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Haplogroup Z
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Origin Haplogroup Z is believed to have arisen in Central Asia, and is a descendant of haplogroup CZ. Distribution The greatest clade diversity of haplogroup Z is found in East Asia and Central Asia. However, its greatest frequency appears in some peoples of Russia, such as Evens from Kamchatka (8/39 Z1a2a, 3/39 Z1a3, 11/39 = 28.2% Z total) and from Berezovka, Srednekolymsky District, Sakha Republic (3/15 Z1a3, 1/15 Z1a2a, 4/15 = 26.7% Z total), and among the Saami people of northern Scandinavia. With the exception of three Khakasses who belong to Z4, two Yakut who belong to Z3a1, two Yakut, a Yakutian Evenk, a Buryat, and an Altai Kizhi who belong to Z3(xZ3a, Z3c),Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, ''et al.'', "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia." ''BMC Evolutionary Biology' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Haplogroup
In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread around the globe. The letter names of the haplogroups (not just mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) run from A to Z. As haplogroups were named in the order of their discovery, the alphabetical ordering does not have any meaning in terms of actual genetic relationships. The hypothetical woman at the root of all these groups (meaning just the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living humans. She is commonly called Mitochondrial Eve. The rate at which mitochondrial DNA mutates is known as the mitoch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplogroup CZ (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, the Haplogroup CZ is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Origin Haplogroup CZ is a descendant of haplogroup M8 and is a parent to the haplogroups C and Z. The C and Z subclades share a common ancestor dated to approximately 36,500 years ago.Behar et al., 2012b Distribution Today, CZ is found in eastern Asian, Central Asian, Siberian, indigenous American, and European populations, and is most common in Siberian populations. It is recognized by a genetic marker at 249d. Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup CZ subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ''Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation'' and subsequent published research. *M **M8 ***CZ ****C ****Z See also *Genealogical DNA test *Genetic genealogy *Human mitochondrial genetics *Population genetics *Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Västerbotten County
Västerbotten County ( sv, Västerbottens län) is a county or ''län'' in the north of Sweden. It shares the borders with the counties of Västernorrland, Jämtland, and Norrbotten, as well as the Norwegian county of Nordland and the Gulf of Bothnia. Its capital is Umeå that houses about half of the population when combined together with the largest town in the northern part Skellefteå. The two municipalities themselves are making up the majority of the population. The county has vast wilderness areas and Västerbotten County has a land area larger than Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland. Provinces ''For history, geography, and culture, see: Västerbotten, Lapland, and Ångermanland'' Västerbotten County covers the province of Västerbotten and parts of the provinces Lapland and Ångermanland. Prior to 1809, though, it covered much more extensive space. Administration The main aim of the County Administrative Board is to fulfil the goals set in national politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deng People
Deng may refer to: * Deng (company), is a Danish engineering, electrical, solar power and sales company in Accra, Ghana * Deng (state), an ancient Chinese state * Deng (Chinese surname), originated from the state ** Deng Xiaoping, paramount leader of China 1978-1989 * Deng (Sudanese name) * Deng (ethnic group), an ethnic group of Tibet * Another name for the Mayan god Denka * Doctor of Engineering The Doctor of Engineering, or Engineering Doctorate, (abbreviated DEng, EngD, or Dr-Ing) is a degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and a practical project in the engineering and applied science for solving problems in the industry. In th ... degree, D.Eng. * the sky god of the Dinka religion * an alien race from the Bolo universe See also * Dengue fever * Denge (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibe People
The Sibe or Xibo (, , ; ), are a Tungusic-speaking East Asian ethnic group living mostly in Xinjiang, Jilin and Shenyang in Liaoning. The Sibe form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by China, and had a recorded population of 190,481 in the 2010 Chinese Census, comprising just over 0.014% of China's total population. Nomenclature The Sibe are known by several variations of their name. The self-appellation of the Sibe people is pronounced ''Śivə'', the official Chinese term is ''Xibo'', in Russian literature the terms Сибинцы (sibintsy) and Шибинцы (shibintsy) are used, while in English works the name ''Sibe'' has been established, which corresponds to the written form. History According to the Russian scholar Elena P. Lebedeva, the Sibe people originated as a southern, Tungusic-speaking offshoot of the ancient Shiwei people. They lived in small town-like settlements, a portion of them nomadic, in the Songyuan and Qiqihar areas of what is now J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaiyaphum Province
Chaiyaphum ( th, ชัยภูมิ, ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (''changwat''), located in central northeastern Thailand , also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Khon Kaen, Nakhon Ratchasima, Lopburi, and Phetchabun. Toponymy The word ''chaiya'' originates from the Sanskrit word ''jaya'' meaning 'victory', and the word ''phum'' from Sanskrit ''bhumi'' meaning 'earth' or 'land'. Hence the name of the province literally means 'land of victory'. The Malay/Indonesian/Sanskrit word ''jayabumi'' is equivalent. Geography The province is bisected by the Phetchabun mountain range, with the highest elevation in the province at 1,222 m. The east of the province is part of the Khorat Plateau. The total forest area is or 31.4 percent of provincial area. Tat Ton National Park is in the northwest, featuring some scenic waterfalls and dry dipterocarp forests. The biggest attraction of the Sai Thong National Park in the west is the Sai Thong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isan People
The Isan people ( th, คนอีสาน, , ; lo, ຄົນອີສານ; my, အီသန် လူမျိုး) or literally Northeastern people are an ethnic group group native to Northeastern Thailand with an estimated population of about 22 million. Alternative terms for this group are ''T(h)ai Isan'', ''Thai-Lao'', ''Lao Isan'', or ''Isan Lao''. Like Central Thai (Siamese) and Lao, they belong to the linguistic family of Tai peoples. In a broader sense, everyone who comes from the 20 northeastern provinces of Thailand may be called ''khon isan''. In the narrower sense, the term refers only to the ethnic Lao who make up the majority population in most parts of the region. After the failed Lao Rebellion in 1826, the region witnessed mass forced population transfers of ethnic Lao into Isan. Following the separation of Isan from the historical Lao Kingdom, its integration into the Thai nation state and the central government's policy of " Thaification", they have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomponsky District
Tomponsky District (russian: Томпонский улу́с; sah, Томпо улууһа, ''Tompo uluuha'') is an administrativeConstitution of the Sakha Republic and municipalLaw #172-Z #351-III district (raion, or ''ulus''), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Momsky District in the northeast, Oymyakonsky District in the east, Ust-Maysky District in the southeast, Tattinsky District in the southwest, Ust-Aldansky and Kobyaysky Districts in the west, and with Verkhoyansky District in the north and northwest. The area of the district is .Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Divisions of the Sakha Republic Its administrative center is the urban locality (a settlement) of Khandyga. Population: 15,275 ( 2002 Census); The population of Khandyga accounts for 47.1% of the district's total population. Geography The landscape of the district is mostly mountainous. Its main rivers include the Aldan, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyukzha
The Nyukzha (russian: Нюкжа) is a river in Amur Oblast and Transbaikalia, East Siberia, Russian Federation. It is the second largest tributary of the Olyokma river in terms of length and area of its basin. The Nyukzha is long and has a drainage basin of . There are a number of inhabited places close to the banks of the river, including Ust-Urkima, Lopcha, Chilchi, Ust-Nyukzha, Larba and Yuktali, mostly with a significant Evenk population. A section of the Baikal–Amur Mainline passes along the river valley. / '':'' in 30 vols. / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. The river is a destination for |
Batagay-Alyta
Batagay-Alyta (russian: Батагай-Алыта; sah, Баатаҕай Алыыта, ''Baatağay Alııta'', ), also known as Sakkyryr (russian: Саккырыр; sah, Саккырыыр, ''Saqqırıır'', ) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') and the administrative center of Eveno-Bytantaysky National District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. Its population as of the 2010 Census was 1,832. Geography Batagay-Alyta is located on the eastern flank of the Verkhoyansk Range, and southeast of the southern end of the Sietinden Range and southwest of the Kular Range. The town lies about to the north of the capital Yakutsk and a few kilometers from the left bank of the Ulakhan-Sakkyryr River, a tributary of the Bytantay. History It was founded in 1936 as the administrative center for the then newly created Sakkyryrsky District. It lost this function with the dissolution of the district in 1963, but regained it with the creation of Eveno-Bytantaysky District in 1989. Demographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rapla County
Rapla County ( et, Rapla maakond or ''Raplamaa'') is one of the fifteen counties of Estonia. It is situated in the western part of the country and borders Järva County to the east, Pärnu County to the south, Lääne County to the west, and Harju County to the north. In January 2021 Rapla County had a population of 33,116 – constituting 2.5% of the total population of Estonia. History The first written records of Rapla date back to the 1241 Danish census (''Liber Census Daniae''). County government The County Government (Estonian: ''Maavalitsus'') is led by a governor (Estonian: ''maavanem''), who is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Since 2009, the Governor position is held by Tiit Leier. Municipalities The county is subdivided into municipalities. There are 4 rural municipalities (Estonian: ''vallad'' – parishes) in Rapla County: Geography Natural resources found in Rapla county include limestone, dolomite, peat, and clay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Finland Province
Eastern Finland ( fi, Itä-Suomen lääni, sv, Östra Finlands län) was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Oulu, Western Finland and Southern Finland. It also bordered Russia to the east. History On September 1, 1997, the Mikkeli Province, the Kuopio Province and Northern Karelia Province were joined to form the new Eastern Finland Province. All the provinces of Finland were abolished on January 1, 2010. Administration The State Provincial Office was a joint regional authority of seven different ministries. It promoted national and regional objectives of the State central administration. Eastern Finland State Provincial Office had branch offices in Mikkeli, Joensuu, and Kuopio. Regions Eastern Finland was divided into three regions: *North Karelia (''Pohjois-Karjala / Norra Karelen'') *Northern Savonia (''Pohjois-Savo / Norra Savolax'') *Southern Savonia (''Etelä-Savo / Södra Savolax'') Municipalities in 2009 (cities in bold) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
