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Hungarian Reformed Communion
The Hungarian Reformed Church (HRC) or Hungarian Reformed Communion ( hu, Magyar Refomátus Egyház) is a global fellowship of continental Reformed denominations historically related to the Reformed Church of Hungary. The purpose of the organization is to maintain unity among Hungarian Reformed churches in different countries and to give joint representation of denominations in international organizations of Reformed denominations. History From the Dissolution of Austria-Hungary, after the First World War, the members of the Reformed Church of Hungary were spread over several countries. In each of these, Hungarian retirees organized themselves as a new national denomination. On May 22, 2009, 6 of the Hungarian Reformed denominations decided to form a Hungarian Reformed Fellowship, also called the Hungarian Reformed Church. Doctrine All denominations part of the communion subscribe to the Second Helvetic Confession and Heidelberg Catechism as a faithful expression of bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Western Christianity
Western Christianity is one of two sub-divisions of Christianity ( Eastern Christianity being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the Latin Church and Western Protestantism, together with their offshoots such as the Old Catholic Church, Independent Catholicism and Restorationism. The large majority of the world's 2.3 billion Christians are Western Christians (about 2 billion – 1.2 billion Latin Catholic and 800 million Protestant). The original and still major component, the Latin Church, developed under the bishop of Rome. Out of the Latin Church emerged a wide variety of independent Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism and Anglicanism, starting from the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, as did Independent Catholicism in the 19th century. Thus, the term "Western Christianity" does not describe a single communion or religious denomination, but is applied to distinguish all these denominations collectively from Easte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of Austria-Hungary
The dissolution of Austria-Hungary was a major geopolitical event that occurred as a result of the growth of internal social contradictions and the separation of different parts of Austria-Hungary. The reason for the collapse of the state was World War I, the 1918 crop failure and the economic crisis. The 1917 October Revolution and the Wilsonian peace Fourteen Points, pronouncements from January 1918 onward encouraged socialism on the one hand, and nationalism on the other, or alternatively a combination of both tendencies, among all Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary, peoples of the Habsburg monarchy. The remaining territories inhabited by divided peoples fell into the composition of existing or newly formed states. Legally, the collapse of the empire was formalized in the September 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919), Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye with Austria, which also acted as a peace treaty after the First World War, and in the June 1920 Treaty of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Christian Church In Slovakia
The Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia has 110,000 members in 205 parishes and 103 mission churches and 59 house fellowships in 10 presbyteries. The bishop is the head of the church, in contrast with other Calvinist churches. History Before World War I, these congregations were part of the Reformed Church in Hungary. The Reformation reached this part of the country in 1520s, first Lutheranism dominated then later Calvinism did. In 1567, four presbyteries was formed in Eastern Slovakia. In the Synod of Debrecen the Second Helvetic Confession was adopted. During the Counter Reformation, the princes of Transylvania protected the Calvinist faith and extended their supremacy to this part of Hungary. After World War II, the church adopted its constitution. In 1925, a theological seminary was founded in Lučenec. In 1950s the denomination adopted a constitution. After the collapse of communism, the church adopted a new constitution. It runs five primary schools, two secondary schools ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Christian Church In Croatia
The Reformed Christian Church in Croatia (the ''Reformirana kršćanska kalvinska Crkva u Hrvatskoj'' in Croatian) became an autonomous church in 1993, following the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Croatia became an independent state. The first organising Synod was held in Retfala (Rétfalu) on January 30, 1993. The Reformed Church in Yugoslavia the predecessor denomination was founded in 1933, formerly it was part of the Reformed Church in Hungary. These are mostly Hungarian speaking congregations, which organised themselves as a church in 1551. There are a few Czech speaking and Croatian churches. The church has 21 congregations, several preaching points and 3,000-4,000 members. According to the statistics of the Hungarian Reformed Church it has 23 congregations and 4,000 members served by 4 female and 8 male pastors. The church is a member of the World Communion of Reformed Churches and has relationship with the Presbyterian Church (USA), the Reformed Church in Hungary and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Christian Church In Serbia
Before World War I, the Reformed Christian Church in Serbia (Szerbiai Református Keresztén Egyház in Hungarian) was part of the Reformed Church in Hungary. In the period of the Reformation, Rev Sztáray planted 120 Calvinist congregations in the region. In the period of the Ottoman Empire, regions of Hungary were part of the empire and some villages were destroyed. After the Turks were defeated, Hungarian Calvinists emerged from Debrecen and Szentes. In 1898, a whole Catholic village converted to the Calvinist faith because the Catholic church refused to celebrate the mass in the Hungarian language. After World War I, this part of Hungary was connected to Serbia. In 1933, the Reformed Church in Yugoslavia was founded. At that time, among Hungarians, there were German Calvinist congregations; the Germans arrived in this region in the 18th century. After World War II, the Germans were forced to leave the country. There are Czech-speaking and a remnant of German speaking congregatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Church In Transcarpathia
The Reformed Church in Transcarpathia is a historic Calvinist church in Ukraine. It is the oldest Protestant church in the country, founded in the 16th century, and a significant part of the Hungarian-speaking ethnicity belong to this denomination. History The church was founded in 1921 when this region become part of Czechoslovakia. The church members were Hungarian ethnic people; in the time of formation their church counted approximately 65,000 members in 77 congregations. During World War II the Soviet troops deported 40,000 people from Sub-Carpathia. Transcarpathia as Zakarpattia Oblast became part of the Soviet Union. Pastors from different religions were persecuted and sometimes killed. Church schools, church buildings were taken away. It was restricted to evangelize, to worship and to conduct Sunday school. Public church activities were not permitted, except for funerals. The Soviet Union propagated a totally atheist lifestyle. In the 1970s the situation changed a bit. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Church Of Romania
The Reformed Church in Romania ( hu, Romániai Református Egyház; ro, Biserica Reformată din România) is the organization of the Calvinist church in Romania. The majority of its followers are of Hungarian ethnicity and Hungarian is the main church language. The large majority of the Church's parishes are in Transylvania; according to the 2002 census, 701,077 people or 3.15% of the total population belong to the Reformed Church. About 95% of the members were of Hungarian ethnicity. The religious institution is composed of two bishoprics, the Reformed Diocese of Királyhágómellék and the Reformed Diocese of Transylvania. The headquarters are at Oradea and Cluj-Napoca, respectively. Together with the Unitarian Church of Transylvania and the two Lutheran churches of Romania (the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Romania and the Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession), the Calvinist community runs the Protestant Theological Institute of Cluj. Doctrine The church adhere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Reformed Denominations
The Reformed churches are a group of Protestant denominations connected by a common Calvinist system of doctrine. Europe Netherlands The Dutch Calvinist churches have suffered numerous splits, and there have been some subsequent partial re-unions. Currently there are at least nine existing denominations, including (between brackets the Dutch abbreviation): *Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) formed in 2004 from the union of **the Dutch Reformed Church (NHK), **the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (GKN), **and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands (ELK); **a notable Calvinist group within the PKN is the Reformed Association in the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, Reformed Association *Christian Reformed Churches (CGK) *Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Liberated) (GKV) *Netherlands Reformed Churches (NGK) *Reformed Congregations (GG) *Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (OGGiN) *Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected) *Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidelberg Catechism
The Heidelberg Catechism (1563), one of the Three Forms of Unity, is a Protestant confessional document taking the form of a series of questions and answers, for use in teaching Calvinist Christian doctrine. It was published in 1563 in Heidelberg, Germany. Its original title translates to ''Catechism, or Christian Instruction, according to the Usages of the Churches and Schools of the Electoral Palatinate''. Commissioned by the prince-elector of the Electoral Palatinate, it is sometimes referred to as the "Palatinate Catechism." It has been translated into many languages and is regarded as one of the most influential of the Reformed catechisms. History Elector Frederick III, sovereign of the Electoral Palatinate from 1559 to 1576, commissioned the composition of a new Catechism for his territory. While the catechism's introduction credits the "entire theological faculty here" (at the University of Heidelberg) and "all the superintendents and prominent servants of the church"Emil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Helvetic Confession
The Helvetic Confessions are two documents expressing the common belief of the Calvinist churches of Switzerland. History The First Helvetic Confession ( la, Confessio Helvetica prior), known also as the Second Confession of Basel, was drawn up in Basel in 1536 by Heinrich Bullinger and Leo Jud of Zürich, Kaspar Megander of Bern, Oswald Myconius and Simon Grynaeus of Basel, Martin Bucer and Wolfgang Capito of Strasbourg, with other representatives from Schaffhausen, St Gall, Mühlhausen and Biel. The first draft was written in Latin and the Zürich delegates objected to its Lutheran phraseology. However, Leo Jud's German translation was accepted by all, and after Myconius and Grynaeus had modified the Latin form, both versions were agreed to and adopted on February 26, 1536. The Second Helvetic Confession (Latin: ''Confessio Helvetica posterior'') was written by Bullinger in 1562 and revised in 1564 as a private exercise. It came to the notice of Elector Palatine Frederick III, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Church Of Hungary
The Reformed Church in Hungary ( hu, Magyarországi Református Egyház, MRE) is the largest Protestant church in Hungary, with parishes among the Hungarian diaspora abroad. Today, it is made up of 1,249 congregations in 27 presbyteries and four church districts and has a membership of over 1.6 million, making it second only to the Catholic Church in terms of size. As a Continental Reformed church, its doctrines and practices reflect a Calvinist theology, for which the Hungarian term is ' (). History The Reformation spread to Hungary during the 16th century. In Geneva, Switzerland, John Calvin formulated the doctrines of the Reformed Church, and his followers spread the Reformed (Calvinist) gospel across Europe. As a result of the Ottoman invasion of Hungary, Hungary was divided into three parts. The northwest came under Habsburg rule; the eastern part of the kingdom and Transylvania (vassal state) came under the Ottoman Empire. While the Ottomans urged conversion to Islam am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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