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Hydroelectricity In France
Under its commitment to the EU renewable energy directive of 2009, France has a target of producing 23% of its total energy needs from renewable energy by 2020. This figure breaks down to renewable energy providing 33% of energy used in the heating and cooling sector, 27% of the electricity sector and 10.5% in the transport sector. By the end of 2014, 14.3% of France's total energy requirements came from renewable energy, a rise from 9.6% in 2005. The outlook for renewable electricity in France received a boost following the publication in October 2016 of the "Programmation pluriannuelle de l'énergie", showing a commitment to re-balancing the electricity mix towards renewables. According to the report, renewable electricity capacity is planned to grow from 41 GW in 2014 to between 71 and 78 GW by 2023. Historically the electricity sector in France has been dominated by the country's longstanding commitment to nuclear power. However, the report emphasizes that by 2025 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC
The Renewable Energy Directive 20182018/2001 is a Directive in EU law that requires 32 percent of the energy consumed within the European Union to be renewable by 2030. This target is pooled among the member states. Background Before the 2009 version of the Directive, EU leaders had already reached agreement in March 2007 that, in principle, 20% of the bloc's final energy consumption should be produced from renewable energy sources by 2020 as part of its drive to cut carbon dioxide emissions. This policy later became part of the EU2020 Energy Strategy dated 10 November 2010. The key objectives of the strategy are to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20%, to increase the share of renewable energy to 20%, and to achieve energy savings of 20% or more. The targets are mutually dependent. The draft report on the directive was published by the European Commission in January 2008. Claude Turmes served as rapporteur on the draft. Members states were obliged to notify the European C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marseille-Fos Port
Marseille-Fos Port () is the main trade seaport of France. In 2011, the port had an overall traffic of 88 million tons. It was also one of the 15 world's largest cruise ports and the fifth-largest in the Mediterranean. It has two main sites: in northern Marseille from La Joliette to l'Estaque as well as in Fos-sur-Mer, about 50 km (31 mi) north west of Marseille. The port generates 41,500 jobs has an annual turnover of €169.5 million and a traffic of €4 billion according to an OECD study.http://www.marseille-port.fr/v_anglaise/presse/communiques/fichiers/2013/news_port_marseille_fos_0502_2013.pdf The port is the biggest French port, the third biggest Mediterranean port and the seventh biggest European port, transporting 79 million tons of goods in 2019, making it the 41st port in the world. History Historically the Old Port of Marseille The Old Port of Marseille (French: ''Vieux-Port de Marseille'', ) is at the end of the Canebière, the major street of Marseill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Bâthie Power Station
The Roselend Dam is an arch-buttress dam located east of Beaufort in the Savoie department of the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. It is located just west and below the Cormet de Roselend mountain pass. The dam was designed by Coyne et Bellier and construction began in 1955. The reservoir began to fill in 1960, the power station was operational in 1961 and the dam complete in 1962. It was constructed for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation and supports the 546 MW La Bâthie Power Station. Design and operation The dam has a maximum height of and a length of . It is wide at its crest and wide at its base. The dam has a structural volume of . Its reservoir, Lac de Roselend, can store of water and has a surface area of . Directly over the river bed is the dam's concrete arch with a radius. Flanking it on either side are concrete buttresses supporting the dam wall. Water from the dam is transferred west via a long penstock to the underground power st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bissorte Dam
The Bissorte Dam (french: Barrage de Bissorte) is a gravity dam in the Maurienne Valley, in Savoie, France, about east of Valmeinier. It was built from 1930 to 1935 to supply a hydroelectric plant capable of generating 75 megawatts (MW) of power. The complex was reconfigured from 1980 to 1986 in order to add a 750 MW pumped-storage power plant known as ''Super-Bissorte'', the third most powerful in France after Grand'Maison and Montézic. Location The Bissorte Dam is perched on an ancient glacial basin, now alpine tundra, in the Massif des Cerces. It is close to the Valfréjus ski resort in the commune of Modane, near the Italian border. History During the 1920s, a period of intense stock market speculation on hydroelectricity in France, Bissorte's potential as a building site drew much attention. In 1930, work began on the construction of a gravity dam with a stone facing to protect its concrete structure. The power plant, known today as ''Bissorte 1'', was put into opera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revin
Revin () is a commune in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region in northern France. Revin is situated on the banks of the Meuse. The Revin Pumped Storage Power Plant is near Revin. Population Personalities Yazid Mansouri, the Algeria national football team captain was born in Revin. See also *Communes of the Ardennes department The following is a list of the 449 communes of the Ardennes department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Former industrial areas in western Europe were hurting even before the economic crisis ', by Paul Ames. 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revin Pumped Storage Power Plant
The Revin Pumped Storage Power Plant is located in northern France, near Revin in the department of Ardennes and the Belgian border. The pumped storage power plant, commissioned in 1976, is owned by Électricité de France (EDF) and has a nameplate capacity of 800 megawatts (MW). Measured by capacity, it is the third largest pumped storage power plant in France. Characteristics Revin Pumped Storage Power Plant was constructed as an underground power station: Four Francis turbines which are used for both generating and pumping with a capacity of 200 MW each are located in a 115 m long, 17 m wide and 16 m high cavern. Four transformers are installed on the surface to connect the generators (13 kV) to the electrical grid (400 kV). There are three reservoirs which are connected to the Revin Pumped Storage Power Plant. The upper and lower reservoirs are separated by a vertical distance of 250 m. See also * Renewable energy in France Und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montézic Power Station
The Montézic Power Station (French: ''Centrale de Montézic'') is a pumped-storage power plant near the commune of Montézic in northern Aveyron, France. Its 910 megawatt capacity ranks it second among France's main pumped-storage facilities, and is the only one situated on the Central Massif. Montézic is a pure pumped-storage plant, which means that its upstream reservoir receives little to no natural inflow of water. The station has a weekly time cycle. History The power station underwent construction in 1976 and was commissioned in 1982. The following are some key dates from this period: In August 1976: the power station's access tunnel was bored, and betweenNovember 1977 and July 1978 Grading work for the plant, the connecting tunnels, and the dams was carried out. In July 1979 assembly of the turbine generators took place. In May 1981 the Etang Dam (''Barrage de l'Etang'') was completed, and from June to August the upper reservoir was filled. * October 1981: Complet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isère
Isère ( , ; frp, Isera; oc, Isèra, ) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.Populations légales 2019: 38 Isère INSEE Its prefecture is . It borders to the northwest, to the north, |
Grand'Maison Dam
The Grand'Maison Dam is an embankment dam on L'Eau d'Olle, a tributary of the Romanche River. It is located in Vaujany of Isère within the French Alps. The primary purpose of the dam is to serve as the upper reservoir for a pumped-storage hydroelectric scheme where Lac du Verney located lower in the valley is the lower reservoir. The dam was constructed between 1978 and 1985 with its power station being commissioned in 1987. With an installed capacity of 1,800 MW, it is the largest hydroelectric power station in France. Design and operation The Grand'Maison is an embankment dam with a height of from the riverbed and from foundation. It is long and has a fill volume of . The reservoir withheld by the dam, Lac de Grand Maison, has a storage capacity of . The power generation process begins with water stored in its reservoir at an altitude of . By means of a long head-race tunnel which splits into three long penstocks, water is sent down to the power station. It is located on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megawatt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of Power (physics), power or radiant flux in the International System of Units, International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantification (science), quantify the rate of Energy transformation, energy transfer. The watt is named after James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish people, Scottish invention, inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen steam engine, Newcomen engine with his own Watt steam engine, steam engine in 1776. Watt's invention was fundamental for the Industrial Revolution. Overview When an object's velocity is held constant at one metre per second against a constant opposing force of one Newton (unit), newton, the rate at which Work (physics), work is done is one watt. : \mathrm In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potentia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Figaro
''Le Figaro'' () is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826. It is headquartered on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. The oldest national newspaper in France, ''Le Figaro'' is one of three French newspapers of record, along with ''Le Monde'' and ''Libération''. It was named after Figaro, a character in a play by polymath Beaumarchais (1732–1799); one of his lines became the paper's motto: "''Sans la liberté de blâmer, il n'est point d'éloge flatteur''" ("Without the freedom to criticise, there is no flattering praise"). With a centre-right editorial line, it is the largest national newspaper in France, ahead of ''Le Parisien'' and ''Le Monde''. In 2019, the paper had an average circulation of 321,116 copies per issue. The paper is published in Berliner format. Since 2012 its editor (''directeur de la rédaction'') has been Alexis Brézet. The newspaper has been owned by Dassault Group since 2004. Other Groupe Figaro publications include ''Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renewable Energy In Norway
Norway is a heavy producer of renewable energy because of hydropower. Over 99% of the electricity production in mainland Norway is from 31 GW hydropower plants (86 TWh reservoir capacity, storing water from summer to winter). The average hydropower is 133 TWh/year (135.3 TWh in 2007). There is also a large potential in wind power, offshore wind powerOffshore wind resources (in Norwegian) ''NVE'', 12 February 2009. Retrieved: 18 September 2010. and , as well as production of from wood. Norway has limited resources in |
