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History Of Breton Nationalism
The history of Breton nationalism, as an organised set of political and cultural movements, started during the latter half of the 19th century. The name ''Breton movement'', or ''Emsav'' in Breton (pronounced , meaning 'uplifting, renovation'), is used to group the major Breton political and cultural movements. Some feel the term (or the movements themselves) does not adequately reflect the diversity, internal divisions and conflicts within Brittany. Traditionally, the history of the Breton movement is split into three periods: the First Emsav being the birth of the Breton movement before 1914; the Second Emsav covering the period 1914–1945; and Third Emsav for the postwar movements. The historic memory of the Second Emsav has been tarnished in the memory of many by the collaboration of some leading Breton nationalists during the German occupation of France. After the war, the movement was widely discredited politically and several of these members arrested as collaborators. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Occupation Of France During World War II
The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Second Armistice at after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxism
Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand Social class, class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, no single, definitive Marxist philosophy, Marxist theory exists. In addition to the schools of thought which emphasize or modify elements of classical Marxism, various Marxian concepts have been incorporated and adapted into a diverse array of Social theory, social theories leading to widely varying conclusions. Alongside Marx's critique of political economy, the defining characteristics of Marxism have often been described using the terms dialectical mater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adsav
Adsav () is a Breton nationalist secessionist political party in Brittany that claims to be neither right-wing or left-wing although its roots are on the right, and it is widely considered to be a far-right party.Selma K. Sonntag, ''The local politics of global English: case studies in linguistic globalization'', Lexington Books, 2003, p.43 Adsav was created after a split inside the Parti pour l'Organisation d'une Bretagne Libre. The other faction created the Breton Federalist League. Adsav claims 700 members, but that figure is considered a gross overestimation by other political forces. It organises an annual commemoration at the site of the 1488 Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier. In 2002, Adsav was expelled from a rally promoting the reintegration of Nantes into Brittany when its members spray-painted "Bretagne pour les Bretons" ( en, Brittany for the Bretons) on billboards and heckled a group of Berber Berber or Berbers may refer to: Ethnic group * Berbers, an ethnic group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Nationalism
Breton nationalism (Breton language, Breton: ''roadelouriezh Brezhoneg'', French language, French: ''nationalisme Breton'') is a form of Territorial nationalism, regional nationalism associated with the region of Brittany in France. The political aspirations of Breton nationalists include the desire to obtain the right to self-rule, whether within France or independently of it, and to acquire more power in the European Union, United Nations and other international institutions. Breton nationalism emerged in various forms over time, which nationalists consider to fall into phases known as "renovations" (''emsav''). The First ''Emsav'' was the birth of the modern Breton movement before 1914; the Second ''Emsav'' covers the period 1914-1945; and the Third ''Emsav'' for the postwar movements. Breton nationalism has an important cultural component which has long focused on the status of Breton language, Breton and Gallo language, Gallo languages against perceived French linguistic im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Nationalism And World War II
Before and during World War II, the various Breton nationalist movements were generally right-wing, and sometimes fascist. The extent to which this led to collaboration with the Nazi occupiers of France during the war, together with their motivations, is a matter of historical controversy. Background Before the occupation, Breton nationalists were split between regionalism, federalism, and separatism. Essentially these factions, though divided, remained insensitive and frankly hostile to democratic ideals. Among these groups, only the openly separatist Breton National Party remained organized; dissolved in 1939, it was rapidly reconstituted in the autumn of 1940 and became the most active political party in Brittany under the Occupation. Having broken in 1931 from regionalism, its founders (Olier Mordrel and François Debeauvais) were inspired by the Irish War of Independence and played the nationalist card. When war broke out, the Breton National Party chose a position ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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