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Hookworm
Hookworms are intestinal, blood-feeding, parasitic roundworms that cause types of infection known as helminthiases. Hookworm infection is found in many parts of the world, and is common in areas with poor access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene. In humans, infections are caused by two main species of roundworm, belonging to the genera ''Ancylostoma'' and '' Necator''. In other animals the main parasites are species of ''Ancylostoma''. Species The two most common types of hookworm that infect humans are ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus''. Hookworm species that are known to infect domestic cats are ''Ancylostoma braziliense'' and ''Ancylostoma tubaeforme''. Wild cats are infected by ''Ancylostoma pluridentatum''. Dogs are commonly infected by ''Ancylostoma caninum'', but may also be infected by ''Uncinaria stenocephala'' and ''Ancylostoma braziliense''. In Asia, ''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' is endemic among dogs and cats and infects humans. Cattle ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hookworm Infection
Hookworm infection is an infection by a type of intestinal parasite known as a hookworm. Initially, itching and a rash may occur at the site of infection. Those only affected by a few worms may show no symptoms. Those infected by many worms may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and tiredness. The mental and physical development of children may be affected. Anemia may result. Two common hookworm infections in humans are ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis, caused by the species ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus'' respectively. Hookworm eggs are deposited in the stools of infected people. If these end up in the environment, they can hatch into larvae (immature worms), which can then penetrate the skin. One type can also be spread through contaminated food. Risk factors include walking barefoot in warm climates, where sanitation is poor. Diagnosis is by examination of a stool sample with a microscope. The disease can be prevented on an individual le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hookworms
Hookworms are intestinal, blood-feeding, parasitic roundworms that cause types of infection known as helminthiases. Hookworm infection is found in many parts of the world, and is common in areas with poor access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene. In humans, infections are caused by two main species of roundworm, belonging to the genera ''Ancylostoma'' and '' Necator''. In other animals the main parasites are species of ''Ancylostoma''. Species The two most common types of hookworm that infect humans are ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus''. Hookworm species that are known to infect domestic cats are ''Ancylostoma braziliense'' and ''Ancylostoma tubaeforme''. Wild cats are infected by ''Ancylostoma pluridentatum''. Dogs are commonly infected by ''Ancylostoma caninum'', but may also be infected by ''Uncinaria stenocephala'' and ''Ancylostoma braziliense''. In Asia, ''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' is endemic among dogs and cats and infects humans. Cattle ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hookworm
Hookworms are intestinal, blood-feeding, parasitic roundworms that cause types of infection known as helminthiases. Hookworm infection is found in many parts of the world, and is common in areas with poor access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene. In humans, infections are caused by two main species of roundworm, belonging to the genera ''Ancylostoma'' and '' Necator''. In other animals the main parasites are species of ''Ancylostoma''. Species The two most common types of hookworm that infect humans are ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus''. Hookworm species that are known to infect domestic cats are ''Ancylostoma braziliense'' and ''Ancylostoma tubaeforme''. Wild cats are infected by ''Ancylostoma pluridentatum''. Dogs are commonly infected by ''Ancylostoma caninum'', but may also be infected by ''Uncinaria stenocephala'' and ''Ancylostoma braziliense''. In Asia, ''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' is endemic among dogs and cats and infects humans. Cattle ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hookworm LifeCycle
Hookworms are intestinal, blood-feeding, parasitic roundworms that cause types of infection known as helminthiases. Hookworm infection is found in many parts of the world, and is common in areas with poor access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene. In humans, infections are caused by two main species of roundworm, belonging to the genera ''Ancylostoma'' and '' Necator''. In other animals the main parasites are species of ''Ancylostoma''. Species The two most common types of hookworm that infect humans are ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' and ''Necator americanus''. Hookworm species that are known to infect domestic cats are ''Ancylostoma braziliense'' and ''Ancylostoma tubaeforme''. Wild cats are infected by ''Ancylostoma pluridentatum''. Dogs are commonly infected by ''Ancylostoma caninum'', but may also be infected by ''Uncinaria stenocephala'' and ''Ancylostoma braziliense''. In Asia, ''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' is endemic among dogs and cats and infects humans. Cattle are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Necator Americanus
''Necator americanus'' is a species of hookworm (a type of helminth) commonly known as the New World hookworm. Like other hookworms, it is a member of the phylum Nematoda. It is an obligatory parasitic nematode that lives in the small intestine of human hosts. Necatoriasis—a type of helminthiasis—is the term for the condition of being host to an infestation of a species of ''Necator''. Since ''N. americanus'' and ''Ancylostoma duodenale'' (also known as Old World hookworm) are the two species of hookworms that most commonly infest humans, they are usually dealt with under the collective heading of "hookworm infection". They differ most obviously in geographical distribution, structure of mouthparts, and relative size. ''Necator americanus'' has been proposed as an alternative to ''Trichuris suis'' in helminthic therapy. Morphology This parasite has two dorsal and two ventral cutting plates around the anterior margin of the buccal capsule. It also has a pair of subdorsal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylostoma Caninum
''Ancylostoma caninum'' is a species of nematode known as a hookworm, which principally infects the small intestine of dogs. The result of ''A. caninum'' infection ranges from asymptomatic cases to death of the dog; better nourishment, increasing age, prior ''A. caninum'' exposure, or vaccination are all linked to improved survival. Other hosts include carnivores such as wolves, foxes, and cats, with a small number of cases having been reported in humans. Warm and moist conditions are important to allow survival of ''A. caninum'' during the free-living stages of its lifecycle, so it is largely restricted to temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions. In parts of the world where these climatic requirements are met such as Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and Malaysia, ''A. caninum'' is the main cause of hookworm disease in canines. Morphology ''A. caninum'' females are typically long and wide, while the males are smaller at in length and in width. Males have copulatory bursa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helminthiases
Helminthiasis, also known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. There are numerous species of these parasites, which are broadly classified into tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. They often live in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts, but they may also burrow into other organs, where they induce physiological damage. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are the most important helminthiases, and are among the neglected tropical diseases. These group of helminthiases have been targeted under the joint action of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies and non-governmental organizations through a project launched in 2012 called the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, which aims to control or eradicate certain neglected tropical diseases by 2020. Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome, poor cogniti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncinaria Stenocephala
''Uncinaria stenocephala'' is a nematode that Parasitism, parasitizes dogs, cats, and foxes as well as humans. It is rare to find in cats in the United States. ''Uncinaria stenocephala'' is the most common canine hookworm in cooler regions, such as Canada and the northern regions of the US, where it can be found primarily in foxes (40%). ''U. stenocephala'' is also one of the most common hookworms in the UK, called the northern hookworm, however it has a rather low prevalence. ''U. stenocephala is'' also considered to be zoonotic hookworms because they live in animals but can be transmitted to humans. Life cycle The host ingests an infective third stage larva. The larva matures to the adult in the small intestine. Eggs are laid in the small intestine and pass out with the feces. The prepatent period is about 15 to 17 days. The eggs hatch in the soil and the larvae molt twice to reach the infective third-stage. Infections worsen and amplify when dogs who are regularly kept outsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylostoma Ceylanicum
''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' is a parasitic roundworm belonging to the genus ''Ancylostoma''. It is a hookworm both of humans and of other mammals such as dogs, cats, and golden hamsters. It is the only zoonotic hookworm species that is able to produce symptomatic infections in humans, with the majority of cases being in Southeast Asia. Discovery and history Since the description of ''Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' by Arthur Looss in 1911, and '' A. braziliense'' by Gomes de Faria in 1910, the two species were considered synonymous because of their apparent similarities in almost all respects. In 1913, comparison of specimens from human, dog, cat and lion infections in India led to the conclusion that they were definitely identical. In 1915 Gomes de Faria described the anatomical structures and concluded that the two were distinct species. Until 1921 ''A. ceylanicum'' was accepted as a valid species. However, in 1922 Gordon made an exhaustive comparison from specimens collected in Brazil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancylostoma Braziliense
''Ancylostoma braziliense'' is a species of hookworm belonging to the genus ''Ancylostoma''. It is an intestinal parasite of domestic cats and dogs. Severe infection is often fatal to these pets, especially in puppies and kittens. The infection is particularly endemic in the southern United States. It is most often confused with the zoonotic hookworm species '' Ancylostoma ceylanicum'' because of their uncanny resemblance. ''Ancyclostoma braziliense'' larvae can cause accidental infection in humans called cutaneous larval migration or creeping eruption, which produces severe itching in the skin. It is the most common skin infection in tropical region, particularly along the beaches of the Caribbean. Discovery and history When ''A. braziliense'' was described by Gomes de Faria in 1910, and ''A. ceylanicum'' by Arthur Looss in 1911, the two species were regarded as synonymous because of their apparent similarities in almost all respect. Especially in 1913, comparison of specimen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barefoot
Barefoot is the state of not wearing any footwear. There are health benefits and some risks associated with going barefoot. Shoes, while they offer protection, can limit the flexibility, strength, and mobility of the foot and can lead to higher incidences of flexible flat foot, bunions, hammer toe, and Morton's neuroma. Walking and running barefoot results in a more natural gait, allowing for a more rocking motion of the foot, eliminating the hard heel strike and generating less collision force in the foot and lower leg. There are many sports that are performed barefoot, most notably gymnastics and martial arts, but also beach volleyball, swimming, barefoot running, barefoot hiking, and water skiing. Certain situations can however determine people to be barefoot against their will mainly for reasons of precaution, identification or punishment. Historical and religious aspects Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games participated barefoot and generally unclothed. The Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albendazole
Albendazole (also known as albendazolum) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rare but potentially serious side effects include bone marrow suppression which usually improves on discontinuing the medication. Liver inflammation has been reported and those with prior liver problems are at greater risk. It is pregnancy category C in the United States and category D in Australia, meaning it may cause harm if taken by pregnant women. Albendazole was developed in 1975. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Albendazole is an effective tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
