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Hawaiian Honeycreeper Conservation
Hawaiian honeycreepers (Fringillidae), of the subfamily Carduelinae, were once quite abundant in all forests throughout Hawai'i. This group of birds historically consisted of at least 51 species. Less than half of Hawaii's previously extant species of honeycreeper still exist. Threats to species include habitat loss, avian malaria, predation by non-native mammals, and competition from non-native birds. Hawaiian honeycreeper threats The honeycreepers are threatened by recently introduced predation, competition, parasitism, degradation of habitat, and infectious disease including mosquito-borne avian malaria. One of the consequences of the invasive birds is the introduction of avian malaria. The pathogen is primarily transmitted via female mosquitoes who will pass on the disease by biting a susceptible individual after having bitten an infected individual. The main mosquito vector (''Culex quinquefasciatus'') was introduced over a hundred years before the pathogen (''Plasmodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawaiian Honeycreeper
Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of small, passerine birds endemic to Hawaii. They are closely related to the rosefinches in the genus ''Carpodacus'', but many species have evolved features unlike those present in any other finch. Their great morphological diversity is the result of adaptive radiation in an insular environment. Many have been driven to extinction since the first humans arrived in Hawaii, with extinctions increasing over the last 2 centuries following European discovery of the islands, with habitat destruction and especially invasive species being the main causes. Taxonomy Before the introduction of molecular phylogenetic techniques, the relationship of the Hawaiian honeycreepers to other bird species was controversial. The honeycreepers were sometimes categorized as a family Drepanididae,Clements, J. 2007. ''The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World.'' 6th ed. other authorities considered them a subfamily, Drepanidinae, of Fringillidae, the finch fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemignathus Stejnegeri
''Hemignathus'' is a Hawaiian honeycreeper genus in the subfamily Carduelinae of the finch family, Fringillidae. These birds are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Extinctions Many of its species became extinct during the 19th and 20th centuries due to a combination of habitat destruction, introduced predators, and most importantly mosquito-borne diseases. One species, the giant nukupu'u (''Hemignathus vorpalis''), is known only from fossils, and became extinct in prehistoric times when Polynesian settlers deforested the lowlands for agriculture. Taxonomy (Sub)Genus ''Hemignathus sensu stricto'' - pointed or long and downcurved bills, insectivores or nectarivores. The Nukupu‘u: * Giant nukupu‘u, ''Hemignathus vorpalis'' - prehistoric * Maui nukupuʻu ''Hemignathus affinis'' - probably extinct (late 1990s?) * Oʻahu nukupuʻu ''Hemignathus lucidus'' - extinct (1837) * Kauaʻi nukupuʻu ''Hemignathus hanapepe'' - probably extinct (late 1900s?) (Sub)Genus ''Heterorhynchus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maui Nui Icterid-like Gaper
The island of Maui (; Hawaiian: ) is the second-largest of the islands of the state of Hawaii at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km2) and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is the largest of Maui County's four islands, which also includes Molokai, Lānai, and unpopulated Kahoolawe. In 2020, Maui had a population of 168,307, the third-highest of the Hawaiian Islands, behind that of Oahu and Hawaii Island. Kahului is the largest census-designated place (CDP) on the island with a population of 26,337 , and is the commercial and financial hub of the island. Wailuku is the seat of Maui County and is the third-largest CDP . Other significant places include Kīhei (including Wailea and Makena in the Kihei Town CDP, the island's second-most-populated CDP), Lāhainā (including Kāanapali and Kapalua in the Lāhainā Town CDP), Makawao, Pukalani, Pāia, Kula, Haikū, and Hāna. Etymology Native Hawaiian tradition gives the origin of the island's name in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oʻahu Icterid-like Gaper
Oahu () ( Hawaiian: ''Oʻahu'' ()), also known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people—over two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The island of O’ahu and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands constitute the City and County of Honolulu. The state capital, Honolulu, is on Oʻahu's southeast coast. Oʻahu had a population of 1,016,508 according to the 2020 U.S. Census, up from 953,207 people in 2010 (approximately 70% of the total 1,455,271 population of the State of Hawaii, with approximately 81% of those living in or near the Honolulu urban area). Name The Island of O{{okinaahu in Hawaii is often nicknamed (or translated as) ''"The Gathering Place"''. It appears that O{{okinaahu grew into this nickname; it is currently the most populated Hawaiian Island, however, in ancient times, O{{okinaahu was not populous and was outranked by the status of other islands. The translation of ''"ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloridops Wahi
The wahi grosbeak or Oahu grosbeak (''Chloridops wahi'') is a prehistoric species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The wahi grosbeak was endemic to dry forests on the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Maui. Based on the thickness of its bill it fed on seeds easier to crack than those of the naio ('' Myoporum sandwicense''), on which the Kona grosbeak fed. The species was already extinct when Europeans landed on the island. Being only known from fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...s, its behavior and the exact reasons for its extinction are essentially unknown. Its fossils have been found throughout the islands, but were present in higher concentrations in caves. The bird was smaller than the related King Kong grosbeak (''C. regiskongi'') by . It had a total le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wahi Grosbeak
The wahi grosbeak or Oahu grosbeak (''Chloridops wahi'') is a Prehistory, prehistoric species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The wahi grosbeak was Endemism, endemic to Hawaiian tropical dry forests, dry forests on the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Kauai, Oahu, Oahu, and Maui. Based on the thickness of its bill it Seed predation, fed on seeds easier to crack than those of the naio (''Myoporum sandwicense''), on which the Kona grosbeak fed. The species was already Extinction, extinct when Europeans landed on the island. Being only known from fossils, its behavior and the exact reasons for its extinction are essentially unknown. Its fossils have been found throughout the islands, but were present in higher concentrations in caves. The bird was smaller than the related King Kong grosbeak (''C. regiskongi'') by . It had a total length of .James, Helen F., & Olson, Storrs L. (1991). Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes.Ornithological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloridops Regiskongi
The King Kong grosbeak or giant grosbeak (''Chloridops regiskongi'') is a prehistoric species of Hawaiian honeycreeper, that was endemic to Hawaii. It had the largest beak of the three ''Chloridops'' species known to have existed. The King Kong grosbeak was described from fossils found at Barber's Point and Ulupau Head on the island of Oahu. It was long, making it one of the largest Hawaiian honeycreepers. The osteology of the mandible strongly suggests that ''C. regiskongi'' was a sister-taxon of '' Rhodacanthis''. The unusual name given to the species came from a reporter's misquoting of ornithologist Storrs L. Olson Storrs Lovejoy Olson (April 3, 1944 – January 20, 2021) was an American biologist and ornithologist who spent his career at the Smithsonian Institution, retiring in 2008. One of the world's foremost avian paleontologists, he was best known ...’s discovery of the then-unnamed species as being "a giant, gargantuan, King Kong finch." References Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Kong Grosbeak
The King Kong grosbeak or giant grosbeak (''Chloridops regiskongi'') is a prehistoric species of Hawaiian honeycreeper, that was endemic to Hawaii. It had the largest beak of the three ''Chloridops'' species known to have existed. The King Kong grosbeak was described from fossils found at Barber's Point and Ulupau Head on the island of Oahu. It was long, making it one of the largest Hawaiian honeycreepers. The osteology of the mandible strongly suggests that ''C. regiskongi'' was a sister-taxon of '' Rhodacanthis''. The unusual name given to the species came from a reporter's misquoting of ornithologist Storrs L. Olson Storrs Lovejoy Olson (April 3, 1944 – January 20, 2021) was an American biologist and ornithologist who spent his career at the Smithsonian Institution, retiring in 2008. One of the world's foremost avian paleontologists, he was best known ...’s discovery of the then-unnamed species as being "a giant, gargantuan, King Kong finch." References Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloridops Kona
The Kona grosbeak (''Chloridops kona'') is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. The Kona grosbeak was endemic to naio ('' Myoporum sandwicense'') forests on ʻaʻā lava flows at elevations of near the Kona District on the island of Hawaii. The species was already very rare when it was first discovered, being found in only about , and was last collected in 1894. Reasons for its extinction are not very well known. The genus is known from fossils from Kauai, Oahu and Maui. It was unknown to the Native Hawaiians, and thus a name for it does not exist in the Hawaiian language. Description The Kona grosbeak, at , was a medium-sized, chunky bird. Its plumage was a dull olive green, and did not display sexual dimorphism. The bird had a large head and a giant, brownish-gray beak. Diet The Kona grosbeak was a frugivore, with a large beak adapted to break through the hard endocarp of dried naio ('' Myoporum sandwicense'') fruits. It may have also taken green naio fruit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
