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Hodge–Arakelov Theory
In mathematics, Hodge–Arakelov theory of elliptic curves is an analogue of classical and p-adic Hodge theory for elliptic curves carried out in the framework of Arakelov theory. It was introduced by . It bears the name of two mathematicians, Suren Arakelov and W. V. D. Hodge. The main comparison in his theory remains unpublished as of 2019. Mochizuki's main comparison theorem in Hodge–Arakelov theory states (roughly) that the space of polynomial functions of degree less than ''d'' on the universal extension of a smooth elliptic curve in characteristic 0 is naturally isomorphic (via restriction) to the ''d''2-dimensional space of functions on the ''d''- torsion points. It is called a 'comparison theorem' as it is an analogue for Arakelov theory of comparison theorems in cohomology relating de Rham cohomology to singular cohomology of complex varieties or étale cohomology of ''p''-adic varieties. In and he pointed out that arithmetic Kodaira–Spencer map and Gauss–Manin c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematics
Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory, algebra, geometry, and analysis, respectively. There is no general consensus among mathematicians about a common definition for their academic discipline. Most mathematical activity involves the discovery of properties of abstract objects and the use of pure reason to prove them. These objects consist of either abstractions from nature orin modern mathematicsentities that are stipulated to have certain properties, called axioms. A ''proof'' consists of a succession of applications of deductive rules to already established results. These results include previously proved theorems, axioms, andin case of abstraction from naturesome basic properties that are considered true starting points of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauss–Manin Connection
In mathematics, the Gauss–Manin connection is a connection on a certain vector bundle over a base space ''S'' of a family of algebraic varieties V_s. The fibers of the vector bundle are the de Rham cohomology groups H^k_(V_s) of the fibers V_s of the family. It was introduced by for curves ''S'' and by in higher dimensions. Flat sections of the bundle are described by differential equations; the best-known of these is the Picard–Fuchs equation, which arises when the family of varieties is taken to be the family of elliptic curves. In intuitive terms, when the family is locally trivial, cohomology classes can be moved from one fiber in the family to nearby fibers, providing the 'flat section' concept in purely topological terms. The existence of the connection is to be inferred from the flat sections. Intuition Consider a smooth morphism of schemes X\to B over characteristic 0. If we consider these spaces as complex analytic spaces, then the Ehresmann fibration theorem te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. History The AMS was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society, the brainchild of Thomas Fiske, who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe was the first president and Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance, due to concerns about competing with the American Journal of Mathematics. The result was the ''Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'', with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influential in in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-universal Teichmüller Theory
Inter-universal Teichmüller theory (abbreviated as IUT or IUTT) is the name given by mathematician Shinichi Mochizuki to a theory he developed in the 2000s, following his earlier work in arithmetic geometry. According to Mochizuki, it is "an arithmetic version of Teichmüller theory for number fields equipped with an elliptic curve". The theory was made public in a series of four preprints posted in 2012 to his website. The most striking claimed application of the theory is to provide a proof for various outstanding conjectures in number theory, in particular the ''abc'' conjecture. Mochizuki and a few other mathematicians claim that the theory indeed yields such a proof but this has so far not been accepted by the mathematical community. History The theory was developed entirely by Mochizuki up to 2012, and the last parts were written up in a series of four preprints. Mochizuki made his work public in August 2012 with none of the fanfare that typically accompanies major advan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P-adic Hodge Theory
In mathematics, ''p''-adic Hodge theory is a theory that provides a way to classify and study ''p''-adic Galois representations of characteristic 0 local fields with residual characteristic ''p'' (such as Q''p''). The theory has its beginnings in Jean-Pierre Serre and John Tate's study of Tate modules of abelian varieties and the notion of Hodge–Tate representation. Hodge–Tate representations are related to certain decompositions of ''p''-adic cohomology theories analogous to the Hodge decomposition, hence the name ''p''-adic Hodge theory. Further developments were inspired by properties of ''p''-adic Galois representations arising from the étale cohomology of varieties. Jean-Marc Fontaine introduced many of the basic concepts of the field. General classification of ''p''-adic representations Let ''K'' be a local field with residue field ''k'' of characteristic ''p''. In this article, a ''p-adic representation'' of ''K'' (or of ''GK'', the absolute Galois group of ''K'') wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hodge Theory
In mathematics, Hodge theory, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is a method for studying the cohomology groups of a smooth manifold ''M'' using partial differential equations. The key observation is that, given a Riemannian metric on ''M'', every cohomology class has a canonical representative, a differential form that vanishes under the Laplacian operator of the metric. Such forms are called harmonic. The theory was developed by Hodge in the 1930s to study algebraic geometry, and it built on the work of Georges de Rham on de Rham cohomology. It has major applications in two settings: Riemannian manifolds and Kähler manifolds. Hodge's primary motivation, the study of complex projective varieties, is encompassed by the latter case. Hodge theory has become an important tool in algebraic geometry, particularly through its connection to the study of algebraic cycles. While Hodge theory is intrinsically dependent upon the real and complex numbers, it can be applied to questions in nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anabelian Geometry
Anabelian geometry is a theory in number theory which describes the way in which the algebraic fundamental group ''G'' of a certain arithmetic variety ''X'', or some related geometric object, can help to restore ''X''. The first results for number fields and their absolute Galois groups were obtained by Jürgen Neukirch, Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, Kenkichi Iwasawa, and Kôji Uchida ( Neukirch–Uchida theorem, 1969) prior to conjectures made about hyperbolic curves over number fields by Alexander Grothendieck. As introduced in ''Esquisse d'un Programme'' the latter were about how topological homomorphisms between two arithmetic fundamental groups of two hyperbolic curves over number fields correspond to maps between the curves. These Grothendieck conjectures were partially solved by Hiroaki Nakamura and Akio Tamagawa, while complete proofs were given by Shinichi Mochizuki. Anabelian geometry can be viewed as one of the three generalizations of class field theory. Unlike two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frobenioid
In arithmetic geometry, a Frobenioid is a category with some extra structure that generalizes the theory of line bundles on models of finite extensions of global fields. Frobenioids were introduced by . The word "Frobenioid" is a portmanteau of Frobenius and monoid, as certain Frobenius morphisms between Frobenioids are analogues of the usual Frobenius morphism, and some of the simplest examples of Frobenioids are essentially monoids. The Frobenioid of a monoid If ''M'' is a commutative monoid, it is acted on naturally by the monoid ''N'' of positive integers under multiplication, with an element ''n'' of ''N'' multiplying an element of ''M'' by ''n''. The Frobenioid of ''M'' is the semidirect product of ''M'' and ''N''. The underlying category of this Frobenioid is category of the monoid, with one object and a morphism for each element of the monoid. The standard Frobenioid is the special case of this construction when ''M'' is the additive monoid of non-negative integers. Elemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABC Conjecture
The ''abc'' conjecture (also known as the Oesterlé–Masser conjecture) is a conjecture in number theory that arose out of a discussion of Joseph Oesterlé and David Masser in 1985. It is stated in terms of three positive integers ''a'', ''b'' and ''c'' (hence the name) that are relatively prime and satisfy ''a'' + ''b'' = ''c''. The conjecture essentially states that the product of the distinct prime factors of ''abc'' is usually not much smaller than ''c''. A number of famous conjectures and theorems in number theory would follow immediately from the ''abc'' conjecture or its versions. Mathematician Dorian Goldfeld described the ''abc'' conjecture as "The most important unsolved problem in Diophantine analysis". The ''abc'' conjecture originated as the outcome of attempts by Oesterlé and Masser to understand the Szpiro conjecture about elliptic curves, which involves more geometric structures in its statement than the ''abc'' conjecture. The ''abc'' conjecture was sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vojta's Conjecture
In mathematics, Vojta's conjecture is a conjecture introduced by about heights of points on algebraic varieties over number fields. The conjecture was motivated by an analogy between diophantine approximation and Nevanlinna theory (value distribution theory) in complex analysis. It implies many other conjectures in Diophantine approximation, Diophantine equations, arithmetic geometry, and mathematical logic. Statement of the conjecture Let F be a number field, let X/F be a non-singular algebraic variety, let D be an effective divisor on X with at worst normal crossings, let H be an ample divisor on X, and let K_X be a canonical divisor on X. Choose Weil height functions h_H and h_ and, for each absolute value v on F, a local height function \lambda_. Fix a finite set of absolute values S of F, and let \epsilon>0. Then there is a constant C and a non-empty Zariski open set U\subseteq X, depending on all of the above choices, such that :: \sum_ \lambda_(P) + h_(P) \le \epsilon h_H(P) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kodaira–Spencer Map
In mathematics, the Kodaira–Spencer map, introduced by Kunihiko Kodaira and Donald C. Spencer, is a map associated to a deformation of a scheme or complex manifold ''X'', taking a tangent space of a point of the deformation space to the first cohomology group of the sheaf of vector fields on ''X''. Definition Historical motivation The Kodaira–Spencer map was originally constructed in the setting of complex manifolds. Given a complex analytic manifold M with charts U_i and biholomorphic maps f_ sending z_k \to z_j = (z_j^1,\ldots, z_j^n) gluing the charts together, the idea of deformation theory is to replace these transition maps f_(z_k) by parametrized transition maps f_(z_k, t_1,\ldots, t_k) over some base B (which could be a real manifold) with coordinates t_1,\ldots, t_k, such that f_(z_k, 0,\ldots, 0) = f_(z_k). This means the parameters t_i deform the complex structure of the original complex manifold M. Then, these functions must also satisfy a cocycle conditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
