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Huaridelphis
''Huaridelphis'' is an extinct genus of river dolphins from the Early Miocene (Deseadan to Friasian in the SALMA classification). The type species is ''H. raimondii'', found in the Chilcatay Formation of the Pisco Basin. Etymology The genus name is derived from the name of the Huari people, an ancient culture from Peru, and from the Latin word for "dolphin"; ''delphis''. The specific name was chosen in honor of Antonio Raimondi, an Italian geographer and the first person to discover fossilized whale remains in Peru. Description ''H. raimondii'' was a relatively small squalodelphinid, with a bizygomatic breadth of and a condylobasal length of . The rostrum, which was only slightly dorsoventrally flattened, and made up only 67% of the condylobasal length, considerably less than most squalodelphinids. The antorbital notches were V-shaped and asymmetrical, with the right notch farther back on the head than the left one. The species had 28-30 teeth per top row, with alveoli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deseadan
The Deseadan ( es, Deseadense) age is a period of geologic time (29.0–21.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene to the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Tinguirirican and precedes the Colhuehuapian age. Etymology The age is named after the Deseado Formation of the Deseado Massif in eastern Patagonia, Argentina. Formations Fossils Correlations The Deseadan South American land mammal age (SALMA) is equivalent to the Arikareean in the North American land mammal age (NALMA) and the Harrisonian in the 2000 version of the classification. It overlaps with the Hsandagolian The Hsandagolian age is a period of geologic time (33.9 – 23.03 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene used more specifically with Asian Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Kekeamuan and precedes the Tabenbulakian age. The Ulangochuian ... of Asia and the MP 25 zone of Europe, the Waitaki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisco Basin
Pisco Basin ( es, Cuenca de Pisco) is a sedimentary basin extending over in southwestern Peru.Solís Mundaca, 2018, p.1 The basin has a thick sedimentary fill, which is about half the thickness of more northern foreland basins in Peru. The oldest known sediments are the Eocene sandstones of the Caballas Formation, while the youngest deposits, the fossiliferous Pisco Formation, date to the Early Pleistocene. In relation to present-day, topography the fill of Pisco Basin makes the upper part of the Coastal Cordillera of southern Peru, the coastal plains, the Ica-Nazca Depression and the Andean foothills. The basin is renowned for hosting various highly fossiliferous stratigraphic units; the Pisco Formation has provided a wealth of marine mammals (including sloths), birds, fish and other groups, as have the Chilcatay, Otuma and Yumaque Formations. Stratigraphy Tectonic and sedimentary evolution The basin developed in a setting of extensional tectonics from Eocene to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friasian
The Friasian age is a period of geologic time (16.3–15.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification of South America. It follows the Santacrucian and precedes the Colloncuran age. Etymology The age is named after the Río Frías Formation in the Aysén Basin, Patagonia, Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a .... Formations Fossils References Bibliography ;Río Frías Formation * * * * * ;Castilletes Formation * * * * * * * * ;Cerdas Beds * ;Chilcatay Formation * * * * ;Cura-Mallín Group * * * ;Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation * ;Parángula Formation * ;Pebas Formation * * ;Río Foyel Formation * * ;Río Yuca Formation * {{SALMA Miocene S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Land Mammal Age
The South American land mammal ages (SALMA) establish a geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna beginning 64.5 Mya (unit), Ma during the Paleocene and continuing through to the Late Pleistocene (0.011 Ma). These periods are referred to as ages, stages, or intervals and were established using geographic place names where fossil materials where obtained.Flynn & Swisher, 1995 The basic unit of measure is the first/last boundary statement. This shows that the first appearance event of one taxon is known to predate the last appearance event of another. If two taxa are found in the same fossil quarry or at the same stratigraphic horizon, then their age-range zones overlap. Background South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in their own unique directions, as Australia and Madagascar still have today. Paleogeographic timeline A simplified paleogeography, paleogeographic timeline of South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dental Alveolus
Dental alveoli (singular ''alveolus'') are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament. The lay term for dental alveoli is tooth sockets. A joint that connects the roots of the teeth and the alveolus is called ''gomphosis'' (plural ''gomphoses''). Alveolar bone is the bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth forming bone sockets. In mammals, tooth sockets are found in the maxilla, the premaxilla, and the mandible. Etymology 1706, "a hollow," especially "the socket of a tooth," from Latin alveolus "a tray, trough, basin; bed of a small river; small hollow or cavity," diminutive of alvus "belly, stomach, paunch, bowels; hold of a ship," from PIE root *aulo- "hole, cavity" (source also of Greek aulos "flute, tube, pipe;" Serbo-Croatian, Polish, Russian ulica "street," originally "narrow opening;" Old Church Slavonic uliji, Lithuanian aulys "beehive" (hollow trunk), Armenian yli "pregnant"). The word was extended in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown (tooth)
In dentistry, crown refers to the anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel. The crown is usually visible in the mouth after developing below the gingiva The gums or gingiva (plural: ''gingivae'') consist of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth. Gum health and disease can have an effect on general health. Structure The gums are part of the soft tissue lin ... and then erupting into place. If part of the tooth gets chipped or broken, a dentist can apply an artificial crown. Crowns are used most commonly to entirely cover a damaged tooth or cover an implant. Bridges are also used to cover a space if one or more teeth is missing. They are cemented to natural teeth or implants surrounding the space where the tooth once stood. There are various materials that can be used including a type of cement or stainless steel. The cement crowns look like regular teeth while the stainless steel crowns are silver or gold. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ica Region
Ica (; qu, Ika) is a department and region of Peru. It borders the Pacific Ocean on the west; the Lima Region on the north; the Huancavelica and Ayacucho regions on the east; and the Arequipa Region on the south. Its capital is the city of Ica. Geography The Department of Ica has a remarkable geography. It is the only region of the southern coast formed by plains, also called coast plains, since the Andean Cordillera rise up inland. Some geological folds have determined the formation of dunes moving toward the sea, which form much of the Paracas Peninsula. Some isolated formations located at the southern part created the Marcona complex, with the biggest deposits of iron in the Pacific coast. Ica's configuration is due to the geomorphology of its two big and unique fluvial watersheds: the Pasco and Ica rivers. Also, it has a waterway called the Rio Grande, although its waters do not reach the ocean. Some waters are diverted for irrigation and agriculture in the provinces o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isurus Desori
''Isurus'' is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, commonly known as the mako sharks. Description The two living species are the common shortfin mako shark (''I. oxyrinchus'') and the rare longfin mako shark (''I. paucus''). They range in length from , and have an approximate maximum weight of . They both have a distinctive blue-gray color scheme common among mackerel sharks. Several extinct species are known from fossils found in sediments from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: 99.7 to 0.781 million years ago). The family Lamnidae also includes the great white shark and the porbeagle. Mako sharks are capable of swimming at speeds up to . The great white shark is also closely related to an ancient mako shark species, ''Isurus hastalis''. However, fossil evidence suggests ''I. hastalis'', like the great white shark, also belonged to the genus ''Carcharodon''. Species The genus contains these species: * ''Isurus oxyrinchus'' (Rafinesque, 1810) (shortfin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carcharocles Chubutensis
''Otodus chubutensis'', meaning "ear-shaped tooth of Chubut", from Ancient Greek ὠτ (ōt, meaning "ear") and ὀδούς (odoús, meaning "tooth") – thus, "ear-shaped tooth", is an extinct species of prehistoric megatoothed sharks in the genus ''Otodus'', that lived during Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene epochs, approximately 28 – 5 million years ago. This shark is considered to be a close relative of the famous prehistoric megatoothed shark, '' O. megalodon''. However, as is the case with ''O. megalodon'', the classification of this species is disputed. Taxonomy As is the case with other known megatoothed sharks, the genus of ''O. chubutensis'' remains in dispute. The Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz first identified this shark as a species of ''Carcharodon'' in 1843. In 1906, Ameghino renamed this shark as ''C. chubutensis''. In 1964, shark researcher, L. S. Glikman recognized the transition of ''Otodus obliquus'' to ''C. auriculatus''. In 1987, shark researcher, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baleen Whales
Baleen whales (systematic name Mysticeti), also known as whalebone whales, are a parvorder of carnivorous marine mammals of the infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) which use keratinaceous baleen plates (or "whalebone") in their mouths to sieve planktonic creatures from the water. Mysticeti comprises the families Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales), Balaenopteridae (rorquals and the gray whale), and Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale). There are currently 16 species of baleen whales. While cetaceans were historically thought to have descended from mesonychids, molecular evidence instead supports them as a clade of even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla). Baleen whales split from toothed whales (Odontoceti) around 34 million years ago. Baleen whales range in size from the and pygmy right whale to the and blue whale, the largest known animal to have ever existed. They are sexually dimorphic. Baleen whales can have streamlined or large bodies, depending on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
