institutional Act 5 of December 13, 1968, which suspended habeas corpus and constitutional protections and led to the institutionalization of torture as a tool by the state, brought on the worst period of state violence and repression. As James Petras argues, the military dictatorship's institutionalization of violence and systemic use of terror were fundamental to its short-lived "economic miracle."' Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances The National Truth Commission recognized 434 political killings and forced disappearances between 1946 and 1988, most of which occurred during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). Torture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extrajudicial Killing
An extrajudicial killing (also known as extrajudicial execution or extralegal killing) is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding. It typically refers to government authorities, whether lawfully or unlawfully, targeting specific people for death, which in authoritarian regimes often involves political, trade union, dissident, religious and social figures. The term is typically used in situations that imply the human rights of the victims have been violated; deaths caused by legitimate warfighting or police actions are generally not included, even though military and police forces are often used for killings seen by critics as illegitimate. The label "extrajudicial killing" has also been applied to organized, lethal enforcement of extralegal social norms by non-government actors, including lynchings and honor killings. United Nations Morris Tidball-Binz was appointed the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of People Killed By And Disappeared During The Brazilian Military Dictatorship
This is a list of the killed and politically disappeared people during the Brazilian military dictatorship. It brings together the political dead and disappeared in the Brazilian military dictatorship of 1964. The murders and disappearances of opponents of the military regime in Brazil were investigated by the National Truth Commission In Brazil, the National Truth Commission ( pt, Comissão Nacional da Verdade) investigated human rights violations of the period of 1946–1988 - in particular by the authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from April 1, 1964 t ... (CNV), by state truth commissions, by human rights entities and by victims' own relatives. In these various investigations, there is a discrepancy in the numbers of deaths and missing persons computed. The CNV, in its final report, recognized 434 political deaths and disappearances between 1946 and 1988, of which the majority occurred during the dictatorship. Included in the list are cases found by: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Bag
A body bag, also known as a cadaver pouch or human remains pouch (HRP), is a non-porous bag designed to contain a human body, used for the storage and transportation of shrouded corpses. History In the United States, the apparent first documented bag for the purpose of transporting bodies was patented under the name “Improvement in Receptacles for Dead Bodies.” The patent was filed during the Civil War by Dr. Thomas Holmes, United States Patent No. 39, 291. The purpose of the bag, as stated in the patent application dated July 21, 1863 was, “…to facilitate the carrying of badly-wounded dead bodies hurriedly away that could not otherwise be quickly removed for the want of proper conveyances, or difficulty to procure boxes or coffins for removing the dead, as the boxes or coffins cannot be so easily transported or handled on the field of battle.” He said that he'd "invented a new and useful Elastic and Deodorizing Receptacle." Uses Body bags can also be used for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luiza Erundina
Luiza Erundina de Sousa (; November 30, 1934) is a Brazilian politician, born in Uiraúna, a small city in the interior of the Brazilian state of Paraíba. Political history From 1980 to 1997 she was affiliated with the PT party (Workers’ Party). In 1997 she changed to the PSB party. Due to disagreements within PSB that decided to support the impeachment process against president Dilma Rousseff, Erundina switched to party PSOL in March 2016. Erundina served on the São Paulo city council from 1983–1987. From 1987–1988 she was a state deputy for the state of São Paulo. She was São Paulo's mayor from 1989 to 1992, and is currently a federal deputy from São Paulo. She was re-elected in 2002 and again in 2006, in 2010, in 2014 and in 2018. In the 2020 São Paulo mayoral election, Erundina ran as the vice mayoral candidate of Guilherme Boulos, also of PSOL. Education Erundina was born to a very poor family. Notwithstanding the obstacles, she managed to pursue a Bac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial. The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact definition is not unanimously agreed upon. Mass graves are usually created after many people die or are killed, and there is a desire to bury the corpses quickly for sanitation concerns. Although mass graves can be used during major conflicts such as war and crime, in modern times they may be used after a famine, epidemic, or natural disaster. In disasters, mass graves are used for infection and disease control. In such cases, there is often a breakdown of the social infrastructure that would enable proper identification and disposal of individual bodies. History Mass or communal burial was a common practice before the development of a dependable crematory chamber by Ludovico Brunetti in 1873. In ancient Rome waste and dead bodies of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemitério De Perus
Cemitério de Perus (officially ''Cemitério Dom Bosco''), currently renamed Colina dos Mártires (Hill of Martyrs), is a cemetery located in the northern part of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, on the edge of the homonymous subprefecture, near the border with the city of Caieiras. Created in 1971 by the mayor Paulo Maluf, it is about 254 thousand square meters in length., The cemetery is known for burying poor people, for its location and price; it was built to bury the bodies of homeless and unidentified people, currently burying 12 people a day on average. It has forty five thousand graves and has over one hundred and fifty thousand burials in all its length. It also has space for wakes with six rooms and parking, has an ecumenical chapel During the period of the military dictatorship (1964-1985), the cemetery was used for the burial of people killed by the regime's security forces. Remains of 1,049 disappeared people were thrown into the cemetery's clandestine mass grave. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telenovela
A telenovela is a type of a television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America. The word combines ''tele'' (for "television") and ''novela'' (meaning "novel"). Similar drama genres around the world include '' teleserye'' (Philippines), '' téléroman'' (Canada, specifically Quebec), and ''sinetron'' (Indonesia). Commonly described using the American colloquialism Spanish soap opera, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world. The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs. This makes them shorter than most other television series, but still much longer than a miniseries. This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera. Episodes of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zuenir Ventura
Zuenir Carlos Ventura (born June 1, 1931, in Além Paraíba, Minas Gerais) is a Brazilian journalist and writer. He is a columnist for the newspaper ''O Globo'', and for '' Época'' magazine. He won the Jabuti Prize in 1995 in the "reportage" category for the book ''Cidade Partida''. In 2009, his book ''1968 - O que Fizemos de Nós'' won the third place at the same category of the prize. In 1989, he and his team of journalists from '' Jornal do Brasil'' won the Esso Journalism Award for their reportage on Chico Mendes' murder investigation. Zuenir was born in Minas Gerais and moved to during his youth. He had to work in order to pay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Convention On Human Rights
The American Convention on Human Rights, also known as the Pact of San José, is an international human rights instrument. It was adopted by many countries in the Western Hemisphere in San José, Costa Rica, on 22 November 1969. It came into force after the eleventh instrument of ratification (that of Grenada) was deposited on 18 July 1978. The bodies responsible for overseeing compliance with the Convention are the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, both of which are organs of the Organization of American States (OAS). Content and purpose According to its preamble, the purpose of the Convention is "to consolidate in this hemisphere, within the framework of democratic institutions, a system of personal liberty and social justice based on respect for the essential rights of man." Chapter I establishes the general obligation of the states parties to uphold the rights set forth in the Convention to all persons under their jurisd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Brazil
The Communist Party of Brazil ( pt-BR, Partido Comunista do Brasil, PCdoB) is a political party in Brazil. The PCdoB officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist theory. It has national reach and deep penetration in the trade union and student movements, but little representation in elected positions. PCdoB shares the disputed title of "oldest political party in Brazil" with the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). The predecessor of both parties was the Brazilian Section of the Communist International, founded on 25 March 1922. The current PCdoB was launched on 18 February 1962, in the aftermath of the Sino-Soviet split. Outlawed after the 1964 coup d'état, PCdoB supported the armed struggle against the regime before its legalization in 1988. Its most famous action in the period was the Araguaia guerrilla (1966–1974). Since 1989, PCdoB has been allied to the Workers' Party (PT) at the federal level, and, as such, it participated in the Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AI-5 Fl
The Ato Institucional Número Cinco – AI-5 ( en, Institutional Act Number Five) was the fifth of seventeen major decrees issued by the military dictatorship in the years following the 1964 coup d'état in Brazil. ''Institutional Acts'' were the highest form of legislation during the military regime, given that they overruled even the highly authoritarian Constitution, and were enforced without the possibility of judicial review. They were issued on behalf of the "Supreme Command of the Revolution" (the regime's leadership). AI-5, the most infamous of all Institutional Acts, was issued by dictator Artur da Costa e Silva, president at the time on December 13, 1968. It resulted in the forfeiture of mandates, interventions ordered by the President in municipalities and states and also in the suspension of any constitutional guarantees which eventually resulted in the institutionalization of the torture commonly used as a tool by the State. Written by then Minister of Justice, Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
