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Hemodialysis Product
Hemodialysis product (HDP) - is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy. It was proposed by Scribner and Oreopoulous because of their perceived inadequacy of the Kt/V measure of dialysis adequacy. The HDP is defined by the following empirical formula: :HDP = t * f 2 Where: *HDP - hemodialysis product *t - dialysis time (hours/dialysis session) *f - dialysis frequency (dialysis sessions/week) The formula, like all empirical formulae, has no theoretical basis. The HDP has not seen widespread use. An Egyptian study published in 2011 found that HDP is "a valid test with high sensitivity and specificity for assessment of adequacy of hemodialysis in comparison to KT/V and URR." The formula has been tested by me using nxstage system one 4.78 x 7 x 7 = 234 During dialysis I performed potassium blood electrolyte test. Using 2K dialysate potassium level went to normal. Here is the reason: lactate 45 instead of bicarbonate. This is the theore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, or simply dialysis, is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally. This type of dialysis achieves the extracorporeal removal of waste products such as creatinine and urea and free water from the blood when the kidneys are in a state of kidney failure. Hemodialysis is one of three renal replacement therapies (the other two being kidney transplant and peritoneal dialysis). An alternative method for extracorporeal separation of blood components such as plasma or cells is apheresis. Hemodialysis can be an outpatient or inpatient therapy. Routine hemodialysis is conducted in a dialysis outpatient facility, either a purpose-built room in a hospital or a dedicated, stand-alone clinic. Less frequently hemodialysis is done at home. Dialysis treatments in a clinic are initiated and managed by specialized staff made up of nurses and technicians; dialysis treatments at home can be self-initiated and managed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood. It is used to remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems, and remove toxins in those with kidney failure. Peritoneal dialysis has better outcomes than hemodialysis during the first couple of years. Other benefits include greater flexibility and better tolerability in those with significant heart disease. Complications may include infections within the abdomen, hernias, high blood sugar, bleeding in the abdomen, and blockage of the catheter. Use is not possible in those with significant prior abdominal surgery or inflammatory bowel disease. It requires some degree of technical skill to be done properly. In peritoneal dialysis, a specific solution is introduced through a permanent tube in the lower abdomen and then removed. This may either occur at regular intervals throughout the day, kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kt/V
In medicine, ''Kt/V'' is a number used to quantify hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis treatment adequacy. *''K'' – dialyzer clearance of urea *''t'' – dialysis time *''V'' – volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to patient's total body water In the context of hemodialysis, Kt/V is a pseudo-dimensionless number; it is dependent on the pre- and post-dialysis concentration (see below). It is ''not'' the product of ''K'' and ''t'' divided by ''V'', as would be the case in a true dimensionless number. In peritoneal dialysis, it isn't dimensionless at all. It was developed by Frank Gotch and John Sargent as a way for measuring the dose of dialysis when they analyzed the data from the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. In hemodialysis the US National Kidney Foundation ''Kt''/''V'' target is ≥ 1.3, so that one can be sure that the delivered dose is at least 1.2. In peritoneal dialysis the target is ≥ 1.7/week. Despite the name, ''Kt''/''V'' is quit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empirical Formula
In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. A simple example of this concept is that the empirical formula of sulfur monoxide, or SO, would simply be SO, as is the empirical formula of disulfur dioxide, S2O2. Thus, sulfur monoxide and disulfur dioxide, both compounds of sulfur and oxygen, have the same empirical formula. However, their molecular formulas, which express the number of atoms in each molecule of a chemical compound, are not the same. An empirical formula makes no mention of the arrangement or number of atoms. It is standard for many ionic compounds, like calcium chloride (CaCl2), and for macromolecules, such as silicon dioxide (SiO2). The molecular formula, on the other hand, shows the number of each type of atom in a molecule. The structural formula shows the arrangement of the molecule. It is also possible for different types of compounds to have equal empirical formulas. Sampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
