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Habronematoidea
Habronematoidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in the large order Spirurida. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Though none of the families placed here are overly diverse, they are quite large except for the monotypic Hedruridae. Consequently, the Habronematoidea are at present the second-largest superfamily of Spirurida, after the Filarioidea which contains the massively speciose Onchocercidae The Onchocercidae are a family of nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea. This family includes some of the most devastating human parasitic diseases, such as lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, and other filariases. Represent .... The families of the Habronematoidea are: * Cystidicolidae * Habronematidae * Hedruridae * Tetrameridae References Spirurida Animal superfamilies {{Secernentea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirurida
Spirurida is an order of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Some Spirurida, like the genus ''Gongylonema'', can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection with Spirurida larvae, called "creeping disease". Some species are known as eyeworms and infect the orbital cavity of animal hosts. Systematics The Camallanida are sometimes included herein as a suborder, and the Drilonematida are sometimes placed here as a superfamily. There are doubts about the internal systematics of the Spirurida, and some groups placed herein might belong to other spirurian or even secernentean lineages.ToL (2002) The following superfamilies are at least provisionally placed in the Spirurida: * Acuarioidea * Aproctoidea * Diplotriaenoidea * Filarioidea * Gnathostomatoidea * Habronematoidea * Physalopteroidea * Rictularioidea * Spiruroidea * Thelazioidea Thelazioidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetrameridae
Tetrameridae is a family (biology), family of spirurian nematodes. It is the smallest of the large genera making up the bulk of the Taxonomic rank, superfamily Habronematoidea. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory system, circulatory nor a respiratory system. They are parasites, chiefly of birds and cetaceans. This family contains the largest known nematode: ''Placentonema gigantissima'' is several meters long and has been found in the placenta of the sperm whale (''Physeter catodon''). Systematics The Tetrameridae number about half a dozen genera only, but some are rather speciose; the type genus ''Tetrameres'' contains a lot of species even by nematode standards. While it might be lumpers and splitters, overlumped, as presently delimited about half of the more than 100 species of Tetrameridae are placed in it. Subfamily Crassicaudinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926 * ''Crassicauda'' Robert Thomson Leiper, Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 * ''Placentonema'' Gubanov, 1951 Subfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystidicolidae
Cystidicolidae is a family of spirurian nematodes. It was created by Skrjabin in 1946. All members of the family are parasites of fish. Systematics According to the World Register of Marine Species, the family Cystidicolidae includes the following genera: * '' Ascarophis'' Van Beneden, 1871 Van Beneden, P. J. (1871). Les poissons des côtes de Belgique, leurs parasites et leurs commensaux. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 38, 1-156PDF in BHL * '' Ascarophisnema'' Moravec & Justine, 2010 * '' Caballeronema'' Margolis, 1977 * '' Capillospirura'' Skrjabin, 1924 * '' Collarinema'' Sey, 1970 Sey, O. (1970). ''Collarinema triglae'' gen. et sp. nov. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the red gurnard (''Trigla lyra'' L.) in the Adriatic Sea, Yugoslavia. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 16(1/2), 209-214. * '' Comephoronema'' Layman, 1933 Layman E.M. 1933. arasitic worms of fishes of Lake Baikal Trudy Baikalskoy Limnologicheskoy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moravecnema Segonzaci
''Moravecnema'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes, belonging to the family Cystidicolidae. Species of ''Moravecnema'' are parasitic as adults in the gastrointestinal tract of fish. According to the World Register of Marine Species, the genus currently (2019) includes a single species, ''Moravecnema segonzaci'',Bezerra, T.N.; Decraemer, W.; Eisendle-Flöckner, U.; Hodda, M.; Holovachov, O.; Leduc, D.; Miljutin, D.; Mokievsky, V.; Peña Santiago, R.; Sharma, J.; Smol, N.; Tchesunov, A.; Venekey, V.; Zeng, Z.; Vanreusel, A. (2019). Nemys: World Database of Nematodes. MoravecnemaJustine, Cassone & Petter, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=390864 on 2019-01-05 which is a parasite in a deep-sea fish. Description The genus ''Moravecnema'' is characterised by a dorsoventrally elongated oral opening, rudimentary pseudolabia, and four pairs of precloacal and six pairs of postcloacal caudal papillae in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filarioidea
The Filarioidea are a Taxonomic rank, superfamily of highly Generalist and specialist species, specialised Parasitism, parasitic nematodes. Species within this superfamily are known as filarial worms or filariae (singular filaria). Infections with parasitic filarial worms cause disease conditions generically known as filariasis. Drugs against these worms are known as filaricides. Introduction Filarioidea all are Generalist and specialist species, specialised parasites and the Host (biology), definitive host is always a vertebrate, a mammal, bird, reptile or amphibian, but ''not'' a fish. The Host (biology), intermediate host is always an arthropod. Most of Filarioidea parasitise wild species, birds in particular, but some, especially in the family Onchocercidae, attack mammals, including humans and some domestic animals. Conditions that result from parasitism by Onchocercidae include some of the most troublesome diseases of the warmer regions, including Onchocerciasis, river blin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, a monotypic genus is a genus in the special case where a genus and a single species are simultaneously described. In contrast, an oligotypic taxon contains more than one but only a very few subordinate taxa. Examples Just as the term ''monotypic'' is used to describe a taxon including only one subdivision, the contained taxon can also be referred to as monotypic within the higher-level taxon, e.g. a genus monotypic within a family. Some examples of monotypic groups are: Plants * In the order Amborellales, there is only one family, Amborellaceae and there is only one genus, '' Amborella'', and in this genus there is only one species, namely ''Amborella trichopoda. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Respiratory System
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary history. In land animals the respiratory surface is internalized as linings of the lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in millions of small air sacs; in mammals and reptiles these are called alveoli, and in birds they are known as atria. These microscopic air sacs have a very rich blood supply, thus bringing the air into close contact with the blood. These air sacs communicate with the external environment via a system of airways, or hollow tubes, of which the largest is the trachea, which branches in the middle of the chest into the two main bronchi. These enter the lungs where they branch into progressively narrower secondary and tert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circulatory System
The blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek ''kardia'' meaning ''heart'', and from Latin ''vascula'' meaning ''vessels''). The circulatory system has two divisions, a systemic circulation or circuit, and a pulmonary circulation or circuit. Some sources use the terms ''cardiovascular system'' and ''vascular system'' interchangeably with the ''circulatory system''. The network of blood vessels are the great vessels of the heart including large elastic arteries, and large veins; other arteries, smaller arterioles, capillaries that join with venules (small veins), and other veins. The Closed circulatory system, circulatory system is closed in vertebrates, which means that the blood never leaves the network of blood vessels. Some in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with Arthropod, arthropods, Tardigrade, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike platyhelminthe, flatworms, have tubular digestion, digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (biology)
Order ( la, wikt:ordo#Latin, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiruria
Subclass Spiruria comprises mostly parasitic secernentean nematodes. In an alternate classification, they are treated as suborder Spirurina, with the orders listed here being ranked as infraorders. The Ascaridida and the Oxyurida, which include worms that infect many mammals (including marine mammals), are sometimes placed in subclass Rhabditia. But that seems as spurious as the erstwhile placement of the Rhigonematida in subclass Tylenchia. The Camallanida and Drilonematida are sometimes included in the Spirurida as suborder and superfamily, respectively.ToL (2002) Some important species *Giant roundworm (''Ascaris lumbricoides''), causes ascariasis in humans *''Toxocara canis'', parasite of dogs *''Anisakis'', responsible for the human disease Anisakiasis ''Anisakis'' (a·nuh·saa·keez) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
