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Harper's Songs
Harper's Songs are ancient Egyptian texts that originated in tomb inscriptions of the Middle Kingdom (but found on papyrus texts until the Papyrus Harris 500 of the New Kingdom), which in the main praise life after death and were often used in funerary contexts. These songs display varying degrees of hope in an afterlife that range from the skeptical through to the more traditional expressions of confidence.Lichtheim, 1976, p. 115 These texts are accompanied by drawings of blind harpists and are therefore thought to have been sung.''" Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs"'', James P. Allen, p343, Cambridge University Press, 2000, Thematically they have been compared with The Immortality of Writers in their expression of rational skepticism. Background The distinction between songs, hymns and poetry in ancient Egyptian texts is not always clear. The convention is to treat as songs those poetic texts which are depicted with musical instrume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maler Der Grabkammer Des Nacht 001
Maler is a surname of German origin meaning 'painter'. People with the surname Maler: *Eva Maler (born 1988), German playwright *Hans Maler zu Schwaz (1480/1488–1526/1529), German painter *Jim Maler (born 1958), American baseball player *Teoberto Maler (1842–1917), German archaeologist See also *Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and the modernism ... {{given name, type=both Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dispute Between A Man And His Ba
The Dispute between a man and his Ba or The Debate Between a Man and his Soul is an ancient Egyptian text dating to the Middle Kingdom. The text is considered to fall into the genre of Sebayt, a form of Egyptian wisdom literature. The text takes the form of a dialogue between a man struggling to come to terms with the hardship of life, and his ba soul. The original copy of the text consists of 155 columns of hieratic writing on the ''recto'' of Papyrus Berlin 3024.Lichtheim, 1973, p.163 This original manuscript is fragmented, with the beginning of the text missing. Further fragments were later published in 2017 including the previously absent beginning of the text. Due to the philosophical nature of the work, it has received significant scholarly attention and is widely considered one of the most important works of ancient Egyptian literature. The Ba soul The ancient Egyptian concept of the soul consisted of nine separate parts. Among these is the Ba, which is commonly tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Egyptian Religion
Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals that formed an integral part of ancient Egyptian culture. It centered on the Egyptians' interactions with many deities believed to be present in, and in control of the world. Rituals such as prayer and offerings were provided to the gods to gain their favor. Formal religious practice centered on the pharaohs, the rulers of Egypt, believed to possess divine powers by virtue of their positions. They acted as intermediaries between their people and the gods, and were obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain Ma'at, the order of the cosmos, and repel Isfet, which was chaos. The state dedicated enormous resources to religious rituals and to the construction of temples. Individuals could interact with the gods for their own purposes, appealing for help through prayer or compelling the gods to act through magic. These practices were distinct from, but closel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan H
Alan may refer to: People *Alan (surname), an English and Turkish surname *Alan (given name), an English given name **List of people with given name Alan ''Following are people commonly referred to solely by "Alan" or by a homonymous name.'' *Alan (Chinese singer) (born 1987), female Chinese singer of Tibetan ethnicity, active in both China and Japan *Alan (Mexican singer) (born 1973), Mexican singer and actor * Alan (wrestler) (born 1975), a.k.a. Gato Eveready, who wrestles in Asistencia Asesoría y Administración *Alan (footballer, born 1979) (Alan Osório da Costa Silva), Brazilian footballer *Alan (footballer, born 1998) (Alan Cardoso de Andrade), Brazilian footballer *Alan I, King of Brittany (died 907), "the Great" *Alan II, Duke of Brittany (c. 900–952) *Alan III, Duke of Brittany(997–1040) *Alan IV, Duke of Brittany (c. 1063–1119), a.k.a. Alan Fergant ("the Younger" in Breton language) *Alan of Tewkesbury, 12th century abbott *Alan of Lynn (c. 1348–1423), 15th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara Mertz
Barbara Louise Mertz (September 29, 1927 – August 8, 2013) was an American author who wrote under her own name as well as under the pseudonyms Elizabeth Peters and Barbara Michaels. In 1952, she received a PhD in Egyptology from the University of Chicago. While she was best known for her mystery and suspense novels, in the 1960s she authored two books on ancient Egypt, both of which have remained in print ever since. Biography Barbara Gross was born on September 29, 1927, in Canton, Illinois. She graduated from the University of Chicago with a bachelor's degree in 1947, a master's degree in 1950, and a PhD in Egyptology in 1952, having studied with John A. Wilson. She authored two books on ancient Egypt (both of which have been continuously in print since first publication), but primarily wrote mystery and suspense novels. She became a published writer in 1964. She was married to Richard Mertz for 19 years (1950–1969); the marriage ended in divorce. They had two childr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhenaten
Akhenaten (pronounced ), also spelled Echnaton, Akhenaton, ( egy, ꜣḫ-n-jtn ''ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy'', , meaning "Effective for the Aten"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Before the fifth year of his reign, he was known as Amenhotep IV ( egy, jmn-ḥtp, links=no, meaning "Amun is satisfied", Hellenized as ''Amenophis IV''). As a pharaoh, Akhenaten is noted for abandoning Egypt's traditional polytheism and introducing Atenism, or worship centered around Aten. The views of Egyptologists differ as to whether the religious policy was absolutely monotheistic, or whether it was monolatry, syncretistic, or henotheistic. This culture shift away from traditional religion was reversed after his death. Akhenaten's monuments were dismantled and hidden, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paatenemheb
Paatenemheb ("the Aten sin festival") was an ancient Egyptian official who served under pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten of the 18th Dynasty.King Horemheb as Amun-Re, Dyn. 18 on Virtual Egyptian Museum. Biography Son of a man named Ptahmay, Paatenemheb made his way into the ranks of the military to become commander-in-chief of Akhenaten’s army. His tomb is among those of the nobles in (TA24). It was barely started, a ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ka (Egyptian Soul)
The ancient Egyptians believed that a soul ( kꜣ and bꜣ; Egypt. pron. ka/ba) was made up of many parts. In addition to these components of the soul, there was the human body (called the ''ḥꜥ'', occasionally a plural '' ḥꜥw'', meaning approximately "sum of bodily parts"). According to ancient Egyptian creation myths, the god Atum created the world out of chaos, utilizing his own magic ( ḥkꜣ). Because the earth was created with magic, Egyptians believed that the world was imbued with magic and so was every living thing upon it. When humans were created, that magic took the form of the soul, an eternal force which resided in and with every human. The concept of the soul and the parts which encompass it has varied from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom, at times changing from one dynasty to another, from five parts to more. Most ancient Egyptian funerary texts reference numerous parts of the soul: Collectively, these spirits of a dead person were called the ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nebankh
Nebankh was an ancient Egyptian official of the Thirteenth Dynasty. He is one of the better known personalities of this period. Family Nebankh was the son of the ''steward'' Sobekhotep. His mother is named Hapyu. His brother Dedusobek Bebi was the father of queen Nubkhaes. Career King's Acquaintance At Konosso, an inscription listing the members of the royal family of Neferhotep I, also shows treasurer Senebi and king's acquaintance Nebankh. Another colleague was king's acquaintance Rehuankh. High Steward Under king Sobekhotep IV he became high steward. In this position he went on expeditions to the Wadi Hammamat and Wadi el-Hudi. Other attestations Nebankh is known from a high number of monuments, including rock inscriptions and several stelae and a statue, found at Abydos. His heart scarab The heart scarab is an oval, scarab artifact dating from ancient Egypt. Mostly an amulet, it was also used as jewelry, a memorializing artifact, or a grave good. The heart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miriam Lichtheim
Miriam Lichtheim (3 May 1914, Istanbul – 27 March 2004, Jerusalem) was a Turkish-born American-Israeli Egyptologist, known for her translations of ancient Egyptian texts. Biography Miriam was born in Istanbul on May 3, 1914, to Richard Lichtheim – a German-born Jewish politician, publicist, and notable Zionist – and his wife Irene (''née'' Hafter), a Sephardic Jew whose first language was Greek. Her older brother, born 1912, was the British Marxist journalist George Lichtheim. From 1913 to 1917 Richard Lichtheim was the successor to Victor Jacobson, representative of the Zionist World Organization in Istanbul. Due to suspicions of espionage, the Lichtheim family returned to Germany in 1919 following the end of World War I. In 1934, the family emigrated to Palestine, where Miriam studied under Hans Jakob Polotsky in the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. In a paper of recollections about her teacher she recalls that, at the beginning of the year, in Polotsky's Egyptian class t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Immortality Of Writers
The Immortality of Writers is an Ancient Egyptian wisdom text likely to have been used as an instructional work in schools. It is recorded on the verso side of the Chester Beatty IV papyrus (BM 10684) held in the British Museum. It is notable for its rationalist skeptical outlook, even more emphatic than in the Harper's Songs, regarding an afterlife. The scribe advises that writings of authors provide a more sure immortality than fine tombs."''Ancient Egyptian Literature''", Miriam Lichtheim, Volume II The New Kingdom, p. 175-178, University of California Press, 1976, The text is dated to the transition period between the 19th Dynasty The Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XIX), also known as the Ramessid dynasty, is classified as the second Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian New Kingdom period, lasting from 1292 BC to 1189 BC. The 19th Dynasty and the 20th Dynasty fur ... and the 20th Dynasty. ...Those writers known from the old days, the times just after the gods. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
