|
Hyperodapedontidae
Rhynchosaurs are a group of extinct herbivorous Triassic archosauromorph reptiles, belonging to the order Rhynchosauria. Members of the group are distinguished by their triangular skulls and elongated, beak like premaxillary bones. Rhynchosaurs first appeared in the Middle Triassic or possibly the Early Triassic, before becoming abundant and globally distributed during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic. Description Rhynchosaurs were herbivores, and at times abundant (in some fossil localities accounting for 40 to 60% of specimens found), with stocky bodies and a powerful beak. Early primitive forms, like ''Mesosuchus'' and '' Howesia'', were generally small and more typically lizard-like in build, and had skulls rather similar to the early diapsid ''Youngina'', except for the beak and a few other features. Later and more advanced genera grew to medium to medium large size, up to two meters in length. The skull in these forms were short, broad, and triangular, becoming muc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyperodapedontinae
Hyperodapedontinae is a subfamily of rhynchosaurs within the family Hyperodapedontidae. Fossils have been found from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, India, Madagascar, Scotland, Tanzania, United States and Zimbabwe. Phylogeny Hyperodapedontinae was erected by Sankar Chatterjee in 1969 as a coordinate name of the family Hyperodapedontidae Lydekker, 1985. Chatterjee (1969) originally named Hyperodapedontinae to include all Late Triassic rhynchosaurs known at that time, ''H. gordoni'', ''H. huxleyi'' and ''"Scaphonyx" fischeri'', and proposed a morphological diagnosis for the clade. ''Scaphonyx'' includes two additional species, ''S. africanus'' and ''S. australis'', all of which are currently believed to be dubious. As noted by Langer ''et al.'' (2000), using Chatterjee' morphological definition would exclude ''Teyumbaita'' and ''H. huenei'' from the clade, and thus it would be nested within ''Hyperodapedon''. To preserve the name, with its original stratigraphical meaning, Langer ''et a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammorhynchus
''Ammorhynchus'' is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur from Middle Triassic (Anisian stage) deposits of Navajo County, Arizona.''Ammorhynchus'' at .org It is known from the MSM 02-153/P4585, a nearly complete left and from three paratypes (MSM 00-99/P4409, a partial left maxilla; MSM 00-103/P4586, other partial maxilla and MSM 02-145/P4544, dentary fragments) from the same locality. It was found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Langeronyx
''Langeronyx'' is an extinct genus of basal rhynchosaurid known from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian stage) Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation of Warwickshire, UK. It contains a single species, ''Langeronyx brodiei'', originally included in the genus ''Rhynchosaurus''. ''R. brodiei'' was first described and named by Michael Benton in 1990, but its redescription by Martín D. Ezcurra, Felipe Montefeltro and Richard J. Butler in 2016 recovered it as more closely related to the more advance hyperodapedontine than to the type species of ''Rhynchosaurus'' and thus it was moved to its own genus. The generic name ''Langeronyx'' honors the Brazilian paleontologist Max Cardoso Langer in recognition of his rhynchosaur research, combined with the Greek ''onyx'' (''óνυξ'') meaning "claw", a common suffix for rhynchosaur genera. ''L. brodiei'' is known solely from the holotype, a partial skull divided into the two specimenWARMS G6097/1and NHMUK PV R8495, housed in the Warwickshire Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fodonyx
''Fodonyx'' (meaning "digging claw") is an extinct genus of rhynchosaur from the middle Triassic epoch of Devon in England. Its fossils (25 specimens) were discovered in Otter Sandstone Formation (late Anisian age) and were first assigned to '' Rhynchosaurus spenceri''. This species was reassigned to its own genus, ''Fodonyx'' (the type and only species is ''Fodonyx spenceri'') the holotype of which iEXEMS 60/1985/292, that described by David W. E. Hone and Michael J. Benton in 2008. More recently, one skull was reassigned to the new genus ''Bentonyx''. It is distinguished from other rhynchosaurs by a single autapomorphy, the ventral angling of the paraoccipital processes. In all other rhynchosaurs these processes angle dorsally or are horizontal. It is not known if this conferred any advantage to ''Fodonyx. Fodonyx'' was between 40 and 50 cm long. Features Skull and lower jaw The two premaxillae are very long and run up over the snout to meet the prefrontals at the or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bentonyx
''Bentonyx'' (meaning "Bentons' claw") is an extinct genus of rhynchosaur from the middle Triassic epoch of Devon in England. Its fossil, a well preserved skullBRSUG 27200 was discovered in Otter Sandstone Formation (late Anisian age) and was first assigned to '' Rhynchosaurus spenceri'', that is known from 25 specimens. This species was reassigned to its own genus, ''Fodonyx'', that was first described by David W. E. Hone and Michael Benton in 2008. More recently, this skull was reassigned to this genus by Max C. Langer, Felipe C. Montefeltro, David E. Hone, Robin Whatley and Cesar L. Schultz in 2010 and the type species is ''Bentonyx sidensis''. The Cladogram below is based on work by Martin Ezcurra Martin may refer to: Places * Martin City (other) * Martin County (other) * Martin Township (other) Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Austral ... ''et al''. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesodapedon
''Mesodapedon'' is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur from middle Triassic (Anisian stage) deposits of India. It is known from the holotype ISIR-300 and from the paratype ISIR-301 from the Yerrapalli Formation. It was first named by Sankar Chatterjee in 1980 and the type species is ''Mesodapedon kuttyi''. It is extremely closely related to the Tanzanian ''Stenaulorhynchus ''Stenaulorhynchus'' (possibly meaning "narrow tube beak") is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur known from the Middle Triassic (late Anisian stage) deposits of Tanganyika Territory, Tanzania. It was found in the Lifua Member of th ...'' and even was considered to be its synonym. References Rhynchosaurs Middle Triassic reptiles of Asia Fossil taxa described in 1980 Anisian life Prehistoric reptile genera {{triassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elorhynchus
''Elorhynchus'' is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur from the Mid-Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th .... The type species is ''Elorhynchus carrolli''. References {{Archosauromorpha, R. Rhynchosaurs Prehistoric reptile genera Fossil taxa described in 2021 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premaxilla
The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammal has been usually termed as the incisive bone. Other terms used for this structure include premaxillary bone or ''os premaxillare'', intermaxillary bone or ''os intermaxillare'', and Goethe's bone. Human anatomy In human anatomy, the premaxilla is referred to as the incisive bone (') and is the part of the maxilla which bears the incisor teeth, and encompasses the anterior nasal spine and alar region. In the nasal cavity, the premaxillary element projects higher than the maxillary element behind. The palatal portion of the premaxilla is a bony plate with a generally transverse orientation. The incisive foramen is bound anteriorly and laterally by the premaxilla and posteriorly by the palatine process of the maxilla. It is formed from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic Series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event (known as the Carnian pluvial episode characterized by substantial rainfall) occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations. Stratigraphic definitions The Carnian was named in 1869 by Mojsisovics. It is unclear if it was named after the Carnic Alps or after the Austrian region of Carinthia (''Kärnten'' in German) or after the Carnia historical region in northwestern Italy. The name, however, was first used referring to a part of the Hallstatt Limestone cropping out in Austria. The base of the Carnian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archosauromorpha
Archosauromorpha (Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all reptiles more closely related to archosaurs (such as crocodilians and dinosaurs, including birds) rather than lepidosaurs (such as tuataras, lizards, and snakes). Archosauromorphs first appeared during the late Middle Permian or Late Permian, though they became much more common and diverse during the Triassic period. Although Archosauromorpha was first named in 1946, its membership did not become well-established until the 1980s. Currently Archosauromorpha encompasses four main groups of reptiles: the stocky, herbivorous allokotosaurs and rhynchosaurs, the hugely diverse Archosauriformes, and a polyphyletic grouping of various long-necked reptiles including ''Protorosaurus'', tanystropheids, and ''Prolacerta''. Other groups including pantestudines (turtles and their extinct relatives) and the semiaquatic choristoderes have also been placed in Archosauromorpha by some authors. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic Period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Three categories of organisms can be distinguished in the Triassic record: survivors from the extinction event, new groups that flourished briefly, and other new groups that went on to dominate the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles, especially archosaurs, were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenaulorhynchus
''Stenaulorhynchus'' (possibly meaning "narrow tube beak") is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontid rhynchosaur known from the Middle Triassic (late Anisian stage) deposits of Tanganyika Territory, Tanzania. It was found in the Lifua Member of the Manda Formation in the Karoo Supergroup. It was named and first described by Sidney Henry Haughton in 1932. The type species is ''Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi'', a beaked herbivore measuring 1–6 meters in length. Description Dentition The teeth of ''Stenaulorhynchus'' were conical, pointed, and composed mostly of dentine, although new unworn teeth may have had a thin layer of enamel. They were set deeply into and fused with the jaw bones. They are arranged with two-to-several rows of teeth on top and only a few on bottom. The middle row of maxillary teeth only occupied the posterior third of the jaw while the other rows extended all the way forwards and sometimes down the crest of the jaw. The teeth at the front of the mouth, by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
