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Hematodinium
''Hematodinium'' is a Genus, genus of dinoflagellates. Species in this genus, such as ''Hematodinium perezi'', the type species, are internal parasitism, parasites of the hemolymph of crustaceans such as the Atlantic blue crab (''Callinectes sapidus'') and Norway lobster (''Nephrops norvegicus''). Species in the genus are economically damaging to commercial crab fisheries, including causing bitter crab disease in the large Chionoecetes bairdi, Tanner or snow crab fisheries of the Bering Sea. Introduction ''Hematodinium'' is a harmful parasitic dinoflagellate in marine decapod crustaceans, often dwelling in the hemolymph of host organisms . Drastic changes in the host’s vital organs, tissues, and hemolymph lead to the degeneration of the organism . Previous studies indicate that species in genus ''Hematodium'' affect many organisms in Order Decapoda, and may also affect Order Amphipoda and subclass Copepoda (Manier ''et al'', 1971). These crustacean taxa include crabs, lobste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitter Crab Disease
''Hematodinium perezi'' is an internal dinoflagellate parasite that infects crustaceans, including blue crabs, and causes bitter crab disease. Other crustaceans that have been observed to be infected include the Norway Lobster and King Crab, and has been observed to have a significant impact on crustacean fisheries. Infected crabs frequently show signs of weakness and lethargy, and often die due to stress-related handling from fishing as well as metabolic exhaustion due to reduced feeding. This parasite is known to be transmitted between alternate crustacean hosts, through the sharing of water and with the feeding of crabs on infected crabs. ''H. perezi'' is a type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... of the genus ''Hematodinium'', and perezi has only r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hematodinium Perezi
''Hematodinium perezi'' is an internal dinoflagellate parasite that infects crustaceans, including blue crabs, and causes bitter crab disease. Other crustaceans that have been observed to be infected include the Norway Lobster and King Crab, and has been observed to have a significant impact on crustacean fisheries. Infected crabs frequently show signs of weakness and lethargy, and often die due to stress-related handling from fishing as well as metabolic exhaustion due to reduced feeding. This parasite is known to be transmitted between alternate crustacean hosts, through the sharing of water and with the feeding of crabs on infected crabs. ''H. perezi'' is a type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... of the genus ''Hematodinium'', and perezi has only r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they also are common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis). In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms. Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, ''Oodinium'' and ''Pfiesteria''). Some dinoflagellates pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they also are common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis). In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms. Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, ''Oodinium'' and ''Pfiesteria''). Some dinoflagellates pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway Lobster
''Nephrops norvegicus'', known variously as the Norway lobster, Dublin Bay prawn, ' (compare langostino) or ''scampi'', is a slim, orange-pink lobster which grows up to long, and is "the most important commercial crustacean in Europe". It is now the only extant species in the genus '' Nephrops'', after several other species were moved to the closely related genus '' Metanephrops''. It lives in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, and parts of the Mediterranean Sea, but is absent from the Baltic Sea and Black Sea. Adults emerge from their burrows at night to feed on worms and fish. Description ''Nephrops norvegicus'' has the typical body shape of a lobster, albeit narrower than the large genus ''Homarus''. It is pale orange in colour, and grows to a typical length of , or exceptionally long, including the tail and claws. A carapace covers the animal's cephalothorax, while the abdomen is long and segmented, ending in a broad tail fan. The first three pairs of legs bear claws, of wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syndiniophyceae
The Syndiniales are an order of early branching dinoflagellates (also known as Marine Alveolates, "MALVs"), found as parasites of crustaceans, fish, algae, cnidarians, and protists (ciliates, radiolarians, other dinoflagellates). The trophic form is often multinucleate, and ultimately divides to form motile spores, which have two flagella in typical dinoflagellate arrangement. They lack a theca and chloroplasts, and unlike all other orders, the nucleus is never a dinokaryon. A well-studied example is ''Amoebophrya'', which is a parasite of other dinoflagellates and may play a part in ending red tides. Several MALV groups have been assigned to Syndiniales; recent studies, however, show paraphyly of MALVs suggesting that only those groups that branch as sister to dinokaryotes ('core dinoflagellates') belong to Syndiniales. Taxonomy * Class Syndiniophyceae Loeblich III, 1976 ''Syndinearef> ** Order Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976 occidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934*** Family He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syndiniales
The Syndiniales are an order of early branching dinoflagellates (also known as Marine Alveolates, "MALVs"), found as parasites of crustaceans, fish, algae, cnidarians, and protists (ciliates, radiolarians, other dinoflagellates). The trophic form is often multinucleate, and ultimately divides to form motile spores, which have two flagella in typical dinoflagellate arrangement. They lack a theca and chloroplasts, and unlike all other orders, the nucleus is never a dinokaryon. A well-studied example is ''Amoebophrya'', which is a parasite of other dinoflagellates and may play a part in ending red tides. Several MALV groups have been assigned to Syndiniales; recent studies, however, show paraphyly of MALVs suggesting that only those groups that branch as sister to dinokaryotes ('core dinoflagellates') belong to Syndiniales. Taxonomy * Class Syndiniophyceae Loeblich III, 1976 ''Syndinearef> ** Order Syndiniales Loeblich III 1976 occidinales Chatton & Biecheler 1934*** Fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chionoecetes Bairdi
''Chionoecetes bairdi'' is a species of snow crab, alternatively known as bairdi crab and tanner crab. ''C. bairdi'' is closely related to ''Chionoecetes opilio'', and it can be difficult to distinguish ''C. opilio'' from ''C. bairdi''. Both species are found in the Bering Sea and are sold commercially under the name "Snow crab." Tanner crabs have suffered from overfishing and as a result strict controls have been placed on tanner crab fisheries. It was named by Mary Jane Rathbun, a Smithsonian employee who became one of the leading authorities on crab taxonomy. She named the crab for Spencer Baird, her mentor, who in the 1880s as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution and head of the United States Fish Commission, had given her her first position. Biology Tanner crabs are considered a short-tailed or "true" crab. They are decapods with pincer claws on their frontmost pair of legs. They can live over a decade with most adults reaching by the time they reach adulthood, usual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callinectes Sapidus
''Callinectes sapidus'' (from the Ancient Greek ,"beautiful" + , "swimmer", and Latin , "savory"), the blue crab, Atlantic blue crab, or regionally as the Chesapeake blue crab, is a species of crab native to the waters of the western Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, and introduced internationally. ''C. sapidus'' is of considerable culinary and economic importance in the United States, particularly in Louisiana, the Carolinas, the Chesapeake Bay, Delaware, and New Jersey. It is the Maryland state crustacean and the state's largest commercial fishery. Due to overfishing and environmental pressures some of the fisheries have seen declining yields, especially in the Chesapeake Bay fishery. Unlike other fisheries affected by climate change, blue crab is expected to do well; warming causes better breeding conditions, more survivable winters, and a greater range of habitable areas in the Atlantic coast. Whether this will have negative effects on the surrounding ecosystems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemolymph
Hemolymph, or haemolymph, is a fluid, analogous to the blood in vertebrates, that circulates in the interior of the arthropod (invertebrate) body, remaining in direct contact with the animal's tissues. It is composed of a fluid plasma in which hemolymph cells called hemocytes are suspended. In addition to hemocytes, the plasma also contains many chemicals. It is the major tissue type of the open circulatory system characteristic of arthropods (e.g. arachnids, crustaceans and insects). In addition, some non-arthropods such as molluscs possess a hemolymphatic circulatory system. Oxygen-transport systems were long thought unnecessary in insects, but ancestral and functional hemocyanin has been found in the hemolymph. Insect "blood" generally does not carry hemoglobin, although hemoglobin may be present in the tracheal system instead and play some role in respiration. Method of transport In the grasshopper, the closed portion of the system consists of tubular hearts and an aort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinospore
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