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HDOS
HDOS is an early microcomputer operating system, originally written for the Heathkit H8 computer system and later also available for the Heathkit H89 and Zenith Z-89 computers. The author was Heath Company employee Gordon Letwin, who later was an early employee of Microsoft and lead architect of OS/2. HDOS originally came with a limited set of system software tools, including an assembler, but many commercial and large set of freeware programs from HUG (Heath User Group) became available for it eventually. HDOS 2.0 is notable because it was one of the first microcomputer operating systems to use loadable device drivers to achieve a degree of device independence and extensibility. Device names followed the RSX-11-style convention of DKn: where the first two letters were the device driver file name and n was a number (DK0:, DK1:, and so on would all be handled by DK.SYS). Other similarities to RSX included the use of PIP for file transfer, and the use of EOT for file termination ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TYPE (DOS Command)
In computing, is a command in various command-line interpreters ( shells) such as COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, 4DOS/ 4NT and Windows PowerShell used to display the contents of specified files on the computer terminal. The analogous Unix command is . Implementations The command is available in the operating systems DEC RT-11, OS/8,"Concise Command Language" (CCL). RSX-11, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, VMS, Digital Research CP/M, MP/M, MetaComCo TRIPOS, Heath Company HDOS, AmigaDOS, DOS, FlexOS, TSL PC-MOS, SpartaDOS X, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, AROS, and SymbOS. The type command is supported by Tim Paterson's SCP 86-DOS. On MS-DOS, the command is available in versions 1 and later. DR DOS 6.0 also includes an implementation of the command. It is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and the EFI shell. In Windows PowerShell, ' is a predefined command alias for the Cmdlet which basically serves the same purpose. originated as an inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Help (command)
In computing, help is a command in various command line shells such as COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, Bash, qshell, 4DOS/ 4NT, Windows PowerShell, Singularity shell, Python, MATLAB and GNU Octave. It provides online information about available commands and the shell environment. Implementations The command is available in operating systems such as Multics, Heath Company HDOS, DOS, IBM OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, IBM i, Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, THEOS/OASIS, Zilog Z80-RIO, Microware OS-9, Stratus OpenVOS, HP MPE/iX, Motorola VERSAdos, KolibriOS and also in the DEC RT-11, RSX-11, TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 operating systems. Furthermore it is available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox and in the EFI shell. On Unix, the command is part of the Source Code Control System and prints help information for the SCCS commands. Multics The Multics help command prints descriptions of system commands/active functions and subroutines. It also prints various information about the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heathkit H89
The Z-89 is a personal computer produced by Zenith Data Systems (ZDS) in the early 1980s. Description The Zenith Z-89 is based on the Zilog Z80 microprocessor running at 2.048 MHz, and supports the HDOS and CP/M operating systems. The US$2295 Z-89 is integrated in a terminal-like enclosure with a non-detachable keyboard, 12-inch monochrome CRT with a 80x25 screen, 48 KB RAM, and a 5.25" floppy disk drive. The keyboard is of high build quality and has an unusual number of special purpose keys: REPEAT, ESC, TAB, CAPS, CTRL, SCROLL, RESET, BREAK, BACK SPACE, LINE FEED, DELETE, REPEAT, and two with red and blue squares. There are five function keys and a numeric keypad. The video display has reverse video and block graphics are available. The computer has two small card cages inside the cabinet on either side of the CRT, each of which accept up to three proprietary circuit cards. Upgrade cards available for this included disk controller cards (see below), a 16 KB RAM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zenith Z-89
The Z-89 is a personal computer produced by Zenith Data Systems (ZDS) in the early 1980s. Description The Zenith Z-89 is based on the Zilog Z80 microprocessor running at 2.048 MHz, and supports the HDOS and CP/M operating systems. The US$2295 Z-89 is integrated in a terminal-like enclosure with a non-detachable keyboard, 12-inch monochrome CRT with a 80x25 screen, 48 KB RAM, and a 5.25" floppy disk drive. The keyboard is of high build quality and has an unusual number of special purpose keys: REPEAT, ESC, TAB, CAPS, CTRL, SCROLL, RESET, BREAK, BACK SPACE, LINE FEED, DELETE, REPEAT, and two with red and blue squares. There are five function keys and a numeric keypad. The video display has reverse video and block graphics are available. The computer has two small card cages inside the cabinet on either side of the CRT, each of which accept up to three proprietary circuit cards. Upgrade cards available for this included disk controller cards (see below), a 16 KB RAM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heathkit H8
Heathkit's H8 is an Intel 8080A-based microcomputer sold in kit form starting in 1977. The H8 is similar to the S-100 bus computers of the era, and like those machines is often used with the CP/M operating system on floppy disk. The main difference between the H8 and S-100 machines is the bus; the H8 uses a 50-pin bus design that was smaller, more robust and better engineered electrically. The machine also includes a bootstrap ROM that makes it easier to start up, including code for running basic input/output and allowing input through a front-mounted octal keypad and front panel display, instead of the binary switches and lights used on machines like the Altair 8800. The H8 requires a separate terminal to be truly useful; Heathkit introduced several terminals as well. A successor model, the "All-in-One" Heathkit H89, combines a Z-80 processor board and a floppy disk drive into the cabinet of an Heathkit H19 terminal. This model also was sold in fully assembled form as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Letwin
James Gordon Letwin (born July 2, 1952) is an American software developer and one of the eleven early Microsoft employees who posed for an iconic staff portrait taken in Albuquerque in 1978. Prior to joining Microsoft, he worked for Heathkit, porting ''Colossal Cave Adventure'' to the computer and working on HDOS and Benton Harbor BASIC. Letwin's first project at Microsoft was writing a BASIC compiler. He is most noted for being the lead architect of the OS/2 operating system on the Microsoft side, with Ed Iacobucci being the lead architect from IBM's side. Letwin contributed much of the design and code for several core components, including the HPFS file system. Letwin left Microsoft in 1993 to "kick back" with his wife. While at Microsoft he had become a millionaire, with a 2000 ''Time'' article estimating his worth at around $20 million. Since leaving Microsoft, Letwin has donated substantial amounts of money to environmental causes via the Wilburforce Foundation, a char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heathkit
Heathkit is the brand name of kits and other electronic products produced and marketed by the Heath Company. The products over the decades have included electronic test equipment, high fidelity home audio equipment, television receivers, amateur radio equipment, robots, electronic ignition conversion modules for early model cars with point style ignitions, and the influential Heath H-8, H-89, and H-11 hobbyist computers, which were sold in kit form for assembly by the purchaser. Heathkit manufactured electronic kits from 1947 until 1992. After closing that business, the Heath Company continued with its products for education, and motion-sensor lighting controls. The lighting control business was sold around 2000. The company announced in 2011 that they were reentering the kit business after a 20-year hiatus but then filed for bankruptcy in 2012,Swindwa, Julie"Disassembly complete: Heathkit is no more" ''The Herald-Palladium'', 19 July 2012 and under new ownership began restr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peripheral Interchange Program
Peripheral Interchange Program (PIP) was a utility to transfer files on and between devices on Digital Equipment Corporation's computers. It was first implemented on the PDP-6 architecture by Harrison "Dit" Morse early in the 1960s. It was subsequently implemented for DEC's operating systems for PDP-10, PDP-11, and PDP-8 architectures. In the 1970s and 1980s Digital Research implemented PIP on CP/M and MP/M. History It is said that during development it was named ATLATL, which is an acronym for "Anything, Lord to Anything, Lord." This humorously described both its purpose as a device-independent file copying tool and the difficulties at the time of safely copying files between devices. The original PIP syntax was PIP destinationāsource /switches using the left-arrow character from the ASCII-1963 character set that the Flexowriter keyboards of the time used. As other terminals were introduced that used later versions of ASCII (without the left-arrow character), PIP allowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heath Company
Heathkit is the brand name of kits and other electronic products produced and marketed by the Heath Company. The products over the decades have included electronic test equipment, high fidelity home audio equipment, television receivers, amateur radio equipment, robots, electronic ignition conversion modules for early model cars with point style ignitions, and the influential Heath H-8, H-89, and H-11 hobbyist computers, which were sold in kit form for assembly by the purchaser. Heathkit manufactured electronic kits from 1947 until 1992. After closing that business, the Heath Company continued with its products for education, and motion-sensor lighting controls. The lighting control business was sold around 2000. The company announced in 2011 that they were reentering the kit business after a 20-year hiatus but then filed for bankruptcy in 2012,Swindwa, Julie"Disassembly complete: Heathkit is no more" ''The Herald-Palladium'', 19 July 2012 and under new ownership began restru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COBOL
COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. However, due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain existing applications; however, many large financial institutions were still developing new systems in COBOL as late as 2006. COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on the programming language FLOW-MATIC designed by Grace Hopper. It was created as part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ren (command)
In computing, ren (or rename) is a command in various command-line interpreters ( shells) such as COMMAND.COM, cmd.exe, 4DOS, 4NT and Windows PowerShell. It is used to rename computer files and in some implementations (such as AmigaDOS) also directories. It is analogous to the Unix mv command. However, unlike mv, ren cannot be used to move files, as a new directory for the destination file may not be used. Alternatively, move may be used if available. On versions of MS-DOS that do not support the move command (older than 6.00), the user would simply copy the file to a new destination, and then delete the original file. A notable exception to this rule is DOSBox, in which ren may be used to move a file, since move is not supported. Implementations The command is available in the operating systems Digital Research CP/M, MP/M, Cromemco CDOS, MetaComCo TRIPOS, DOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, ReactOS, SymbOS, and DexOS. Multics includes a rename command to rename a directory en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
