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Horse Transports In The Middle Ages
Horse transports in the Middle Ages were boats used for effective means of transporting horses over long distances, whether for war or general transport. They can be found from the Early Middle Ages, in Celtic, Germanic and Mediterranean traditions. Military shipment of horses The Mediterranean World The Romans had developed efficient methods of sea transport for horses, which were improved by the Arabic nations in the Early Middle Ages; these transports became common in Europe from the tenth century. Horse transports could be powered by oars or, sometimes, by sail. The oared ''tarida'' was able to be loaded and unloaded directly on a beach, using doors as loading ramps.Nicolle (1999) pp 271-4 In 1174 an Italo-Norman force attacked Alexandria with 1,500 horses transported on 36 ''tarides''. Detailed specifications for thirteenth century tarides exist, showing they could carry 20-30 horses. In Angevin tarides, horses were stalled in threes, supported by canvas slings. Genoese tar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bremen Hansekogge RolandvonBremen
Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. With about 570,000 inhabitants, the Hanseatic League, Hanseatic city is the List of cities in Germany by population, 11th largest city of Germany and the second largest city in Northern Germany after Hamburg. Bremen is the largest city on the River Weser, the longest river flowing entirely in Germany, lying some upstream from its River mouth, mouth into the North Sea, and is surrounded by the state of Lower Saxony. A commercial and industrial city, Bremen is, together with Oldenburg (city), Oldenburg and Bremerhaven, part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region, with 2.5 million people. Bremen is contiguous with the Lower Saxon towns of Delmenhor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normandy
Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises mainland Normandy (a part of France) and the Channel Islands (mostly the British Crown Dependencies). It covers . Its population is 3,499,280. The inhabitants of Normandy are known as Normans, and the region is the historic homeland of the Norman language. Large settlements include Rouen, Caen, Le Havre and Cherbourg. The cultural region of Normandy is roughly similar to the historical Duchy of Normandy, which includes small areas now part of the departments of Mayenne and Sarthe. The Channel Islands (French: ''Îles Anglo-Normandes'') are also historically part of Normandy; they cover and comprise two bailiwicks: Guernsey and Jersey, which are B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann Hyland
Ann Hyland is a writer and historian who specialises in equestrianism and the development of horses. She is also a consultant for the Oxford English Dictionary The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the first and foundational historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a co ....StaffConsultants, advisers, and contributors Oxford English Dictionary Ann Hyland trains horses as well as being a freelance lecturer on equestrian topics.StaffAbout Ann Hyland Greenwood Publishing Select bibliography * ''Beginner's Guide to Western Riding'' (1971)World CatBooks by Ann Hyland World Cat * ''Foal to Five Years'' (1980) * ''The Endurance Horse'' (1988) * ''Riding Long Distance'' (1988) * ''Equus: The Horse in the Roman World'' (1990) * ''The Appaloosa'' (1990) * ''Training the Roman Cavalry'' (1993) * ''The Medieval Warhorse: From Byzantium to the Crusades' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelly DeVries
Kelly Robert DeVries (born December 23, 1956) is an American historian specializing in the warfare of the Middle Ages. He is often featured as an expert commentator on television documentaries. He is professor of history at Loyola University Maryland and Honorary Historical Consultant at the Royal Armouries, UK. Education He received his PhD in Medieval studies in 1987 from the University of Toronto, Centre for Medieval Studies. Awards DeVries with co-editor Michael Livingston was named as one of the recipients of the 2017 Distinguished Book Award from the Society for Military History for their book ''The Battle of Crécy: A Casebook''. Selected works * (1992) ''Medieval Military Technology'' Broadview Press. * (1999) ''Joan of Arc: A Military Leader'' Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, * (1999) ''The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066'' Boydell Press, . * (1996) ''Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century'' Boydell Press. * ''Guns and Men in Medieval Europe'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Bradbury
Jim Bradbury (born 27 February 1937) is a British historian specialising in the military history of the Middle Ages. Bradbury lectured in history at Brunel University. Selected works * (1975) ''Shakespeare and his Theatre'', Longman, * (1985) ''The Medieval Archer'', The Boydell Press, * (1988) ''Introduction to The Buckinghamshire Domesday'', Alecto Historical Editions, * (1992) ''The Medieval Siege'', The Boydell Press, * (1996) ''Stephen and Matilda: Civil War of 1139-53'', Sutton Publishing, * (1997) ''Philip Augustus: King of France, 1180-1223'', Longman, * (1998) ''The Battle of Hastings'', Sutton Publishing, * (2004) ''The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare'', London: Routledge, * (2007) ''The Capetians: Kings of France 987-1314'', Hambledon Continuum, * (2010) ''Robin Hood'', Amberley Publishing, * (2021) ''The Battle of Hastings: The Fall of the Anglo-Saxons and the Rise of the Normans'', New York: Pegasus Books, Collaborations With Matthew Bennett, Kell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew Bennett (historian)
Matthew Bennett (born 1954) is a historian specialising in Medieval warfare. He taught as a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Communication and Applied Behavioural Science at The Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, UK, for thirty years, retiring in 2014. He holds a degree in History and an MA in Medieval History from King's College, London, where he studied under R. Allen Brown, and is a fellow of both the Society of Antiquaries and the Royal Historical Society The Royal Historical Society, founded in 1868, is a learned society of the United Kingdom which advances scholarly studies of history. Origins The society was founded and received its royal charter in 1868. Until 1872 it was known as the Histori .... In 2011 he was awarded a PhD By Means of Published Works by the University of Northampton. He is the author and editor of numerous books and articles on Medieval warfare. Publications * *With Nicholas Hooper: * *With Jim Bradbury, Kelly DeVries, Iain Dickie, and Phy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French Crown, French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. Over time, the war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides. The Hundred Years' War was one of the most significant conflicts of the Middle Ages. For 116 years, interrupted by several Ceasefire, truces, five generations of kings from two rival Dynasty, dynasties fought for the throne of the dominant kingdom in Western Europe. The war's effect on European history was lasting. Both sides produced innovations in military technology and tactics, including professional standing armies and artillery, that permanently changed warfare in Europe; chivalry, which had reac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William I Of England
William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. His illegitimate status and his youth caused s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tun (unit)
The tun ( ang, tunne, la, tunellus, ) is an English unit of ''liquid volume'' (not weight), used for measuring wine, oil or honey. Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. The modern tun is about 954 litres. The word ''tun'' is etymologically related to the word ''ton'' for the unit of mass, the mass of a tun of wine being approximately one long ton, which is . History Originally, the tun was defined as 256 wine gallons; this is the basis for the name of the quarter of 64 corn gallons. At some time before the 15th century, it was reduced to 252 gallons, so as to be evenly divisible by other small integers, including seven.252 = In one Early Modern English example from 1507, a tun is defined as 240 gallons. With the adoption of the Queen Anne wine gallon of 231 cubic inches in 1706 the tun approximated the volume of a cylinder with both dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manger
__NOTOC__ A manger or trough is a rack for fodder, or a structure or feeder used to hold food for animals. The word comes from the Old French ''mangier'' (meaning "to eat"), from Latin ''mandere'' (meaning "to chew"). Mangers are mostly used in livestock raising and generally found at stables and farmhouses. They are also used to feed wild animals, e.g., in nature reserves. A similar trough providing drinking water for domestic or non-domestic animals is a watering trough and may be part of a larger watering structure called abreuvoir. The manger in Christianity The manger is also associated with nativity scenes where Mary and Joseph, forced by necessity to stay in a room for animals instead of a guest room, used a manger as a makeshift crib for the Baby Jesus. ( el, φάτνη ''phatnē''; Luke 2:7). Gallery File:Devil's_Farmhouse,_Mellieha.jpeg, 18th century limestone mangers at The Devil's Farmhouse in Mellieha, Malta. File:Donkey eating.jpg, Donkey eating apples from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hurdle
A hurdle (UK English, limited US English) is a moveable section of light fence. In the United States, terms such as "panel", "pipe panel" or simply "fence section" are used to describe moveable sections of fencing intended for agricultural use and crowd control; "hurdle" refers primarily to fences used as jumping obstacles for steeplechasing with horses or human track and field competition. Traditional hurdles were made from wattle, but modern designs for fencing are often made of metal. They are used for handling livestock, as decorative fencing, for steeplechasing and in the track and field event of hurdling and Shuttle Hurdle Relay. Types Traditional hurdles are made from wattle, usually of hazel or willow. Hurdle-making is a traditional woodland craft, made by placing upright sticks in holes in a log and weaving split branches between them. Historically they were used to pen livestock or to separate land in open field systems, but they are now popular as decorative fen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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