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Haqqi Al-Azm
Haqqi al-Azm ( ar, حقي العظم / ALA-LC: ''Ḥaqī al-‘Aẓm''; 1864, in Damascus – 1955) was a Syrian politician active during the late Ottoman period and during the First Syrian Republic. From 1932 to 1934, he served as Prime Minister of Syria under the presidency of Muhammad Ali Bey al-Abid. He was a co-founder of the Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization. Early life and education Haqqi al-Azm was born in Damascus, Ottoman Syria in 1864 to the prominent Al-Azm family. He was educated at the Lazarist missionary school in Damascus and later at the military academy in Istanbul. He began his career as a government clerk, but was soon promoted to the prestigious position of inspector-general at the Ministry of Awqaf. al-Azm was laid off in 1911 when the Turkish nationalist Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) seized control of the ministry in 1911. Ottoman political career al-Azm was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1912 Ottoman parliamentary e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Syria
The prime minister of Syria (Arabic: رئيس وزراء سوريا), formally titled the president of the Council of Ministers ( ar, رئيس مجلس الوزراء), is the head of government of the Syrian Arab Republic. Nomination The prime minister is appointed by the president of Syria, along with other ministers and members of the government that the new prime minister recommends. The People's Assembly of Syria then approve the legislative program of the new government, before the new government formally take office. There are no constitutional limits on a prime minister's term, and several of them served multiple non-consecutive terms. Powers and removal Powers: *Enforcing laws *Supervising government bodies *Passing administrative decisions *Advising the president *Overseeing the Cabinet Removal: *Upon dismissal by the president *Upon submission of resignation to the president *Upon removal or resignation of the president *Upon a vote of no-confidence by the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Nationalism
Turkish nationalism ( tr, Türk milliyetçiliği) is a political ideology that promotes and glorifies the Turkish people, as either a Turkey#Demographics, national, Turkish people, ethnic, or Turkish language, linguistic group. The term "ultranationalism" is often used to describe Turkish nationalism. History After the Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire, fall of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk came to power. He introduced a language reform with the aim to "cleanse" the Turkish language of foreign influence. He also promoted the Sun Language Theory in Turkish political and educational circles from 1935. Turkish researchers at the time like Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın and Rıfat Osman Bey also came up with the idea that Early Sumerians were proto-Turks. Variants Ideologies associated with Turkish nationalism include Pan-Turkism or Turanism (a form of ethnic or racial essentialism or national mysticism), Turkish-Islamic synthesis (which combines Turkish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bloc (Syria)
The National Bloc ( ar, الكتلة الوطنية ''Al-Kutlah Al-Wataniyah''; French: ''Bloc national'') was a Syrian political party that emerged to fight for Syrian independence during the French Mandate of Syria period. History The party was created after a national conference in 1928, by Ibrahim Hananu. It was not a structured party but rather a coalition of parties hostile to the French presence in Syria. The Bloc was led by notable conservatives; land owners, tradesmen, lawyers, etc. This coalition gathered the fifty most rich and powerful families of Syria. The political involvement of these notable people in the struggle for independence is reminiscent of the political struggle carried out in their youth against the Ottoman Empire. The National Bloc had no precise ideology, nor a social and economic agenda. The main objective which drove the movement forward was to return Syria's independence through diplomatic and non-violent actions. Legacy Full independence for Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Gouraud (French Army Officer)
Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud (; 17 November 1867 – 16 September 1946) was a French general, best known for his leadership of the French Fourth Army at the end of the First World War. Following this, he became the first High Commissioner of the Levant (1919–1922) then Military governor of Paris (1923–1937). Early life Henri Gouraud was born on Rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement of Paris to Doctor Xavier Gouraud and Marie Portal, the first of six children. The Gouraud family originally came from Vendée, but had left during the French Revolution for Angers, then Paris. Gouraud was educated at home and at the Collège Stanislas de Paris. His decision for a military career was, like many Frenchmen of his generation, motivated by the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). Gouraud entered the Saint Cyr Military Academy in 1888 as part of the "Grand Triomphe" promotion, a well-chosen name as it included sixty future generals. He graduated in 1890 an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Commissioners Of Syria And Lebanon
The High Commissioner of France in the Levant (french: haut-commissaire de France au Levant; ar, المندوب السامي الفرنسي على سورية ولبنان), named after 1941 the General Delegate of Free France in the Levant (french: délégué général de la France libre au Levant), was the highest ranking authority representing France in the French-mandated countries of Syria and Lebanon. Its office was based in Beirut, Lebanon. List of High Commissioners of France in the Levant List of General Delegates of Free France in the Levant See also *Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (french: Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; ar, الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان, al-intidāb al-fransi 'ala suriya wa-lubnān) (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate foun ... References World Statesmen – Syria {{DEFAULTSORT:High Commissioners Of Syria And Lebanon Syria diplomacy-related lists Lebanon di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quneitra
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State Of Damascus
The State of Damascus (french: État de Damas; ar, دولة دمشق ') was one of the six states established by the French General Henri Gouraud in the French Mandate of Syria which followed the San Remo conference of 1920 and the defeat of King Faisal's short-lived monarchy in Syria. The other states were the State of Aleppo (1920), the State of Alawites (1920), the State of Jabal Druze (1921), and The Sanjak of Alexandretta (1921). The State of Greater Lebanon (1920) became later the modern country of Lebanon. Establishment The State of Damascus was declared by the French General Henri Gouraud on 3 September 1920, with Damascus as its capital. The first president of the new state was Haqqi Al-Azm. The state of Damascus included Damascus and its surrounding region, in addition to the cities of Homs, Hama and the Orontes river valley. The new Damascus state lost four Qada's (sub-districts) that had been part of the Vilayet (district) of Damascus during Ottoman time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Mandate Of Syria
The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (french: Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; ar, الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان, al-intidāb al-fransi 'ala suriya wa-lubnān) (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria (region), Syria and Lebanon. The mandate system was supposed to differ from colonialism, with the governing country intended to act as a trustee until the inhabitants were considered eligible for self-government. At that point, the mandate would terminate and an Sovereign state, independent state would be born. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918—and in accordance with the Sykes–Picot Agreement signed by United Kingdom, Britain and French Third Republic, France during the war—the British held control of most of Ottoman Iraq, Ottoman Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and the southern part of Ottoman Syria (Palesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arab Revolt
The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On the basis of the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, an agreement between the British government and Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, the revolt was officially initiated at Mecca on June 10, 1916. The aim of the revolt was to create a single unified and independent Arab state stretching from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen, which the British had promised to recognize. The Sharifian Army led by Hussein and the Hashemites, with military backing from the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force, successfully fought and expelled the Ottoman military presence from much of the Hejaz and Transjordan. The rebellion eventually took Damascus and set up the Arab Kingdom of Syria, a short-lived monarchy led by Faisal, a son of Hussein. Following the Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hijaz
The Hejaz (, also ; ar, ٱلْحِجَاز, al-Ḥijāz, lit=the Barrier, ) is a region in the west of Saudi Arabia. It includes the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif, and Baljurashi. It is also known as the "Western Province" in Saudi Arabia.Mackey, p. 101. "The Western Province, or the Hejaz .. It is bordered in the west by the Red Sea, in the north by Jordan, in the east by the Najd, and in the south by the 'Asir Region. Its largest city is Jeddah (the second largest city in Saudi Arabia), with Mecca and Medina being the fourth and fifth largest cities respectively in the country. The Hejaz is the most cosmopolitan region in the Arabian Peninsula. The Hejaz is significant for being the location of the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, the first and second holiest sites in Islam, respectively. As the site of the two holiest sites in Islam, the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape. The region of Hejaz is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Syrian Committee
The Central Syrian Committee () was an organization active during after World War I, seeking the independence and the unity of Syria. It lobbied for an autonomous and indivisible Syria extending from the Taurus mountains to the Isthmus of Suez, and from the Mediterranean to the banks of the Euphrates and beyond. The movement did not consider Palestine as a separate political entity. At the Versailles Peace Conference The Syrian Delegation met with the Supreme Council of the Versailles Peace Conference on February 13, 1919. The council consisted of Arthur James Balfour and Viscount Milner representing the British Empire, President Woodrow Wilson and Robert Lansing of the United States, French prime minister Georges Clemenceau and French Foreign Affairs Minister Stephen Pichon, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and Sydney Sonnino for Italy, and Matsui Keishirō for Japan. The Syrian delegation members were Chekri Ganem, the Central Syrian Committee's top representative, Anis Schehade, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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