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Hōjō Yasutoki
Hōjō Yasutoki (; 1183 – July 14, 1242) was the third ''shikken'' (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan. He strengthened the political system of the Hōjō regency. Life He was the eldest son of second ''shikken'' Hōjō Yoshitoki. According to ''Azuma Kagami'', he was liked by the first ''shōgun'', Minamoto no Yoritomo. In 1218, he became the chief (''bettō'') of the Board of Retainers (''samurai-dokoro''). In the Jōkyū War of 1221, he led shogunate forces against the imperial court in Kyoto. After his victory, he remained in Kyoto and set up the ''Rokuhara Tandai''. Yasutoki and his uncle Tokifusa became the first ''tandai''. When his father Yoshitoki and aunt Hōjō Masako died, he succeeded to become ''shikken'' in 1224. He installed Hōjō Tokifusa as the first ''rensho''. In 1225 he created the Hyōjō (), the council system of the shogunate. In 1232 he promulgated the ''Goseibai Shikimoku'', the legal code of the shogunate. He was highly praised for his imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shikken
The was a titular post held by a member of the Hōjō clan, officially a regent of the shogunate, from 1199 to 1333, during the Kamakura period, and so he was head of the ''bakufu'' (shogunate). It was part of the era referred to as . During roughly the first half of that period, the ''shikken'' was the ''de facto'' military dictator of Japan (not including the independent Northern Fujiwara). The title of ''shikken'' was modified, as second in command to the ''Tokusō'' in 1256, but by the Muromachi period (1333–1573) the position, though not abolished, did not even figure in the top ranks. The position ceased to exist after the Muromachi period. Etymology The word ''shikken'' is the on'yomi reading of the combination of the two kanji characters and , each meaning "to hold (something in the hand, or a service or ceremony); to administer", "power, authority" respectively. Therefore the word literally means "to hold power/authority". ''Shikken'' as supreme ruler (1199–1256) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samurai-dokoro
The ''Samurai-dokoro'' (侍所 - Board of Retainers) was an office of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates. The role of the ''Samurai-dokoro'' was to take the leadership of ''gokenin'', the shogun's retainers, and to be in charge of the imprisonment of criminals. It was established in 1180 by Minamoto no Yoritomo, the founder of the Kamakura shogunate. History Kamakura period During the Kamakura period, the ''Samurai-dokoro'' was in charge of calling in and directing the ''gokenin'', the shogun's retainers. It was also in charge of the imprisonment of criminals. The office was administered by officials called ''shoshi'' or ''samuraidokoro-no-tsukasa,'' who were made up from the most powerful ''gokenin''. The most senior of the officials, the president of the ''Samurai-dokoro'', was called ''bettō''. The office was established by Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1180, who appointed Wada Yoshimori its first ''bettō''. However, after Yoshimori was killed during the Wada Rebellion, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Of Heian-period Japan
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regents Of Japan
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state ''pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy, or the throne is vacant and the new monarch has not yet been determined. One variation is in the Monarchy of Liechtenstein, where a competent monarch may choose to assign regency to their of-age heir, handing over the majority of their responsibilities to prepare the heir for future succession. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency. A regent or regency council may be formed ''ad hoc'' or in accordance with a constitutional rule. ''Regent'' is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or personal assistant. If the regent is holding their position due to their position in the line of succession, the compound term ''prince regent'' is often used; if the regent of a minor is their mother, she would be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōjō Clan
The was a Japanese samurai family who controlled the hereditary title of ''shikken'' (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate between 1203 and 1333. Despite the title, in practice the family wielded actual political power in Japan during this period compared to both the Kamakura shoguns, or the Imperial Court in Kyoto, whose authority was largely symbolic. The Hōjō are known for fostering Zen Buddhism and for leading the successful opposition to the Mongol invasions of Japan. Resentment at Hōjō rule eventually culminated in the overthrow of the clan and the establishment of the Ashikaga shogunate. Bloodline The Hōjō are alleged to have been an offshoot of the Taira of the Kanmu branch, originating in Izu Province. They gained power by supporting the defeat of the Taira by intermarrying with and supporting Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Battle of Dan-no-ura. The Hōjō usurped power when Yoritomo died eighteen years later. Rise to power Hōjō Tokimasa helped Minamoto no Yorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1242 Deaths
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1183 Births
Year 1183 ( MCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By area Byzantine Empire * Andronicus I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor. * October – Alexios II Komnenos is murdered, after a 3-year reign at Constantinople. Andronikos I, 64, is proclaimed emperor of the Byzantine Empire before the crowd on the terrace of the Church of Christ of the Chalke. He marries Alexios' widow, the 11-year-old Agnes of France, and makes a treaty with Venice in November in which he promised a yearly indemnity as compensation for Venetian losses during the Massacre of the Latins. Europe * June 25 – The Peace of Constance is signed, between Frederick Barbarossa and the Lombard League, forming the legal basis for the autonomy of the Italian city republics. * Joseph of Exeter writes the first account of a sport resembling cricket. Asia =Japan= * Three-year-old Emperor Go-Toba ascends to the throne of Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokusō
was the title (post) held by the head of the mainline Hōjō clan, who also monopolized the position of ''shikken'' (regents to the shogunate) of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan during the period of Regent Rule (1199–1333). It’s important not to confuse a regent of the shogunate with a regent of the Emperor (the latter are called ''Sesshō'' and ''Kampaku''). ''Shikkens'' were the first regents to the shogunate. The ''tokusō'' from 1256 to 1333 was the military dictator of Japan as de facto head of the ''bakufu'' (shogunate); despite the actual shōgun being merely a puppet. This implies that all other positions in Japan—the Emperor, the Imperial Court, ''Sesshō'' and ''Kampaku'', and the ''shikken'' (regent of the shōgun)—had also been reduced to figureheads.「執権 (一)」（『国史大辞典 6』（ 吉川弘文館、 1985年） ） Origin The name ''tokusō'' is said to have come from , the Buddhist name of Hōjō Yoshitoki, but Hōjō Tokimasa is usually reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dharma Name
A Dharma name or Dhamma name is a new name acquired during both lay and monastic Buddhist initiation rituals in Mahayana Buddhism and monastic ordination in Theravada Buddhism (where it is more proper to call it Dhamma or Sangha name). The name is traditionally given by a Buddhist monastic, and is given to newly ordained monks, nuns and laity. Dharma names are considered aspirational, not descriptive. Most of the well-known Buddhist teachers are known to have had many different Dharma names in the course of their careers, and often each name represents a stage of their career. For example, Prince Shotoku was also known as Prince Umayado and Prince Kamitsumiya. Shinran's original name was Matsuwakamaru; he was also known as Hanen, Shakku, Zenshin, Gutoku Shinran and Kenshin Daeshi. Nichiren's original name was Zennichi and his Dharma names were Zenshobo Rencho and Rissho Daishi. Similarly, the tradition of various Dharma names was also used by Zen monks, who also used art to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goseibai Shikimoku
The Goseibai Shikimoku (御成敗式目) or the Formulary of Adjudications was the legal code of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan, promulgated by third shikken Hōjō Yasutoki on 27 August 1232. It is also called Jōei Shikimoku (貞永式目) after the era name. Before enacting the Goseibai Shikimoku, the Kamakura shogunate conducted trials without formal laws. After the Jōkyū War, an increasing number of land disputes between its vassals, aristocrats and peasants made fair trials indispensable. Thereafter Hōjō Yasutoki compiled the outline with 51 article headings and 13 Hyojoshu (councilors) completed it. Supplementary articles to the Goseibai Shikimoku, called Tsuika (追加), were issued afterward. The Muromachi shogunate also adopted the Goseibai Shikimoku as the basic law. The Goseibai Shikimoku was largely repealed during the Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rensho
The was the assistant to the ''shikken'' (regent) of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan.Iwanami Kōjien, "Rensho" The rensho placed his signature next to that of the ''shikken'' on official orders. In 1224 the third ''shikken'' Hōjō Yasutoki appointed Hōjō Tokifusa as the first ''rensho''. From then on, the ''rensho'' was chosen from influential members of the Hōjō clan, but not from the main line of the clan (''tokusō''), with the one exception of Tokimune, who temporarily occupied the position from 1264 to 1268. List of Rensho ''Note: There are three Hōjō Shigetoki's, all different people'' #Hōjō Tokifusa (r. 1225–1240) # Hōjō Shigetoki (北条重時) (r. 1247–1256) #Hōjō Masamura (r. 1256–1264) #Hōjō Tokimune (r. 1264–1268) #Hōjō Masamura (r. 1268–1273) #Hōjō Yoshimasa (r. 1273–1277) # Hōjō Shigetoki (北条業時) (r. 1283–1287) #Hōjō Nobutoki aka Osaragi Nobutoki (r. 1287–1301) #Hōjō Tokimura (r. 1301& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hōjō Masako
was a Japanese politician who exercised significant power in the early years of the Kamakura period, which was reflected by her contemporary sobriquet of the "nun shogun". She was the wife of Minamoto no Yoritomo, and mother of Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo, the first, second and third shoguns of the Kamakura shogunate, respectively. She was the eldest daughter of Hōjō Tokimasa and sister of Hōjō Yoshitoki, both of them ''shikken'' of the Kamakura shogunate. Early life to marriage (1156–1182) Hōjō Masako er real name is unknown, she was called Masako after her father's name Tokimasa by later researcherswas born in 1156, eldest child of Hōjō Tokimasa, leader of the influential Hōjō clan of Izu province, and his wife, Hōjō no Maki. Masako's parents were still in their teens, so she was raised by many ladies-in-waiting and nannies. Masako was born into a world of war and strife. In Kyoto, the capital of Japan, the Hōgen Rebellion was in full swing. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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