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Historical Development Of Scottish Sheriffdoms
A sheriffdom is a judicial district of Scotland. Originally identical to the Shires of Scotland, from the eighteenth century many counties were grouped to form "sheriffdoms". By 1975 there were 12 sheriffdoms, with only Lanarkshire not grouped with another county. Following the abolition of the counties and formation of new local government areas in 1975 and 1996 the number of sheriffdoms has been reduced to six. Shires originated in the twelfth century when the office of sheriff was introduced to Scotland. These shires eventually became the counties of Scotland. Malcolm III appears to have introduced sheriffs as part of a policy of replacing Gaelic forms of government with Norman feudal structures. This was continued by his sons Edgar, Alexander I and in particular David I. David completed the division of the country into sheriffdoms by the conversion of existing thanedoms. The ending of heritable jurisdictions At the accession of George II in 1727 twenty-two sher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriffdom
A sheriffdom is a judicial district in Scotland, led by a sheriff principal. Since 1 January 1975, there have been six sheriffdoms. Each sheriffdom is divided into a series of sheriff court districts, and each sheriff court is presided over by a resident or floating sheriff (a legally qualified judge). Sheriffs principal and resident or floating sheriffs are all members of the judiciary of Scotland. History Before 1975 Sheriffdoms were originally identical to the shires of Scotland, originating in the twelfth century. Until the eighteenth century the office of sheriff was often hereditary, but this was ended following the unsuccessful Jacobite Rising of 1745. The Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1747 revested the government of the shires in the Crown, compensating those office holders who were displaced. The Sheriffs (Scotland) Act 1747 reduced the office of sheriff principal to a largely ceremonial one, with a sheriff depute or sheriff substitute appointed to each "county, shire or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Argyll
The Sheriff of Argyll was historically a royal officer charged with enforcing the king's rights in Argyll; in Scotland, the concept of ''sheriff'' gradually evolved into a judicial position. Originally, the region of Argyll was served by the sheriff of Perth, however in 1326, king Robert I appointed his step-nephew-in-law, Dougal Campbell, to the newly created position of sheriff of Argyll; Dougall was the son of Neil Campbell, whose second wife was Robert's sister, Mary. The traditional stronghold of the Campbells was in the centre of the Argyll region, and Robert had wished to reward the Campbells for their service in his successful usurpation of king John Balliol. Though named ''sheriff of Argyll'' the position was initially limited to Lorn, but expanded in later centuries. In 1633, the sheriff of Argyll newly acquired authority over Kintyre and Knapdale, which had previously been under the sheriff of Tarbert. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Nairn
The Sheriff of Nairn was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order and bringing criminals to justice in Nairn, Scotland . In 1747 the office was merged with that of the Sheriff of Elgin to create the office of Sheriff of Elgin and Nairn. Sheriffs of Nairn * William de Moravia (1204) *William Prat (1227) *Alexander Murray (1263-1267) * Reginald le Chen (1291) * Alexander Wiseman (1305) *Donald de Cawdor *William de Cawdor (1442) *William de Cawdor (1475) *Hugh de Cawdor * ''For sheriffs after 1747 see sheriff of Elgin and Nairn''. See also * Historical development of Scottish sheriffdoms A sheriffdom is a judicial district of Scotland. Originally identical to the Shires of Scotland, from the eighteenth century many counties were grouped to form "sheriffdoms". By 1975 there were 12 sheriffdoms, with only Lanarkshire not groupe ... References Sheriff courts Highland (council area) {{Scotland-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Linlithgow
A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland that is commonly translated to English as ''sherif''. Description Historically, a sheriff was a legal official with responsibility for a shire, the term being a contraction of " shire reeve" (Old English ). In British English, the political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty in England and Wales, and a sheriffdom in Scotland. In modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. * In England, Northern Ireland, or Wales, a sheriff (or high sheriff) is a ceremonial county or city official. * In Scotland, sheriffs are judges. * In the Republic of Ireland, in some counties and in the cities of Dubli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Kirkcudbright
The Sheriff of Wigtown was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Wigtown, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar. It became known as the Sheriff of Wigton & Kirkcudbright in 1860 and was dissolved and incorporated into the sheriffdom of Dumfries & Galloway in 1874. The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright was created in 1369, when the area between the Rivers Nith and Cree was granted to Archibald the Grim. A steward was appointed by to administer the area which was known the "Stewartry". Sheriffs of Wigtown *Robert FitzTrute (c.1200) * Alexander Comyn (1263-1266) * John Comyn, Master of Buchan (1288) *Walter of Twynham (1296) * Domhnall mac Cailein c.1298 *John Comyn, Earl of Buchan (1300) *Thomas McCulloch (1305 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Kinross
The Sheriff of Fife was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Fife, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, they were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar. Following a merger of the sheriffdoms, the office became the Sheriff of Fife and Kinross in 1881. In 1975 the sheriffdom was largely merged into the new sheriffdom of Tayside, Central and Fife. Sheriffs of Fife *David de Wymess (c. 1170) * Geoffrey de Inverkunglas (1213) *John Hay of Naughton (1227-1228) *Inghram de Balfour (1229) *John Hay of Naughton (1233-1234) *David de Wymess (1239) *Ingram de Balliol (1240) *David de Lochore (1264) *Alexander Synton (1281) *Hugh de Lochore (1289) *Constantine de Lochore (1290) *John de Valognes (1292) *Hugh de Lochore (1293) * David Barclay (1295) *John de Valognes (1296) *D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Fife
The Sheriff of Fife was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Fife, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, they were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar. Following a merger of the sheriffdoms, the office became the Sheriff of Fife and Kinross in 1881. In 1975 the sheriffdom was largely merged into the new sheriffdom of Tayside, Central and Fife. Sheriffs of Fife *David de Wymess (c. 1170) * Geoffrey de Inverkunglas (1213) *John Hay of Naughton (1227-1228) *Inghram de Balfour (1229) *John Hay of Naughton (1233-1234) *David de Wymess (1239) *Ingram de Balliol (1240) *David de Lochore (1264) *Alexander Synton (1281) *Hugh de Lochore (1289) *Constantine de Lochore (1290) *John de Valognes (1292) *Hugh de Lochore (1293) * David Barclay (1295) *John de Valognes (1296) *D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Elgin
A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland that is commonly translated to English as ''sherif''. Description Historically, a sheriff was a legal official with responsibility for a shire, the term being a contraction of " shire reeve" (Old English ). In British English, the political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty in England and Wales, and a sheriffdom in Scotland. In modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. * In England, Northern Ireland, or Wales, a sheriff (or high sheriff) is a ceremonial county or city official. * In Scotland, sheriffs are judges. * In the Republic of Ireland, in some counties and in the cities of Dubli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Dumfries
A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland that is commonly translated to English as ''sherif''. Description In British English, the political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty in England and Wales, and a sheriffdom in Scotland. In modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. * In England, Northern Ireland, or Wales, a sheriff (or high sheriff) is a ceremonial county or city official. * In Scotland, sheriffs are judges. * In the Republic of Ireland, in some counties and in the cities of Dublin and Cork, sheriffs are legal officials similar to bailiffs. * In the United States, a sheriff is a sworn law enforcement officer whose duties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Dumbarton
The Sheriff of Dumbarton was historically the royal official responsible for enforcing law and order in Dumbarton, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. Prior to 1748 most sheriffdoms were held on a hereditary basis. From that date, following the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the hereditary sheriffs were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes, qualified advocates who were members of the Scottish Bar. Following a merger the post was retitled the Sheriff of Dumbarton and Bute in 1854. Following further reorganisations the post became the Sheriff of Stirling and Dumbarton in 1871 and the Sheriff of Stirling, Dumbarton and Clackmannan in 1881. Sheriffs of Dumbarton *William Bisset (1237) *Uilleam, Earl of Mar (1264-1266) * Walter Bailloch Stewart (1271-1288) * Duncan III, Earl of Fife (1288) * Alexander, Earl of Menteith (1289-?) *Walter Bailloch Stewart (1290) *James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland (1293) *Alexander of Ledes (1296) *John de Menteith (1303-1308) *Malcolm Fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Cromarty
The Sheriff of Ross, Cromarty and Sutherland was historically the office responsible for enforcing law and order in Ross-shire, Cromarty and Sutherland, Scotland and bringing criminals to justice. Original known as the office of the Sheriff of Cromarty it became known, following mergers of the Scottish sheriffdoms, as the Sheriff of Ross & Cromarty in 1747 and the Sheriff of Ross, Cromarty & Sutherland in 1870. Following a further merger in 1946 it became the Sheriff of Inverness, Moray, Nairn & Ross & Cromarty. Sheriffs of Cromarty The position of the sheriff of Cromarty was a heritable position. *William de Monte Alto (1266) * William de Monte Alto (1296-1304), (1305-?) * William III, Earl of Ross (c. 1345) *Adam Urquhart (1365) *William Urquhart (c.1470) *Alexander Urquhart (1497) Sheriffs of Ross *1493: Hugh Ross of Balnagowan *1499: David Ross of Balnagowan *1706–1722: Hugh Rose of Kilravock *1725–1729: Sir Robert Munro of Foulis *1729–1732: Hugh Rose, 15th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheriff Of Clackmannan
A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland that is commonly translated to English as ''sherif''. Description Historically, a sheriff was a legal official with responsibility for a shire, the term being a contraction of " shire reeve" (Old English ). In British English, the political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty in England and Wales, and a sheriffdom in Scotland. In modern times, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. * In England, Northern Ireland, or Wales, a sheriff (or high sheriff) is a ceremonial county or city official. * In Scotland, sheriffs are judges. * In the Republic of Ireland, in some counties and in the cities of Dubli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
