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Hoogstraten V
Hoogstraten () is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp (province), Antwerp. The municipality comprises Hoogstraten, Meer, Antwerp, Meer, Meerle, Meersel-Dreef, Minderhout and Wortel, Belgium, Wortel (Meersel-Dreef includes the Geography of Belgium, northernmost point in Belgium). Hoogstraten (originally ''Hoogstraeten'') has a population of over 20,000, and lies in Flanders at the northern border of Belgium within an enclave surrounded on three sides by the Netherlands. Today, about 15% percent of the population consists of Dutch people. The town is named after the ''hoge straat'' or "high road" – a military highway that linked the old towns of Antwerp and 's-Hertogenbosch. In the town's early days, little trade existed. Villages and towns produced just enough for their own support, with little or no surplus to be 'sold' to other areas. Thus, most travelers along this high road were soldiers and armies. Today Hoogstraten is internationally known for its str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrondissement Of Turnhout
The Arrondissement of Turnhout ( nl, Arrondissement Turnhout; french: Arrondissement de Turnhout) is one of the three administrative Arrondissements of Belgium, arrondissements in the Provinces of Belgium, Province of Antwerp (province), Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an Arrondissements of Belgium#Administrative, administrative and a Arrondissements of Belgium#Judicial, judicial arrondissement. The territory of the Judicial Arrondissement of Turnhout coincides with that of the ''Administrative Arrondissement of Turnhout'' and part of the Campine region. Municipalities The Administrative Arrondissement of Turnhout consists of the following Municipalities of Belgium, municipalities: *Arendonk *Baarle-Hertog *Balen *Beerse *Dessel *Geel *Grobbendonk *Herentals *Herenthout *Herselt *Hoogstraten *Hulshout *Kasterlee *Laakdal *Lille, Belgium, Lille *Meerhout *Merksplas *Mol (Belgium), Mol *Olen, Belgium, Olen *Oud-Turnhout *Ravels *Retie *Rijkevorsel *Turnhout *Vorselaar *Vosselaar *Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beguinage
A beguinage, from the French term ''béguinage'', is an architectural complex which was created to house beguines: lay religious women who lived in community without taking vows or retiring from the world. Originally the beguine institution was the convent, an association of beguines living together or in close proximity of each other under the guidance of a single superior, called a mistress or prioress. Although they were not usually referred to as "convents", in these houses dwelt a small number of women together: the houses small, informal, and often poor communities that emerged across Europe after the twelfth century. In most cases, beguines who lived in a convent agreed to obey certain regulations during their stay and contributed to a collective fund. In the first decades of the thirteenth century much larger and more stable types of community emerged in the region of the Low Countries: large ''court'' beguinages were formed which consisted of several houses for beguines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Charles VI
, house = Habsburg , spouse = , issue = , issue-link = #Children , issue-pipe = , father = Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg , birth_date = , birth_place = Hofburg Palace, Vienna , death_date = , death_place = Palais Augarten, Vienna , place of burial = Imperial Crypt , signature = Signatur Karl VI. (HRR).PNG , religion = Roman Catholicism Charles VI (german: Karl; la, Carolus; 1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I. He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain following the death of his relative, Charles II. In 1708, he married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, by whom he had his four children: Leopold Johann (who died in infancy), Maria Theresa (the last direct Habsburg sovereign), Maria Anna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy
A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a Middle Ages, medieval country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once existed an important difference between "sovereign dukes" and dukes who were ordinary noblemen throughout Europe. Some historic duchies were sovereign in areas that would become part of nation-states only during the modern era, such as happened in Germany (once a federal empire) and Italy (previously a unified kingdom). In contrast, others were subordinate districts of those Kingdom (politics), kingdoms that had unified either partially or completely during the medieval era, such as France, Spain, Sicily, Naples, and the Papal States. Examples In France, several duchies existed in the medieval period, including Duchy of Normandy, Normandy, Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy, Brittany, and Aquitaine. The medieval German Stem duchy, stem duchies (germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt. Present-day North Brabant (''Noord-Brabant'') was ceded to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Habsburg Netherlands until it was conquered by French Revolutionary forces in 1794, which was recognized by treaty in 1797. Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are in Belgium except for the Dutch province of North Brabant. Geography The Duchy of Brabant (adjective: ''Brabantian'' or '' Brabantine'') was historically divided into four parts, each with its own capital. The four capitals were Leuven, Brussels, Antwerp and 's-Hertogenbosch. Before 's-Hertogenb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eighty Years' War
The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) ( c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Reformation, centralisation, taxation, and the rights and privileges of the nobility and cities. After the initial stages, Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Netherlands, deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebel-held territories. However, widespread mutinies in the Spanish army caused a general uprising. Under the leadership of the exiled William the Silent, the Catholic- and Protestant-dominated provinces sought to establish religious peace while jointly opposing the king's regime with the Pacification of Ghent, but the general rebellion failed to sustain itself. Despite Governor of Spanish Netherlands and General for Spain, the Duke of Parma's steady military and diplomatic successes, the Union of Utrecht ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Of Flanders
The Army of Flanders ( es, Ejército de Flandes nl, Leger van Vlaanderen) was a multinational army in the service of the kings of Spain that was based in the Spanish Netherlands during the 16th to 18th centuries. It was notable for being the longest-serving army of the period, being in continuous service from 1567 until its disestablishment in 1706 and taking part in numerous pivotal battles of the Dutch Revolt (1567–1609) and the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). Because it employed or pioneered many developing military concepts more reminiscent of later military units, enjoying permanent, standing regiments (''tercios''), barracks, military hospitals and rest homes long before they were adopted in most of Europe, the Army of Flanders has been considered the world's de facto first modern professional standing army. Sustained at huge cost and at significant distances from Spain via the Spanish Road, the Army of Flanders also became infamous for successive mutinies and its ill-dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutiny Of Hoogstraten
The Mutiny of Hoogstraten (1 September 1602 – 18 May 1604) was the longest mutiny by soldiers of the Army of Flanders during the Eighty Years' War. Frederick Van den Berg's attempt to end the mutiny by force, with a siege to recapture the town, ended in defeat at the hands of an Anglo-Dutch army under of Maurice of Nassau. After a period of nearly three years the mutineers were able either to join Maurice's army or rejoin the Spanish army after a pardon had been ratified.Allen p 133 Background Maurice of Nassau had been actively campaigning against the Habsburg armies in the Southern Netherlands and took full advantage of Archduke Albert of Austria's preoccupation with the Siege of Ostend to capture several towns with royal garrisons in the Northern Netherlands.Borman pp 230-32 Maurice in his first objective successfully besieged and retook Rheinberg in July 1601. Between July and September 1602 the Spanish-held town of Grave was besieged and captured by the Dutch and Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Margaret Of Austria
Archduchess Margaret of Austria (german: Margarete; french: Marguerite; nl, Margaretha; es, Margarita; 10 January 1480 – 1 December 1530) was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1507 to 1515 and again from 1519 to 1530. She was the first of many female regents in the Netherlands. Childhood and life in France Margaret was born on 10 January 1480 and named after her stepgrandmother, Margaret of York. She was the second child and only daughter of Maximilian of Austria (future Holy Roman Emperor) and Mary of Burgundy, co-sovereigns of the Low Countries. In 1482, her mother died and her three-year-old brother Philip the Handsome succeeded her as sovereign of the Low Countries, with her father as his regent. The same year her mother died, King Louis XI of France signed the Treaty of Arras, whereby her father promised to give her hand in marriage to Louis' son, Dauphin Charles. The engagement took place in 1483. With Franche-Comté and Artois as her dowry, Margaret was tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elisabeth Van Culemborg
Elisabeth of Culemborg (30 March 1475, the former slot of Hoogstraten - 9 December 1555, Culemborg), nicknamed 'Lady Elizabeth ('Vrouwe Elisabeth') was the last sovereign lord or lady of the fiefdom of Culemborg (promoted to a county by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor shortly before her death), from 1504 until 1555. She was also the ''dame d'honneur'' of Archduchess Margaret of Austria. Life She was the heiress of jonker and Joanna of Burgundy. In 1501 Elisabeth married († 1508), who died in 1508. She remarried in 1509 to Antoon I van Lalaing, later acting-governor of the Netherlands. She had no children. She served as maid of honour Joan I of Castile from 1496 to her marriage, and was appointed ''dame d'honneur'' to her niece Archduchess Margaret of Austria in 1506. She spent a great deal of her life at the court of the Netherlands, where she was an important and leading figure. In parallel, she ruled in her domains, where she was known for her appreciation of arts and arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoon I Van Lalaing
Antoine I de Lalaing (1480–1540), 1st count of Hoogstraten and of Culemborg, was a Hainautese nobleman who held various offices in the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. Life De Lalaing was a son of Joost de Lalaing and Bonne van Viefville. He married Elisabeth van Culemborg, first lady-in-waiting to Margaret of Austria, still exists in the choir of the church if St.Catherine at Hoogstraten. It was from her that De Lalaing inherited the titles of Hoogstraten and Culemborg. The marriage remained childless. In 1501 he was chamberlain at the court of Philip the Handsome. Later, in 1510, he was Counsellor and Chamberlain to the young Charles of Luxemburg, later emperor Charles V. The Prints Cabinet of the Royal Library owns a series of six bistre-coloured ink drawings glued edge to edge representing the plan for the funeral of a knight of the Golden Fleece identified as Antoine de Lalaing (1480-1510). Also in 1510 he also became a member of the Great Council of Mechelen. In 1516 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wooden
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or woodchips or fiber. Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper. More recently it emerged as a feedstock for the production ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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