Hopium
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Hopium
Hopium is a French automobile brand created in 2019 by Olivier Lombard, a French racing driver. History Founded in 2019 by young French racing driver Olivier Lombard, the youngest winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the LMP2 category, Hopium aims to launch and assemble a hydrogen-powered automobile in France. On December 23, 2020, Hopium was listed on the Access compartment of Euronext Paris. In May 2021, the French equipment manufacturer Plastic Omnium announced a partnership with the automotive brand and would supply the hydrogen storage system for the Hopium Māchina. On June 17, 2021, the brand presented its first rolling prototype called Alpha 0 on the sidelines of the Viva Technology show in Paris. Hopium took advantage of this announcement to open its book of 1,000 numbered pre-orders at the reservation price of €410. On October 21, 2021, Hopium and Saint-Gobain Sekurit announced a partnership to co-develop the windows of the Māchina, the first model of the French ...
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2022 Paris Motor Show
The 2022 Paris Motor Show (in French ''Mondial de l'automobile de Paris'' or ''Mondial de l'Auto'') is an international auto show, which was held from October 18 to October 23, 2022, at the Paris Expo Porte de Versailles, in Paris, France. It is part of Paris Automotive Week, bringing together the Motor Show and the Equip Auto trade show. Presentation The 2022 show celebrates the 124th anniversary of the "International Automobile, Cycle and Sports Exhibition" born in Paris in 1898, and the 121st edition since its creation. The "2022 Paris Motor Show", the direct heir of this event, is the largest motor show in the world in terms of longevity and attendance, but also one of the rare motor shows to still exist today. The poster for this 2022 edition was unveiled in March of the same year. It includes bright colours which, according to the organization, represent “a wind of optimism, with a new vision of the automobile”. The slogan is "Revolution is on" ("la révolution est ...
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Jean-Baptiste Djebbari
Jean-Baptiste Djebbari (or Djebbari-Bonnet; born 26 February 1982) is a French aircraft pilot and politician of La République En Marche! (LREM). Djebarri was appointed as Secretary of State for Transport on 3 September 2019 under Prime Minister Édouard Philippe. His rank was elevated to Minister Delegate under the leadership of Ecology Minister Barbara Pompili on 6 June 2020, when newly-appointed Prime Minister Jean Castex presented his government. From 2017 until 2019, Djebbari was a member of the National Assembly, where he represented the 2nd constituency of the Haute-Vienne department. Early life and education Djebbari was born in Melun, Seine-et-Marne, the son of a father of Algerian origin and a housewife. He graduated from the École nationale de l'aviation civile in 2005, Technicien supérieur des études et de l'exploitation de l'aviation civile training course. Political career In parliament, Djebbari served as the LREM group's coordinator on the Committee on ...
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Olivier Lombard
Olivier Lombard (born 25 April 1991 in Poissy) is a French racing driver, racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Signatech-Nissan. Career After karting from 2004 to 2008, Olivier Lombard began racing cars in 2009 when he contested the Formula BMW Europe series. Driving for the EuroInternational team, he finished 16th overall and fourth best rookie, with a best result of fifth at the final race of the season at Monza. He also contested two rounds of the 2009 Formula BMW Americas season with EuroInternational, at Virginia and Road America. In 2010 Olivier Lombard switched to sportscars, contesting the final three rounds of the Le Mans Series in the Formula Le Mans category with Hope Polevision Racing. After the car failed to finish at his first race, he finished third in the FLM class at the Hungaroring and second at Silverstone. After contesting the 2011 12 Hours of Sebring and 2011 1000 km of Spa, 1000 km of Spa in the FLM car, he signed with Greaves Motorsport to ...
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Luxury Car
A luxury car is a car that provides increased levels of comfort, equipment, amenities, quality, performance, and associated status compared to moderately priced cars. The term is subjective and reflects both the qualities of the car and the brand image of its manufacturer. Luxury brands rank above ''premium brands'', though there is no fixed demarcation between the two. Traditionally, most luxury cars were large vehicles, though smaller sports-oriented models were always produced. "Compact" luxury vehicles such as hatchbacks, and off-road capable sport utility vehicles, are relatively modern trends. Classification standards Several car classification schemes include a luxury category, such as: * Australia: Since the year 2000, the Federal Government's luxury car tax applies to new vehicles over a certain purchase price, with higher thresholds applying for cars considered as fuel efficient. As of 2019, the thresholds were approximately AU$66,000 (US$,000) for normal cars ...
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French Brands
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French ...
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Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Of France
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power generation), heat energy (e.g. geothermal), chemical energy, electric potential and nuclear energy (from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion). Many of these processes generate heat as an intermediate energy form, so heat engines have special importance. Some natural processes, such as atmospheric convection cells convert environmental heat into motion (e.g. in the form of rising air currents). Mechanical energy is of particular importance in transportation, but also plays a role in many industrial processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, and mixing. Mechanical heat engines convert heat into work via various thermodynamic processes. The internal combustion engine is perhaps the most common example of a mechanical heat engine, in which he ...
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Bar (unit)
The bar is a metric unit of pressure, but not part of the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as exactly equal to 100,000  Pa (100 kPa), or slightly less than the current average atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level (approximately 1.013 bar). By the barometric formula, 1 bar is roughly the atmospheric pressure on Earth at an altitude of 111 metres at 15 °C. The bar and the millibar were introduced by the Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes, who was a founder of the modern practice of weather forecasting. The International System of Units, despite previously mentioning the bar, now omits any mention of it.. The bar has been legally recognised in countries of the European Union since 2004.British Standard BS 350:2004 ''Conversion Factors for Units''. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) deprecates its use except for "limited use in meteorology" and lists it as one of several units that "must not be introduced ...
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Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen storage can be accomplished by several existing methods of holding hydrogen for later use. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy. Es ...
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Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually comes from substances that are already present in the battery. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied. The first fuel cells were invented by Sir William Grove in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later following the invention of the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1932. The alkaline fuel cell, also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, has been used in NASA space programs since the mid-1960s to generate power for satellites and space capsules. Since then, fuel cells have b ...
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Rechargeable Battery
A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell (formally a type of Accumulator (energy), energy accumulator), is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used as it accumulator (energy), accumulates and energy storage, stores energy through a reversible electrochemical Chemical reaction, reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and sizes, ranging from Button cell#Rechargeable variants, button cells to megawatt systems connected to grid energy storage, stabilize an electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid battery, lead–acid, zinc–air battery, zinc–air, nickel–cadmium battery, nickel–cadmium (Ni ...
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Electric Motor
An electric motor is an Electric machine, electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a Electromagnetic coil, wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, Inverter (electrical), inverters or electrical generators. Electric motors may be classified by considerations such as power source type, construction, application and type of motion output. They can be powered by AC or DC, be Brushed motor, brushed or Brushless motor, brushless, single-phase, Two-phase electric power, two-p ...
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Haptic Technology
Haptic technology (also kinaesthetic communication or 3D touch) is technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. These technologies can be used to create virtual objects in a computer simulation, to control virtual objects, and to enhance remote control of machines and devices (telerobotics). Haptic devices may incorporate tactile sensors that measure forces exerted by the user on the interface. The word '' haptic'', from the grc-gre, ἁπτικός (''haptikos''), means "tactile, pertaining to the sense of touch". Simple haptic devices are common in the form of game controllers, joysticks, and steering wheels. Haptic technology facilitates investigation of how the human sense of touch works by allowing the creation of controlled haptic virtual objects. Most researchers distinguish three sensory systems related to sense of touch in humans: cutaneous, kinaesthetic and haptic. All perceptions mediated by cutaneous and ...
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