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Holly Marie Combs
Holly Marie Combs Ryan (born December 3, 1973) is an American actress and producer. She is known for her roles as Kimberly Brock in the CBS series '' Picket Fences'' (1992–1996), Piper Halliwell in The WB series ''Charmed'' (1998–2006) and Ella Montgomery in the Freeform series '' Pretty Little Liars'' (2010–2017). Early life Combs was born in San Diego, California, and is of Irish descent.Kizis, Deanna (December 2000). "Holly Charms Hollywood". ''Cosmopolitan'', pp190192 Via HollyMCombs.com. "Combs was born in San Diego when her mom was just 15 and her dad was 17." At the time of her birth, her mother, Lauralei Combs was 15 years old, and her father was 17. Combs's biological parents married, but the two split up after two years, feeling they were too young to make a marriage work. While Combs was learning to walk, she fell and hit her head on a marble table, resulting in a noticeable 'split' at the top of her right eyebrow. She lived in many different homes with her ...
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San Diego, California
San Diego ( , ; ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast of Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a 2020 population of 1,386,932, it is the eighth most populous city in the United States and the seat of San Diego County, the fifth most populous county in the United States, with 3,338,330 estimated residents as of 2019. The city is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches and parks, long association with the United States Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. San Diego is the second largest city in the state of California, after Los Angeles. Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego is frequently referred to as the "Birthplace of California", as it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the U.S. west coast. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the are ...
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Scuba Diver
Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving whereby divers use breathing equipment that is completely independent of a surface air supply. The name "scuba", an acronym for " Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus", was coined by Christian J. Lambertsen in a patent submitted in 1952. Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, affording them greater independence and movement than surface-supplied divers, and more time underwater than free divers. Although the use of compressed air is common, a gas blend with a higher oxygen content, known as enriched air or nitrox, has become popular due to the reduced nitrogen intake during long and/or repetitive dives. Also, breathing gas diluted with helium may be used to reduce the likelihood and effects of nitrogen narcosis during deeper dives. Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing ...
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Tom Cruise
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962), known professionally as Tom Cruise, is an American actor and producer. One of the world's highest-paid actors, he has received various accolades, including an Honorary Palme d'Or and three Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for three Academy Awards. His films have grossed over in North America and over worldwide, making him one of the highest-grossing box-office stars of all time. Cruise began acting in the early 1980s and made his breakthrough with leading roles in the comedy film '' Risky Business'' (1983) and action film '' Top Gun'' (1986). Critical acclaim came with his roles in the dramas '' The Color of Money'' (1986), ''Rain Man'' (1988), and '' Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989). For his portrayal of Ron Kovic in the latter, he won a Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. As a leading Hollywood star in the 1990s, he starred in several commercially successf ...
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Ron Kovic
Ronald Lawrence Kovic (born July 4, 1946) is an American anti-war activist, writer, and United States Marine Corps sergeant who was wounded and paralyzed in the Vietnam War. His 1976 memoir ''Born on the Fourth of July'' was made into the Academy Award–winning 1989 film directed by Oliver Stone. Kovic received the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay on January 20, 1990, 22 years to the day that he was wounded in Vietnam, and was nominated for an Academy Award in the same category. Early life Kovic was born in Ladysmith, Wisconsin, the second of six children of Patricia Ann Lamb (January 6, 1923 – June 30, 2006) and Eli Thomas Kovic (August 3, 1920 – May 1, 1999). Eli Thomas Kovic met Lamb while serving in the Navy during the Second World War after both enlisted shortly after the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. Eli was of Croatian ancestry, while Patricia was of Irish ancestry, and a housewife. Military service in Vietnam Kovic volunteered to serve in Vietnam, and was ...
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist states, while the south was supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The war is widely considered to be a Cold War-era proxy war. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973. The conflict also spilled over into neighboring states, exacerbating the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist states by 1975. After the French military withdrawal from Indochina in 1954 – following their defeat in the First Indochina War – the Viet Minh took control of North Vietnam, and the U.S. assumed financial and military support for the South Vietnames ...
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Born On The Fourth Of July
''Born on the Fourth of July'', published in 1976, is the best-selling autobiography by Ron Kovic, a paralyzed Vietnam War veteran who became an anti-war activist. Kovic was born on July 4, 1946, and his book's ironic title echoed a famous line from George M. Cohan's patriotic 1904 song, " The Yankee Doodle Boy" (also known as "Yankee Doodle Dandy"). The book was adapted into a 1989 Academy Award-winning film of the same name co-written by Oliver Stone and Ron Kovic, starring Tom Cruise as Kovic. Origin ''Born on the Fourth of July'' was written in Santa Monica, California, during the fall of 1974 in exactly one month, three weeks and two days.Born on the Fourth of July: The Long Journey Home
Ron Kovic – accessed on 8 August 2005
It tells the story of Kovic's life growing up in

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Autobiography
An autobiography, sometimes informally called an autobio, is a self-written account of one's own life. It is a form of biography. Definition The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English periodical ''The Monthly Review'', when he suggested the word as a hybrid, but condemned it as "pedantic". However, its next recorded use was in its present sense, by Robert Southey in 1809. Despite only being named early in the nineteenth century, first-person autobiographical writing originates in antiquity. Roy Pascal differentiates autobiography from the periodic self-reflective mode of journal or diary writing by noting that " utobiographyis a review of a life from a particular moment in time, while the diary, however reflective it may be, moves through a series of moments in time". Autobiography thus takes stock of the autobiographer's life from the moment of composition. While biographers generally rely on a wide variety of documents a ...
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Born On The Fourth Of July (film)
''Born on the Fourth of July'' is a 1989 American biographical anti-war drama film based on the 1976 autobiography by Ron Kovic. Directed by Oliver Stone, and written by Stone and Kovic, it stars Tom Cruise, Kyra Sedgwick, Raymond J. Barry, Jerry Levine, Frank Whaley, and Willem Dafoe. The film depicts the life of Kovic (Cruise) over a 20-year period, detailing his childhood, his military service and paralysis during the Vietnam War, and his transition to anti-war activism. It is the second installment in Stone's trilogy of films about the Vietnam War, following ''Platoon'' (1986) and preceding '' Heaven & Earth'' (1993). Producer Martin Bregman acquired the film rights to the book in 1976 and hired Stone, also a Vietnam veteran, to co-write the screenplay with Kovic, who would be played by Al Pacino. When Stone optioned the book in 1978, the film adaptation became mired in development hell after Pacino and Bregman left, which resulted in him and Kovic putting the film on hol ...
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Oliver Stone
William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of '' Midnight Express'' (1978), and wrote the gangster film remake '' Scarface'' (1983). Stone achieved prominence as writer and director of the war drama '' Platoon'' (1986), which won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture. ''Platoon'' was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with '' Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989)—for which Stone won his second Best Director Oscar—and '' Heaven & Earth'' (1993). Stone's other works include the Salvadoran Civil War-based drama ''Salvador'' (1986); the financial drama '' Wall Street'' (1987) and its sequel '' Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps'' (2010); the Jim Morrison biographical film '' The Doors'' (1991); the satirical black comedy crime film '' Natural Bor ...
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Susan Sarandon
Susan Abigail Sarandon (; née Tomalin; born October 4, 1946) is an American actorMcCabe, Bruce"Susan Sarandon, the 'actor'" ''Boston Globe''. April 17, 1981. Retrieved January 21, 2021. and activist. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award, in addition to nominations for a Daytime Emmy Award, six Primetime Emmy Awards, and nine Golden Globe Awards. In 2002, she was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to the film industry. Sarandon began her acting career in the drama film '' Joe'' (1970), before appearing in the soap opera '' A World Apart'' (1970–1971). In 1974, she co-starred as a Zelda Fitzgerald surrogate in the television film ''F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles','' and the following year, she starred as Janet Weiss in the musical comedy horror film ''The Rocky Horror Picture Show''. Sarandon was nominated for the Academy Award f ...
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Don Johnson
Donnie Wayne Johnson (born December 15, 1949) is an American actor, producer and singer. He played the role of James "Sonny" Crockett in the 1980s television series ''Miami Vice'', for which he won a Golden Globe, and received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for his work in the role. He also played the titular character in the 1990s series ''Nash Bridges''. Johnson received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1996. Johnson has appeared in films such as '' A Boy and His Dog'' (1975), '' Tin Cup'' (1996), ''Machete'' (2010), ''Django Unchained'' (2012) and '' Knives Out'' (2019). As a singer, he released the albums '' Heartbeat'' (1986) and '' Let It Roll'' (1989). His cover version of " Heartbeat" peaked at No. 5 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Early life Johnson was born on December 15, 1949, in Flat Creek, Missouri. His mother, Nell (née Wilson; 1933–1975), was a beautician. His father, Fredie Wayne Johnson (1930–2017), was a farmer. At the time of his birth, Jo ...
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Robert Greenwald
Robert Greenwald (born August 28, 1945) is an American filmmaker, and the founder of Brave New Films, a nonprofit film and advocacy organization whose work is distributed for free in concert with nonprofit partners and movements in order to educate and mobilize for progressive causes. With Brave New Films, Greenwald has made investigative documentaries such as '' Uncovered: The War on Iraq'' (2004), '' Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism'' (2004), '' Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price'' (2005), '' Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers'' (2006), '' Rethink Afghanistan'' (2009), ''Koch Brothers Exposed'' (2012), and '' War on Whistleblowers'' (2013), Suppressed 2020: The Fight to Vote' (2020), Suppressed and Sabotaged: The Fight to Vote' (2022), Beyond Bars: A Son's Fight for Justice' (2022) as well as many short investigative films and internet videos. Before launching Brave Films in 2000, Greenwald produced and/or directed more than 65 TV movies, miniseries and films as we ...
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