Howard Brandt
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Howard Brandt
Howard Edward Brandt (January 2, 1939 in Emerado, North Dakota – April 13, 2014) was a physicist with the United States Army Research Laboratory in Maryland, and was notable for his work in general relativity and quantum field theory and quantum information. He was the inventor of the turbutron. Education In 1958, he graduated from Queen Anne High School, Seattle, Washington (U.S. state), Washington. He received his BS in physics from MIT as a National Sloan Scholar, 1962. He received his MS in physics from the University of Washington, 1963. He obtained his PhD at the University of Washington with a thesis entitled ''Sixth Order Charge Renormalization Constant,'' under Marshall Baker, 1970, calculating the divergent part of the inverse charge renormalization constant in quantum electrodynamics to sixth order in perturbation theory in Feynman gauge to verify the gauge invariance of the calculation. Career In 1972, he was a postdoc in the area of general relativity at the Univers ...
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Emerado, North Dakota
Emerado is a city in Grand Forks County, North Dakota, United States located near Grand Forks Air Force Base. It is part of the "Grand Forks, ND- MN Metropolitan Statistical Area" or "Greater Grand Forks". The population was 443 at the 2020 census. Grand Forks Air Force Base is located near Emerado. Geography Emerado is located at (47.921538, -97.364216). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Education Emerado Elementary School has students Pre-K through 8. Students graduating on to High School can open enroll in any of the nearby schools (Grand Forks, Northwood, Larimore). Emerado school provides bus service to Larimore High School only. Emerado School has a breakfast program as well as an after-school program for the students. Student enrollment is around a hundred students which offers students the comfort of a small school without taking away from their educational opportunities. Demographics 2010 census As of the ce ...
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Quantum Optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics dealing with how individual quanta of light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing. History Light propagating in a restricted volume of space has its energy and momentum quantized according to an integer number of particles known as photons. Quantum optics studies the nature and effects of light as quantized photons. The first major development leading to that understanding was the correct modeling of the blackbody radiation spectrum by Max Planck in 1899 under the hypothesis of light being emitted in discrete units of energy. The photoelectric effect was further evidence of this quantization as explained by Albert Einstein in a 1905 paper ...
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Quantum Cryptography
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. The best known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it allows the completion of various cryptographic tasks that are proven or conjectured to be impossible using only classical (i.e. non-quantum) communication. For example, it is impossible to copy data encoded in a quantum state. If one attempts to read the encoded data, the quantum state will be changed due to wave function collapse (no-cloning theorem). This could be used to detect eavesdropping in quantum key distribution (QKD). History In the early 1970s, Stephen Wiesner, then at Columbia University in New York, introduced the concept of quantum conjugate coding. His seminal paper titled "Conjugate Coding" was rejected by the IEEE Information T ...
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Quantum Computation
Quantum computing is a type of computation whose operations can harness the phenomena of quantum mechanics, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement. Devices that perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers. Though current quantum computers may be too small to outperform usual (classical) computers for practical applications, larger realizations are believed to be capable of solving certain computational problems, such as integer factorization (which underlies RSA encryption), substantially faster than classical computers. The study of quantum computing is a subfield of quantum information science. There are several models of quantum computation with the most widely used being quantum circuits. Other models include the quantum Turing machine, quantum annealing, and adiabatic quantum computation. Most models are based on the quantum bit, or "qubit", which is somewhat analogous to the bit in classical computation. A qubit can be in a 1 or 0 quantum s ...
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Positive Operator Valued Measure
In functional analysis and quantum measurement theory, a positive operator-valued measure (POVM) is a measure whose values are positive semi-definite operators on a Hilbert space. POVMs are a generalisation of projection-valued measures (PVM) and, correspondingly, quantum measurements described by POVMs are a generalisation of quantum measurement described by PVMs (called projective measurements). In rough analogy, a POVM is to a PVM what a mixed state is to a pure state. Mixed states are needed to specify the state of a subsystem of a larger system (see purification of quantum state); analogously, POVMs are necessary to describe the effect on a subsystem of a projective measurement performed on a larger system. POVMs are the most general kind of measurement in quantum mechanics, and can also be used in quantum field theory. They are extensively used in the field of quantum information. Definition In the simplest case, of a POVM with a finite number of elements acting on ...
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Ulrich Award
Ulrich (), is a German given name, derived from Old High German ''Uodalrich'', ''Odalric''. It is composed of the elements '' uodal-'' meaning "(noble) heritage" and ''-rich'' meaning "rich, powerful". Attested from the 8th century as the name of Alamannic nobility, the name is popularly given from the high medieval period in reference to Saint Ulrich of Augsburg (canonized 993). There is also a surname Ulrich. It is most prevalent in Germany and has the highest density in SwitzerlandThis last name was found in the United States around the year 1840Most Americans with the last name were concentrated in Pennsylvania, which was home to many Pennsylvania Dutch, German immigrant communities. Nowadays in the United States, the name is distributed largely in the Pennsylvania-Ohio regio History Documents record the Old High German name ''Oadalrich'' or ''Uodalrich'' from the later 8th century in Alamannia. The related name '' Adalric'' (Anglo-Saxon cognate '' Æthelric'') is attested ...
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Hinman Award
Hinman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Arthur Hinman (1890–1915), Australian rules footballer * Benjamin Hinman (1719–1810), American surveyor, soldier, and politician * Bill Hinman (1892–1964), Australian rules footballer * Brian Hinman (born 1961), American entrepreneur * George E. Hinman (1870–1961), Connecticut politician * George Wheeler Hinman (1864–1927), American writer and publisher * Harold J. Hinman (1877–1955), New York assemblyman and judge * Harvey D. Hinman (1865–1954), New York state senator * Jacqueline Hinman (born 1961), American businesswoman * Lawrence M. Hinman Lawrence Michael Hinman (born September 26, 1944) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of San Diego. He is known for his expertise on moral philosophy Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of p ... (born 1942), American philosopher * Paul Hinman (born 1959), Canadian entrepreneur and politician See also * ...
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Siple Medal
* Allen Siple (1900–1973), American architect * Paul Siple (1908–1968), American Antarctic explorer * Siple Island, an island in Wrigley Gulf * Mount Siple, a volcano in Siple Island * Siple Coast, a coast in Ross Ice Shelf * Siple Station, an Antarctic station, established in 1973 * Siple Ridge, a high ridge, in the Quartermain Mountains, Victoria Land * Siple Dome Siple Dome () is an ice dome approximately 100 km wide and 100 km long, located 130 km east of Siple Coast in Antarctica. Charles Bentley and Robert Thomas established a "strain rosette" on this feature to determine ice movement in ..., an ice dome east of Siple Coast in Antarctica * Siple-Passel equation, a way to calculate Wind chill factor {{Disambig ...
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Harry Diamond Laboratory
The Harry Diamond Laboratories (HDL) was a research facility of the Ordnance Development Division of the National Bureau of Standards and later the US Army, most notable for its work on proximity fuzes in World War II. The organization was founded in 1940, but was not named after its first director Harry Diamond until 1962. HDL was one of seven Army laboratories merged to form the new Army Research Laboratory in 1992. History In 1940, concerned about increasing warfare abroad, the National Defense Research Committee organized a group of scientists and engineers into the Ordnance Development Division of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), to develop fuzes for non-rotating (fin-stabilized) munitions such as bombs, rockets and mortar shells. Harry Diamond, a pioneer radio engineer, was given technical direction of the program, a position he held until his death in 1948. Proximity fuzes were first used in combat in January 1943, and the U.S. War Department later described ...
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University Of Maryland, College Park
The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public land-grant research university in College Park, Maryland. Founded in 1856, UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland. It is also the largest university in both the state and the Washington metropolitan area, with more than 41,000 students representing all fifty states and 123 countries, and a global alumni network of over 388,000. Together, its 12 schools and colleges offer over 200 degree-granting programs, including 92 undergraduate majors, 107 master's programs, and 83 doctoral programs. UMD is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The University of Maryland's proximity to the nation's capital has resulted in many research partnerships with the federal government; faculty receive research funding and institutional support from many agencies, such as ...
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Quantum Electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction. In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it "the jewel of physics" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen. History The first formulation of a quantum theory describing radiation and matter interaction is attributed to British scientist Paul Dirac, who ( ...
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