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Howler Monkeys
Howler monkeys (genus ''Alouatta'', monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are the most widespread primate genus in the Neotropics and are among the largest of the platyrrhines along with the muriquis (''Brachyteles''), the spider monkeys (''Ateles'') and woolly monkeys (''Lagotrix''). These monkeys are native to South and Central American forests. They are famous for their loud howls, which can travel more than a mile through dense rain forest. Fifteen species are recognized. Previously classified in the family Cebidae, they are now placed in the family Atelidae. They are primarily folivores but also significant frugivores, acting as seed dispersal agents through their digestive system and their locomotion. Threats include human predation, habitat destruction, and capture for pets or zoo animals. Classification * ''A. palliata'' group ** Coiba Island howler, ''Alouatta coibensis'' *** ''Alouatta coibensis coibensis'' *** Azuero howler, ''Alouatta coibensis trabeata'' ** Mantled h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Louis Trouessart
Édouard Louis Trouessart (25 August 1842 – 30 June 1927) was a French zoologist born in Angers. He studied military medicine in Strasbourg, but was forced to leave school due to serious health problems. In 1864 he started work as ''préparateur de physique'' at the Faculty of Poitiers, and in the process, dedicated his time and energies to natural history. He also resumed his studies in medicine, earning a medical doctorate in 1870. During the Franco-Prussian War, he served in the French army. Later, he was employed at the hospital in Villevêque. From 1882 to 1884, he was director at the Museum of Angers, and in the meantime taught classes in natural history at the high school in Angers. In 1885 he relocated to Paris, where he worked with Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835-1900). After the death of Emile Oustalet (1844-1905), he attained the chair of zoology (mammals and birds), a position he maintained until 1926. Selected writings * '' Les microbes, les ferments et les moisiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folivores
In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves. Mature leaves contain a high proportion of hard-to-digest cellulose, less energy than other types of foods, and often toxic compounds.Jones, S., Martin, R., & Pilbeam, D. (1994) ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press For this reason, folivorous animals tend to have long digestive tracts and slow metabolisms. Many enlist the help of symbiotic bacteria to release the nutrients in their diet. Additionally, as has been observed in folivorous primates, they exhibit a strong preference for immature leaves, which tend to be easier to masticate, tend to be higher in energy and protein, and lower in fibre and poisons than more mature fibrous leaves. Evolution Herbivory has evolved several times among different groups of animals. The first vertebrates were small fish that consumed protists and invertebrates. After these fish, the next group of vertebrates to evolve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ursine Howler
The ursine howler (''Alouatta arctoidea'') is a species of howler monkey native to Venezuela and possibly Colombia. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Venezuelan red howler and classified as ''Alouatta seniculus arctoidea''. References ursine howler Mammals of Venezuela ursine howler The ursine howler (''Alouatta arctoidea'') is a species of howler monkey native to Venezuela and possibly Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North Ameri ... Taxa named by Ángel Cabrera (naturalist) {{newworld-monkey-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guatemalan Black Howler
Guatemalan may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Guatemala * A person from Guatemala, or of Guatemalan descent. For information about the Guatemalan people, see Demographics of Guatemala and Culture of Guatemala. For specific persons, see List of Guatemalans. * Note that there is no language called "Guatemalan". See Languages of Guatemala. * Guatemalan cuisine Most traditional foods in Guatemalan cuisine are based on Maya cuisine, with Spanish influence, and prominently feature corn, chilies and beans as key ingredients. Guatemala is famously home to the Hass avocado. There are also foods that are c ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Howler Monkey
The Mexican howler (''Alouatta palliata mexicana'') is a subspecies of the mantled howler, ''A. palliata''. This subspecies is found predominantly in forests between south eastern Mexico and north eastern Peru. Typical of its species, the Mexican howler monkey has a prehensile tail, a deep jaw, and a large pharynx which it uses to make characteristically deep and resonating howls. Mantled howler monkeys are known for forming unusually large cohorts averaging 14 members and sometimes extending to 40 members. Taxonomy There are five subspecies of the ''A. palliata'' which are ''Alouatta palliata aequatorialis'', ''Alouatta palliata coibensis'', ''Alouatta palliata palliata'', ''Alouatta palliata trabeata'' and ''Alouatta palliata mexicana''. Compared with members of the howler monkey genus, the Mexican howler is sympatric with the Guatemalan black howler, ''A. pigra'', in Tabasco, Mexico. The Mexican howler differs from the golden-mantled howler, ''A. palliata palliata'', primarily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden-mantled Howler
The golden-mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata palliata'') is a subspecies of the mantled howler, ''A. palliata''. It ranges throughout much of Central America, in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and possibly Panama. The range limits between the golden-mantled howler and the Ecuadorian mantled howler are not entirely clear. The Ecuadorian mantled howler replaces the golden-mantled howler in either extreme eastern Costa Rica or western Panama. The golden-mantled howler differs from the Ecuadorian mantled howler primarily by being darker, with a mantle that is more rufous than yellowish. The golden-mantled howler differs from the Mexican howler monkey primarily in aspects of skull morphology. References golden-mantled howler Primates of Central America golden-mantled howler golden-mantled howler The golden-mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata palliata'') is a subspecies of the mantled howler, ''A. palliata''. It ranges throughout much of Central America, in G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecuadorian Mantled Howler
The Ecuadorian mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata aequatorialis'') is a subspecies of the mantled howler, ''A. palliata''. It ranges from Panama (or possibly the eastern tip of Costa Rica) through Colombia and Ecuador into northern Peru. The range limits between the Ecuadorian mantled howler and the golden-mantled howler The golden-mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata palliata'') is a subspecies of the mantled howler, ''A. palliata''. It ranges throughout much of Central America, in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and possibly Panama. The range limi ... are not entirely clear. The Ecuadorian mantled howler replaces the Golden-mantled howler in either extreme eastern Costa Rica or western Panama. The Ecuadorian mantled howler differs from the golden-mantled howler primarily by being paler, with a more yellowish mantle. File:Panamanian Male Adult Howler Monkey.jpg, male File:Ecuadorian mantled howler (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) family group.jpg, troop Fil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantled Howler
The mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata'') is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central and South America. It is one of the monkey species most often seen and heard in the wild in Central America. It takes its "mantled" name from the long guard hairs on its sides. The mantled howler is one of the largest Central American monkeys, and males can weigh up to . It is the only Central American monkey that eats large quantities of leaves; it has several adaptations to this folivorous diet. Since leaves are difficult to digest and provide less energy than most foods, the mantled howler spends the majority of each day resting and sleeping. The male mantled howler has an enlarged hyoid bone, a hollow bone near the vocal cords, which amplifies the calls made by the male, and is the reason for the name "howler". Howling allows the monkeys to locate each other without expending energy on moving or risking physical confrontation. The mantled howler lives in groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azuero Howler
The Azuero howler (''Alouatta coibensis trabeata'') a type of monkey that is a subspecies of the Coiba Island howler ''A. coibensis''. This subspecies is endemic to the Azuero Peninsula in Panama. The Azuero howler is distinguished primarily by its golden flanks and loins, and browner appearance on the rest of its body. Although generally considered a subspecies of ''A. coibensis'', there is some debate within the scientific community as to whether ''A. coibensis'' itself is a valid species. If not, ''A. c. trabeata'' would be considered subspecies of the mantled howler The mantled howler (''Alouatta palliata'') is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, from Central and South America. It is one of the monkey species most often seen and heard in the wild in Central America. It takes its "mantled" ..., ''A. palliata''. In that case its trinomial name would be ''A. p. trabeata''. References Primates of Central America Howler monkeys Mammals described in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alouatta Coibensis Coibensis
The Coiba Island howler (''Alouatta coibensis'') is a type of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Panama. Although the Coiba Island howler has been recognized as a separate species by a number of authorities since a 1987 study of its fingerprints, mitochondrial DNA testing found it does not differ from mantled howler populations in any significant way. A reason given for treating it as a separate species is that the dermal ridges of its hands and feet differ from those of the mantled howler. ''A. c. coibensis'' is smaller than other Central American howler monkeys and has duller pelage than the Azuero howler, ''Alouatta coibensis trabeata''. Subspecies Two subspecies of this howler have been recognized by those who consider it a separate species: *''Alouatta coibensis coibensis'' Thomas, 1902, found on Coiba Island and Jicaron, off the Pacific coast of Panama *Azuero howler, ''A. c. trabeata'' Lawrence, 1933, endemic to the Azuero Peninsula Azuero Peninsula ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coiba Island Howler
The Coiba Island howler (''Alouatta coibensis'') is a type of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Panama. Although the Coiba Island howler has been recognized as a separate species by a number of authorities since a 1987 study of its fingerprints, mitochondrial DNA testing found it does not differ from mantled howler populations in any significant way. A reason given for treating it as a separate species is that the dermal ridges of its hands and feet differ from those of the mantled howler. ''A. c. coibensis'' is smaller than other Central American howler monkeys and has duller pelage than the Azuero howler, ''Alouatta coibensis trabeata''. Subspecies Two subspecies of this howler have been recognized by those who consider it a separate species: *''Alouatta coibensis coibensis'' Thomas, 1902, found on Coiba Island and Jicaron, off the Pacific coast of Panama *Azuero howler, ''A. c. trabeata'' Lawrence, 1933, endemic to the Azuero Peninsula Azuero Peninsula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captivity (animal)
Animals that are held by humans and prevented from escaping are said to be in captivity. The term is usually applied to wild animals that are held in confinement, but may also be used generally to describe the keeping of domesticated animals such as livestock or pets. This may include, for example, animals in farms, private homes, zoos and laboratories. Animal captivity may be categorized according to the particular motives, objectives and conditions of the confinement. History Throughout history not only domestic animals as pets and livestock were kept in captivity and under human care, but also wild animals. Despite the fact that wild animals have been harbored by humans for thousands of years, this captivity has not always approximated present zoos. Some were failed domestication attempts. Also, in past times, primarily the wealthy, aristocrats and kings collected wild animals for various reasons.The affluent built the first zoos as personal collections to demonstrate their d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
