|
Heliotropiaceae
Heliotropiaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics. There are the following four genera in the family: * ''Heliotropium (''incl. ''Tournefortia'' L.) * ''Euploca'' Nutt. * ''Ixorhea'' Fenzl * '' Myriopus'' Small ''Ixorhea'' is sister to ''Euploca'' and ''Myriopus''. Together they form a clade sister to ''Heliotropium'', which comprises four major clades: ''Heliotropium'' sect. ''Heliothamnus'' I.M.Johnst., Old World ''Heliotropium'', ''Heliotropium'' sect. ''Cochranea'' (Miers) Post & Kuntze, and the ''Tournefortia''-clade, the latter comprising ''Tournefortia'' sect. ''Tournefortia'' and all remaining New World species of ''Heliotropium''. History Prior to a 2016 revision, Heliotropiaceae was considered a subfamily of the Boraginaceae: Heliotropioideae. Even before that, however, there was already some indication in the field that Heliotropiaceae deserved to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliotropium
''Heliotropium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the heliotrope family, Heliotropiaceae. There are around 325 species in this almost cosmopolitan genus, which are commonly known as heliotropes (sg. ). It is highly toxic for dogs and cats. Etymology The name "heliotrope" derives from the old idea that the inflorescences of these plants turned their rows of flowers to the Sun.Chittenden, Fred J. Ed., Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening, Oxford 1951 Ἥλιος (''helios'') is Greek for "Sun", τρέπειν (''trepein'') means "to turn". The Middle English name "turnsole" has the same meaning. A Classical myth, told in Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', imagines that the water nymph Clytie, in love with the sun god Helios, was betrayed by him. Wasting away, she transformed into the heliotrope, whose flowers supposedly always face the Sun. Morphology Like other members of the Heliotropiaceae, plants in the genus ''Heliotropium'' have 5-merous, tetracyclic flowers and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriopus
''Myriopus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the borage and forget-me-not family Boraginaceae (or Heliotropiaceae Heliotropiaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants with approximately 450 species worldwide, though it is concentrated especially in the tropics and subtropics. There are the following four genera in the family: * ''Heliotropium (''incl. ...), native to Latin America, the Caribbean, and Florida. Species Currently accepted species include: *'' Myriopus breviflorus'' (A.DC.) Luebert *'' Myriopus candidulus'' (Miers) Feuillet *'' Myriopus gardnerianus'' (A.DC.) J.I.M.Melo *'' Myriopus maculatus'' (Jacq.) Feuillet *'' Myriopus membranaceus'' (A.DC.) J.I.M.Melo *'' Myriopus microphyllus'' (Bertero ex Spreng.) Feuillet *'' Myriopus paniculatus'' (Cham.) Feuillet *'' Myriopus parvifolius'' (Alain) Feuillet *'' Myriopus petionvillae'' (Urb. & Ekman) Feuillet *'' Myriopus poliochros'' (Spreng.) Small *'' Myriopus psilostachya'' (Kunth) Diane & Hilger *'' Myrio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euploca
''Euploca'' is an almost cosmopolitan genus of plants with around 100 species. It was first described by Thomas Nuttall in 1837. While part of the broadly defined Boraginaceae in the APG IV system from 2016, a revision of the order Boraginales from the same year includes ''Euploca'' in the separate family Heliotropiaceae. Its species used to be classified in the genera ''Hilgeria'' and ''Schleidenia'' and in ''Heliotropium'' sect. ''Orthostachys'', but were found to form an independent lineage in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, more closely related to ''Myriopus'' than to ''Heliotropium''. While many species use the photosynthetic pathway, there are also – intermediate species. Species have leaves with a -typical Kranz anatomy carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants. It owes the names to the 1960's discovery by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack that some plants, when suppl .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the order Boraginales within the asterids. Under the older Cronquist system it was included in Lamiales, but it is now clear that it is no more similar to the other families in this order than they are to families in several other asterid orders. A revision of the Boraginales, also from 2016, split the Boraginaceae in eleven distinct families: Boraginaceae ''sensu stricto'', Codonaceae, Coldeniaceae, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Hoplestigmataceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lennoaceae, Namaceae, and Wellstediaceae. These plants have alternately arranged leaves, or a combination of alternate and opposite leaves. The leaf blades usually have a narrow shape; many are linear or lance-shaped. They are smooth-edged or toothed, and some have petiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliotropioideae
Heliotropioideae was a subfamily of the flowering plant family Boraginaceae, comprising roughly 450 species. A 2016 revision of the Boraginales recognises it as a distinct family, Heliotropiaceae. Genera According to the 2016 revision, there are four genera: * ''Euploca'' Nutt. (~100 species, almost cosmopolitan) * ''Heliotropium'' L. (~325 species, almost cosmopolitan; incl. ''Tournefortia'' L.) * ''Ixorhea'' Fenzl (1 species, Argentina) * ''Myriopus'' Small Small may refer to: Science and technology * SMALL, an ALGOL-like programming language * Small (anatomy), the lumbar region of the back * ''Small'' (journal), a nano-science publication * <small>, an HTML element that defines smaller text ... (~25 species, Neotropics) References * Asterid subfamilies {{Asterid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmopolitan Distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The extreme opposite of a cosmopolitan species is an endemic one, being found only in a single geographical location. Qualification The caveat “in appropriate habitat” is used to qualify the term "cosmopolitan distribution", excluding in most instances polar regions, extreme altitudes, oceans, deserts, or small, isolated islands. For example, the housefly is highly cosmopolitan, yet is neither oceanic nor polar in its distribution. Related terms and concepts The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-merous
Merosity (from the greek "méros," which means "having parts") refers to the number of component parts in a distinct whorl of a plant structure. The term is most commonly used in the context of a flower where it refers to the number of sepals in a whorl of the calyx, the number of petals in a whorl of the corolla, the number of stamens in a whorl of the androecium, or the number of carpels in a whorl of the gynoecium. The term may also be used to refer to the number of leaves in a leaf whorl. The adjective ''n''-merous refers to a whorl of ''n'' parts, where ''n'' is any integer greater than one. In nature, five or three parts per whorl have the highest frequency of occurrence, but four or two parts per whorl are not uncommon. Be aware that two consecutive whorls of dimerous petals are often mistaken for tetramerous petals. If all of the whorls in a given floral arrangement have the same merosity, the flower is said to be isomerous, otherwise the flower is anisomerous. For exampl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracyclic Flower
Tetracyclics are cyclic chemical compounds that contain four interconnected rings of atoms, e.g. Tröger's base. They have various pharmaceutical uses, for instance the tetracycline antibiotics and the tetracyclic antidepressants. See also * Tricyclic * Heterocyclic A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of organic chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties, and ... References {{Reflist Tetracyclic compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinomorphic
Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirally arranged. Actinomorphic Most flowers are actinomorphic ("star shaped", "radial"), meaning they can be divided into 3 or more identical sectors which are related to each other by rotation about the center of the flower. Typically, each sector might contain one tepal or one petal and one sepal and so on. It may or may not be possible to divide the flower into symmetrical halves by the same number of longitudinal planes passing through the axis: Oleander is an example of a flower without such mirror planes. Actinomorphic flowers are also called radially symmetrical or regular flowers. Other examples of actinomorphic flowers are the lily (''Lilium'', Liliaceae) and the buttercup (''Ranunculus'', Ranunculaceae). Zygomorphic Zygomorp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stigma (botany)
The stigma () is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. Description The stigma, together with the style and ovary (typically called the stigma-style-ovary system) comprises the pistil, which is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma itself forms the distal portion of the style, or stylodia, and is composed of , the cells of which are receptive to pollen. These may be restricted to the apex of the style or, especially in wind pollinated species, cover a wide surface. The stigma receives pollen and it is on the stigma that the pollen grain germinates. Often sticky, the stigma is adapted in various ways to catch and trap pollen with various hairs, flaps, or sculpturings. The pollen may be captured from the air (wind-borne pollen, anemophily), from visiting insects or other animals ( biotic pollination), or in rare cases from surrounding water (hydrophily). Stigma can vary from long and sle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petal
Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corolla''. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of modified leaves called sepals, that collectively form the ''calyx'' and lie just beneath the corolla. The calyx and the corolla together make up the perianth, the non-reproductive portion of a flower. When the petals and sepals of a flower are difficult to distinguish, they are collectively called tepals. Examples of plants in which the term ''tepal'' is appropriate include Genus, genera such as ''Aloe'' and ''Tulipa''. Conversely, genera such as ''Rose, Rosa'' and ''Phaseolus'' have well-distinguished sepals and petals. When the undifferentiated tepals resemble petals, they are referred to as "petaloid", as in petaloid monocots, orders of monocots with brightly colored tepals. Sinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> Sister Group")