Halorubrum Lacusprofundi
''Halorubrum lacusprofundi'' is a rod-shaped, halophilic Archaeon in the family of Halorubraceae. It was first isolated from Deep Lake in Antarctica in the 1980s. Genome Several strains of ''H. lacusprofundi'' have been discovered. The genome sequencing of the strain ACAM 32 was completed in 2008. The organism's genome consists of two circular chromosomes and a single circular plasmid. Chromosome I contains 2,735,295 base pairs encoding 2,801 genes and chromosome II contains 525,943 base pairs encoding 522 genes. The single plasmid contains 431,338 base pairs encoding 402 genes. At least one strain of ''H. lacusprofundi'' (R1S1) contains a plasmid (pR1SE) that enables horizontal gene transfer, which takes place via a mechanism that uses vesicle-enclosed virus-like particles. Research Its β-galactosidase enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, ...
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Archaea
Archaea ( ; singular archaeon ) is a domain of single-celled organisms. These microorganisms lack cell nuclei and are therefore prokaryotes. Archaea were initially classified as bacteria, receiving the name archaebacteria (in the Archaebacteria kingdom), but this term has fallen out of use. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains, Bacteria and Eukaryota. Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized phyla. Classification is difficult because most have not been isolated in a laboratory and have been detected only by their gene sequences in environmental samples. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat, square cells of ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably for the enzymes involved ...
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