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Central Syrian Committee
The Central Syrian Committee () was an organization active during after World War I, seeking the independence and the unity of Syria. It lobbied for an autonomous and indivisible Syria extending from the Taurus mountains to the Isthmus of Suez, and from the Mediterranean to the banks of the Euphrates and beyond. The movement did not consider Palestine as a separate political entity. At the Versailles Peace Conference The Syrian Delegation met with the Supreme Council of the Versailles Peace Conference on February 13, 1919. The council consisted of Arthur James Balfour and Viscount Milner representing the British Empire, President Woodrow Wilson and Robert Lansing of the United States, French prime minister Georges Clemenceau and French Foreign Affairs Minister Stephen Pichon, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and Sydney Sonnino for Italy, and Matsui Keishirō for Japan. The Syrian delegation members were Chekri Ganem, the Central Syrian Committee's top representative, Anis Schehade, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taurus Mountains
The Taurus Mountains ( Turkish: ''Toros Dağları'' or ''Toroslar'') are a mountain complex in southern Turkey, separating the Mediterranean coastal region from the central Anatolian Plateau. The system extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the east. It is a part of the Alpide belt in Eurasia. Etymology The mountain range under the current name was mentioned in ''The Histories'' by Polybius as Ταῦρος (''Taûros''). Heinrich Kiepert writes in ''Lehrbuch der alten Geographie'' that the name was borrowed into Ancient Greek from the Semitic (Old Aramaic) root טורא ''ṭūrā'', meaning "mountain". Geography The Taurus mountains are divided into three chains from west to east as follows; * Western Taurus (Batı Toroslar) *Central Taurus (Orta Toroslar) *Southeastern Taurus (Güneydoğu Toroslar) Western Taurus The Western Taurus Mountains form an arc around the Gulf of Antalya. It includes th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Pichon
Stephen Jean-Marie Pichon (10 August 1857 – 18 September 1933, Vers-en-Montagne) was a French journalist, diplomat and politician of the Third Republic. The Avenue Stéphen-Pichon in Paris is named after him. Life Stephen Jean-Marie Pichon was born on 10 August 1857 in Arnay-le-Duc, Côte-d'Or. He served as French Minister to China (1897–1900), including the period of the Boxer Uprising. Stephen Pichon was appointed Resident-General of the Tunisian Protectorate in 1901, replacing Georges Benoit. In 1906 he was succeeded by Gabriel Alapetite. An associate of Georges Clemenceau, he served several times under Clemenceau and others as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Stephen Pichon in Paris managed the French agreement with transformation of Czechoslovak National Council to the Provisional Czechoslovak government on 26 September 1918 (when Edvard Beneš received confirmation of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk from Washington). His most notable service was under Clemenceau during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Samné
Georges Samné (also Georges Samneh ; May 15, 1877 – December 9, 1938) was a Syrian nationalist Francophone medical doctor, intellectual, French colonial publicist, and writer. In 1917, he co-founded the '' Comité Central Syrien'' together with Chekri Ganem Biography Samné was born in Mansura, Egypt, on May 15, 1877, to Greek Orthodox parents of Syrian descent. Samné participated in scholarly and political societies, where he debated the unique role of French colonialism and expansion in the acculturation of the world. He pushed for the French expansion into the Orient. During World War I, he served as advisor to the French government for Syrian affairs, lobbying for the cessation of Greater Syria from the Ottoman Empire. Samné was a supporter of French colonialism. He believed that a universal approach to treating diseases does not suit colonialized peoples, and touted the role of "French women" in spreading "woman to woman" hygiene and public health education to colo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamil Mardam Bey
Jamil Mardam Bey ( ota, جميل مردم بك; tr, Cemil Mardam Bey; 1895–1960), was a Syrian politician. He was born in Damascus to a prominent aristocratic family. He is a descendant of the Ottoman general, statesman and Grand Vizier Lala Mustafa Pasha and the penultimate Mamluk ruler Qansuh al Ghuri. He studied at the school of Political Science in Paris and it was there that his political career started. Early political life Al-Fatat was a secret society founded in response to the nationalist agenda of the Young Turks Revolution in 1908, that gave priority to Turks above other citizens of the Ottoman Empire. Jamil Mardam Bey along with a small group of other students in Paris joined al-Fatat in 1911. The society called on Arab and Turkish citizens to remain united within the Ottoman framework, but claimed that Arabs should have rights and obligations equal to their Turkish counterparts. Mardam Bey helped organise the Arab Congress of 1913 in Paris, bringing together ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chekri Ganem
Chekri Ganem ( / ALA-LC: Šukrī ibn Ibrāhīm Ġānim, sometimes spelled "Chekri Ghanem", "Shukri Ghanim"; 1861 – 3 May 1929) was an influential Francophonie, Francophone Lebanese intellectual, writer, playwright, poet, and journalist. He was a leading political activist in the Syro-Lebanese diaspora, whose ideas and literary works contributed to the evolution of the Syrian and Lebanese nationalism. Ganem was a proponent of Lebanon's independence from the Ottoman Empire. He left his native Lebanon, traveling to Egypt, Tunisia, Florence, and Austria before settling in Paris where he published political poetry and critically acclaimed theatrical plays. He is considered the founding fathers of Francophone Lebanese literature. Early life and education Ganem was born on 14 September 1861 in Beirut, then part of the Ottoman Empire, to a well-to-do Maronites, Maronite family from Lehfed. He grew up in the midst of rising sectarianism and mass emigration, following the 1860 civil con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matsui Keishirō
was a Japanese statesman and diplomat. Biography Matsui was a native of Osaka Prefecture, and a graduate of the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University in 1889. He entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the same year. In 1890, he was assigned to the Japanese embassy in Seoul, Korea, and in 1895 was assigned to the Japanese embassy in the United States. In 1898, he was promoted to the position of First Secretary at the Japanese Embassy in London, United Kingdom. In 1902, he was reassigned to the Japanese embassy in Peking, China, returning to Japan in 1913. During the First World War, served as Japanese Ambassador to France and was a plenipotentiary at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. On the successful completion of this mission, he was awarded with the title of baron (''danshaku'') under the ''kazoku'' peerage system. He served as Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 7 to June 11, 1924, under the administration of Kiyoura Keigo and was also appointed a member of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sydney Sonnino
Sidney Costantino, Baron Sonnino (11 March 1847 – 24 November 1922) was an Italian statesman, 19th prime minister of Italy and twice served briefly as one, in 1906 and again from 1909 to 1910. In 1901, he founded a new major newspaper, ''Il Giornale d'Italia''. Opposition and Prime Minister In response to the social reforms presented by Prime Minister Giuseppe Zanardelli in November 1902,Proposed Reforms In Italy; Government Formulates Its Social Programme The New York Times, November 15, 1902 Sonnino introduced a reform bill to alleviate poverty in southern Italy that provided for a reduction of the land tax in Sicily, Calabria and Sardinia; the facilitation of agricultural credit; the re-establishment of the system of perpetual lease for smallholding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (19 May 1860 – 1 December 1952) was an Italian statesman, who served as the Prime Minister of Italy from October 1917 to June 1919. Orlando is best known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. He was also known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I.Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Incarichi di governo Parlamento italiano (Accessed May 8, 2016) He was also the provisional between 1943 and 1945 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (, also , ; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A key figure of the Independent Radicals, he was a strong advocate of separation of church and state, amnesty of the Communards exiled to New Caledonia, as well as opposition to colonisation. Clemenceau, a physician turned journalist, played a central role in the politics of the Third Republic, most notably successfully leading France through the end of the First World War. After about 1,400,000 French soldiers were killed between the German invasion and Armistice, he demanded a total victory over the German Empire. Clemenceau stood for reparations, a transfer of colonies, strict rules to prevent a rearming process, as well as the restitution of Alsace–Lorraine, which had been annexed to Germany in 1871. He achieved these goals through the Treaty of Versailles signed at the Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isthmus Of Suez
The Isthmus of Suez is the land bridge"Suez Canal." Accessed April 2014. |
Robert Lansing
Robert Lansing (; October 17, 1864 – October 30, 1928) was an American lawyer and diplomat who served as Counselor to the State Department at the outbreak of World War I, and then as United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson from 1915 to 1920. A conservative pro-business Democrat, he was a strong advocate of democracy and of the United States' role in establishing international law. He was an avowed enemy of German autocracy and Russian Bolshevism. Before U.S. involvement in the war, Lansing vigorously advocated freedom of the seas and the rights of neutral nations. He later advocated U.S. participation in World War I, negotiated the Lansing–Ishii Agreement with Japan in 1917 and was a member of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace at Paris in 1919. However, Wilson made Colonel House his chief foreign policy advisor because Lansing privately opposed much of the Treaty of Versailles and was skeptical of the Wilsonian principle of self-determination. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I in 1917. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism. Wilson grew up in the American South, mainly in Augusta, Georgia, during the Civil War and Reconstruction. After earning a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University, Wilson taught at various colleges before becoming the president of Princeton University and a spokesman for progressivism in higher education. As governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, Wilson broke with party bosse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
