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Hexham Bridge, New South Wales
The Hexham Bridge is a pair of road bridges that carry the Pacific Highway across the Hunter River from Tarro to Tomago in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It comprises two separate structures; a steel truss bridge opened in 1952 and a concrete opened in 1987. History Prior to the construction of the bridge, the Department of Main Roads operated a car ferry to carry the Pacific Highway across the Hunter River. In November 1945, a contract was awarded to build a steel truss bridge with a central lifting span. However, due to a shortage of materials following World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ..., it was not completed until December 1952. A concrete high-level fixed bridge opened to the west of the original bridge in July 1987 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Highway (Australia)
Pacific Highway is a national highway and major transport route along the central east coast of Australia, with the majority of it being part of Australia's Highway 1. The highway and its adjoining Pacific Motorway between Brisbane and Brunswick Heads and Pacific Motorway between Sydney and Newcastle links the state capitals of Sydney in New South Wales with Brisbane in Queensland, approximately paralleling the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean coast, via Gosford, Newcastle, Taree, Port Macquarie, Kempsey, Coffs Harbour, Grafton, and Ballina. Additionally, between Brunswick Heads and Port Macquarie (excepting for a short stretch around Coffs Harbour), the road is also signed as Pacific Motorway, but has not been legally gazetted as such. Pacific Highway no longer includes former sections of the highway between Brunswick Heads and Brisbane that have been legally renamed. As such, the highway stops short of the Queensland border near the Gold Coast. It is one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertical-lift Bridge
A vertical-lift bridge or just lift bridge is a type of movable bridge in which a span rises vertically while remaining parallel with the deck. The vertical lift offers several benefits over other movable bridges such as the bascule and swing-span bridges. Generally speaking, they cost less to build for longer moveable spans. The counterweights in a vertical lift are only required to be equal to the weight of the deck, whereas bascule bridge counterweights must weigh several times as much as the span being lifted. As a result, heavier materials can be used in the deck, and so this type of bridge is especially suited for heavy railroad use. The biggest disadvantage to the vertical-lift bridge (in comparison with many other designs) is the height restriction for vessels passing under it, due to the deck remaining suspended above the passageway. Although most vertical-lift bridges use towers, each equipped with counterweights, some use hydraulic jacks located below the deck. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steel Bridges In Australia
Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant typically need an additional 11% chromium. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, steel is used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, trains, cars, machines, electrical appliances, weapons, and rockets. Iron is the base metal of steel. Depending on the temperature, it can take two crystalline forms (allotropic forms): body-centred cubic and face-centred cubic. The interaction of the allotropes of iron with the alloying elements, primarily carbon, gives steel and cast iron their range of unique properties. In pure iron, the crystal structure has relatively little resistance to the iron atoms slipping past one another, and so pure iron is quite ductile, or soft and easily formed. In steel, small amounts of carbon, othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Bridges In New South Wales
A road is a linear way for the conveyance of traffic that mostly has an improved surface for use by vehicles (motorized and non-motorized) and pedestrians. Unlike streets, the main function of roads is transportation. There are many types of roads, including parkways, avenues, controlled-access highways (freeways, motorways, and expressways), tollways, interstates, highways, thoroughfares, and local roads. The primary features of roads include lanes, sidewalks (pavement), roadways (carriageways), medians, shoulders, verges, bike paths (cycle paths), and shared-use paths. Definitions Historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or some maintenance. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines a road as "a line of communication (travelled way) using a stabilized base other than rails or air strips open to public traffic, primarily for the use of road motor vehicles running on their own wheels", which i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Bridges In Australia
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse construction aggregate, aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined. Globally, the ready-mix concrete industry, the largest segment of the concrete market, is projected to exceed $600 billion in revenue by 2025. This widespread use results in a number of Environmental impact of concrete, environmental impacts. Most notably, the production process for cement produces large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to net 8% of global emissions. Other environmental concerns include widespread Sand theft, illegal sand mining, impacts on the surrounding environment such as increased surface runoff or Urban heat island, urban heat island effect, and potential publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridges Completed In 1952
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, and the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge (dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese) is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Main Roads (periodical)
The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. History The Ministry of Transport was established in December 1932 by way of the ''Transport (Division of Functions) Act of 1932'', following the dismissal of the Lang Government and the subsequent state election. The ministry consisted of three departments, including the Department of Main Roads and the Department of Road Transport & Tramways. The departments were established as the incoming Stevens Government and its Minister for Transport Michael Bruxner sought to reorganise the management of the road network in NSW. The new department essentially resumed the functions that had been held by the NSW Main Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sydney Morning Herald
''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (''SMH'') is a daily compact newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, and owned by Nine. Founded in 1831 as the ''Sydney Herald'', the ''Herald'' is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia and "the most widely-read masthead in the country." The newspaper is published in compact print form from Monday to Saturday as ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' and on Sunday as its sister newspaper, ''The Sun-Herald'' and digitally as an online site and app, seven days a week. It is considered a newspaper of record for Australia. The print edition of ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' is available for purchase from many retail outlets throughout the Sydney metropolitan area, most parts of regional New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland. Overview ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' publishes a variety of supplements, including the magazines ''Good Weekend'' (included in the Saturday edition of ''The Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Sun (Sydney)
''The Sun'' was an Australian afternoon tabloid newspaper, first published under that name in 1910. History ''The Sunday Sun'' was first published on 5 April 1903. In 1910 Hugh Denison founded Sun Newspaper Ltd and took over publication of the old and ailing and ''Australian Star'' and its sister ''Sunday Sun'', appointing Monty Grover as editor-in-chief. The ''Star'' became ''The Sun'', and the ''Sunday Sun'' became ''The Sun: Sunday edition'' on 11 December 1910. According to its claim, below the masthead of that issue, it had a "circulation larger than that of any other Sunday paper in Australia". Denison sold the business in 1925. In 1953, The Sun was acquired from Associated Newspapers by Fairfax Holdings in Sydney, Australia, as the afternoon companion to ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. At the same time, the former Sunday edition, the ''Sunday Sun'', was discontinued and merged with the ''Sunday Herald'' into the tabloid '' Sun-Herald''. Publication of ''The Sun'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newcastle Sun
''The Newcastle Sun'' was a newspaper published in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. It had previously been published as ''The Northern Times''. History ''The Northern Times'' was first published in 1916. In 1918 the ''Times'' was purchased by Sir Hugh Denison, publisher of '' The Sun'' who changed the name to ''The Newcastle Sun''. ''The Newcastle Sun'' was acquired by ''Newcastle Morning Herald'' in 1936 and continued until 1980 when it ceased publication. A newspaper named ''The Northern Times'' (with the alternative title ''Northern Times and Newcastle Telegraph'') had previously been published in Maitland from 1857-1860. The ''Northern Telegraph'' resumed publication in 1916, before being absorbed by the ''Northern Times'' in 1918. Digitisation The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia. See also * List of newspapers in Australia * List of newspapers in New South Wales This i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Port Stephens Examiner
The ''Port Stephens Examiner'' is a weekly newspaper published in Raymond Terrace, New South Wales, Australia since 1893. The ''Port Stephens Examiner'' has also been published as the ''Gloucester Examiner and Lower Hunter Advertiser'' and the ''Raymond Terrace Examiner and Lower Hunter and Port Stephens Advertiser''. History The ''Gloucester Examiner and Lower Hunter Advertiser'' was first published on 24 November 1893 by William Brown. Brown had earlier worked on the '' Gloucester Gazette and Lower Hunter and Williams River Advocate'' which had ceased publication earlier in 1893. Brown changed the name of the paper to ''Raymond Terrace Examiner and Lower Hunter and Port Stephens Advertiser'' in 1905. In 1981 the name was changed to the ''Port Stephens Examiner'' and it continues to be published under this name by Australian Community Media. Digitisation The paper has been digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
