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Homoloidea
Homoloidea is a superfamily of dromiacean crabs. Homoloidea belongs the group Dromiacea, taxonomically ranked as a section, and is the sister group to Dromioidea. Dromiacea is the most basal grouping of Brachyura crabs, and likely diverged from the rest of Brachyura around the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic. The close relation between Homoloidea and Dromioidea is primarily established through ultrastructural characteristics of the sperm. The below cladogram shows Homoloidea's placement within Dromiacea: Recent studies have found that the Homoloidea family Homolidae is paraphyletic with respect to Latreilliidae. See also *''Homola barbata ''Homola barbata'' is a species of crab in the family Homolidae. Description They usually have squarish carapaces with forward-pointing spines along the upper front edges. The animal's chelipeds are shorter than their other legs (the back pa ...'' References Dromiacea Taxa named by Wilhem de Haan Arthropod superfamilies< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromiacea
Dromiacea is a group of crabs, ranked as a section. It contains 240 extant and nearly 300 extinct species. Dromiacea is the most basal grouping of Brachyura crabs, diverging the earliest in the evolutionary history, around the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic. Below is a cladogram showing Dromiacea's placement within Brachyura: The larvae of Dromiacea resemble those of the Anomura more closely than those of other crabs. This may simply reflect their basal position in the crab phylogeny. The superfamily Eocarcinoidea, containing '' Eocarcinus'' and '' Platykotta'', was previously considered to be a member of the Dromiacea, but has since been transferred to the Anomura. The fossil record of Dromiacea reaches back at least as far as the Jurassic, and, if '' Imocaris'' is indeed a member, into the Carboniferous. Dromiacea primarily consists of two groups of superfamilies - Dromioidea and Homoloidea. See the below cladogram: Recent studies have found that some of the fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromiacea
Dromiacea is a group of crabs, ranked as a section. It contains 240 extant and nearly 300 extinct species. Dromiacea is the most basal grouping of Brachyura crabs, diverging the earliest in the evolutionary history, around the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic. Below is a cladogram showing Dromiacea's placement within Brachyura: The larvae of Dromiacea resemble those of the Anomura more closely than those of other crabs. This may simply reflect their basal position in the crab phylogeny. The superfamily Eocarcinoidea, containing '' Eocarcinus'' and '' Platykotta'', was previously considered to be a member of the Dromiacea, but has since been transferred to the Anomura. The fossil record of Dromiacea reaches back at least as far as the Jurassic, and, if '' Imocaris'' is indeed a member, into the Carboniferous. Dromiacea primarily consists of two groups of superfamilies - Dromioidea and Homoloidea. See the below cladogram: Recent studies have found that some of the fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crab
Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) ( el, βραχύς , translit=brachys = short, / = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. They live in all the world's oceans, in freshwater, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, and have a single pair of pincers. They first appeared during the Jurassic Period. Description Crabs are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin, and armed with a pair of chelae (claws). Crabs vary in size from the pea crab, a few millimeters wide, to the Japanese spider crab, with a leg span up to . Several other groups of crustaceans with similar appearances – such as king crabs and porcelain crabs – are not true crabs, but have evolved features similar to true crabs through a process known as carcinisation. Environment Crabs are found in all of the world's oceans, as well as in fresh w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromioidea
Dromioidea is a superfamily of crabs mostly found in Madagascar. Dromioidea belongs the group Dromiacea, taxonomically ranked as a section, which is the most basal grouping of Brachyura crabs. Dromiacea likely diverged from the rest of Brachyura around the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic, and the earliest fossils attributable to the Dromioidea date from the Late Jurassic. The below cladogram shows Dromioidea's placement within Dromiacea: Recent studies have found that the Dromioidea family Dromiidae may be paraphyletic with respect to Dynomenidae Dynomenidae is a family of crabs in the superfamily Dromioidea mostly found in Madagascar. There are nineteen genera in this family: five extant and fourteen known from fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, .... References Dromiacea Extant Late Jurassic first appearances Taxa named by Wilhem de Haan Arthropod superfamilies {{crab-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paromola Cuvieri
''Paromola cuvieri'' is a species of crab in the family Homolidae, the carrier crabs. It occurs in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, from Angola to Norway, the Northern Isles and Iceland. It is demersal, occurring at depths of , but it is primarily found deeper than . It prefers areas with mud and emerging rocks, and has been observed in deep-water coral gardens and sponge aggregations. It is locally common. This reddish crab is sexually dimorphic; the males have larger claws and are overall larger than the females. The carapace of the largest males can reach , while their claws can span . Like other members of the family, most ''P. cuvieri'' in their natural habitat carry an object, typically a living sessile invertebrate such as a sponge or deep-water coral, over the carapace in the small hindlegs. This may be used as camouflage, but is also used actively in defense by positioning the object between the crab and a would-be attacker. ''P. cuvieri'' is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homola Barbata
''Homola barbata'' is a species of crab in the family Homolidae. Description They usually have squarish carapaces with forward-pointing spines along the upper front edges. The animal's chelipeds are shorter than their other legs (the back pair are short, thin and doubled back on themselves). The animal's carapace grows to long. Ecology ''Homola barbata'' inhabits shelly, sandy, and muddy seabeds at depths of . They feed on algae, small mollusks and also scavenge for food. Reproduction is sexual, and through copulation. Distribution In the eastern part of its range, ''Homola barbata'' is found in the Mediterranean Sea and into the North Atlantic. In the western part of its range, ''H. barbata'' is found from Virginia southwards, through the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies, along the coasts of Central and South America to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in bot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynomenidae
Dynomenidae is a family of crabs in the superfamily Dromioidea mostly found in Madagascar. There are nineteen genera in this family: five extant and fourteen known from fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...s: *'' Acanthodromia'' A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 *'' Dynomene'' Desmarest, 1823 *'' Hirsutodynomene'' McLay, 1999 *'' Metadynomene'' McLay, 1999 *'' Paradynomene'' Sakai, 1963 *†'' Acanthodiaulax'' Schweitzer ''et al.'', 2003 *†'' Basinotopus'' M'Coy, 1849 *†'' Cyamocarcinus'' Bittner, 1883 *†'' Dromiopsis'' Reuss, 1858 *†'' Dynomenopsis'' Secretan, 1972 *†'' Eotrachynotocarcinus'' Beschin ''et al.'', 2007 *†'' Gemmellarocarcinus'' Checchia-Rispoli, 1905 *†'' Graptocarcinus'' Roemer, 1887 *†'' Kierionopsis'' Davidson, 1966 *†'' Maurimia'' Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromiidae
Dromiidae is a family of crabs, often referred to as sponge crabs. They are small or medium-sized crabs which get their name from the ability to shape a living sponge into a portable shelter for themselves.Encarta Reference Library Premium 2005 DVD A sponge crab cuts out a fragment from a sponge and trims it to its own shape using its claws. The last two pairs of legs are shorter than other legs and bend upward over the crab's carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tor ..., to hold the sponge in place. The sponge grows along with the crab, providing a consistent shelter. The family Dromiidae contains the following subfamilies and genera: ;Dromiinae De Haan, 1833 *'' Alainodromia'' McLay, 1998 *'' Ameridromia'' † Blow & Manning, 1996 *'' Ascidiophilus'' Richters, 188 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portable Document Format
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.Adobe Systems IncorporatedPDF Reference, Sixth edition, version 1.23 (53 MB) Nov 2006, p. 33. Archiv/ref> Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020. PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers, rich media (including video con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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