Heteranthera
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Heteranthera
''Heteranthera'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the water hyacinth family, Pontederiaceae, known generally as mud plantains. Species of this genus are native to tropical and subtropical America and Africa. They live in the water or in wet soils. They produce leaves on long petioles and some are cultivated for their attractive flowers. Leaves are of two types - linear and submerged or orbicular and floating. Some species have cleistogamic flowers. Selected species *'' Heteranthera callifolia'' (syn. ''H. callaefolia'') *''Heteranthera dubia'' ( Jacq.) MacMill. – Grassleaf mud plantain, water stargrass *'' Heteranthera limosa'' ( Sw.) Willd. Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants. Willdenow was al ... – Blue mud plantain, ducksalad *'' Heteranthera mexicana'' S.Watson – ...
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Heteranthera Rotundifolia
''Heteranthera'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the water hyacinth family, Pontederiaceae, known generally as mud plantains. Species of this genus are native to tropical and subtropical Americas, America and Africa. They live in the water or in wet soils. They produce leaves on long Petiole (botany), petioles and some are cultivated for their attractive flowers. Leaves are of two types - linear and submerged or orbicular and floating. Some species have Cleistogamy, cleistogamic flowers. Selected species *''Heteranthera callifolia'' (syn. ''H. callaefolia'') *''Heteranthera dubia'' (Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq.) Conway MacMillan, MacMill. – Grassleaf mud plantain, water stargrass *''Heteranthera limosa'' (Olof Swartz, Sw.) Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Willd. – Blue mud plantain, ducksalad *''Heteranthera mexicana'' Sereno Watson, S.Watson – Mexican mud plantain *''Heteranthera multiflora'' (Griseb.) Horn – Bouquet mud plantain *''Heteranthera peduncularis'' ...
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Heteranthera Callifolia
''Heteranthera'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the water hyacinth family, Pontederiaceae, known generally as mud plantains. Species of this genus are native to tropical and subtropical Americas, America and Africa. They live in the water or in wet soils. They produce leaves on long Petiole (botany), petioles and some are cultivated for their attractive flowers. Leaves are of two types - linear and submerged or orbicular and floating. Some species have Cleistogamy, cleistogamic flowers. Selected species *''Heteranthera callifolia'' (syn. ''H. callaefolia'') *''Heteranthera dubia'' (Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq.) Conway MacMillan, MacMill. – Grassleaf mud plantain, water stargrass *''Heteranthera limosa'' (Olof Swartz, Sw.) Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Willd. – Blue mud plantain, ducksalad *''Heteranthera mexicana'' Sereno Watson, S.Watson – Mexican mud plantain *''Heteranthera multiflora'' (Griseb.) Horn – Bouquet mud plantain *''Heteranthera peduncularis'' ...
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Heteranthera Peduncularis
''Heteranthera'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the water hyacinth family, Pontederiaceae, known generally as mud plantains. Species of this genus are native to tropical and subtropical Americas, America and Africa. They live in the water or in wet soils. They produce leaves on long Petiole (botany), petioles and some are cultivated for their attractive flowers. Leaves are of two types - linear and submerged or orbicular and floating. Some species have Cleistogamy, cleistogamic flowers. Selected species *''Heteranthera callifolia'' (syn. ''H. callaefolia'') *''Heteranthera dubia'' (Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq.) Conway MacMillan, MacMill. – Grassleaf mud plantain, water stargrass *''Heteranthera limosa'' (Olof Swartz, Sw.) Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Willd. – Blue mud plantain, ducksalad *''Heteranthera mexicana'' Sereno Watson, S.Watson – Mexican mud plantain *''Heteranthera multiflora'' (Griseb.) Horn – Bouquet mud plantain *''Heteranthera peduncularis'' ...
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Heteranthera Multiflora
''Heteranthera'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the water hyacinth family, Pontederiaceae, known generally as mud plantains. Species of this genus are native to tropical and subtropical Americas, America and Africa. They live in the water or in wet soils. They produce leaves on long Petiole (botany), petioles and some are cultivated for their attractive flowers. Leaves are of two types - linear and submerged or orbicular and floating. Some species have Cleistogamy, cleistogamic flowers. Selected species *''Heteranthera callifolia'' (syn. ''H. callaefolia'') *''Heteranthera dubia'' (Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq.) Conway MacMillan, MacMill. – Grassleaf mud plantain, water stargrass *''Heteranthera limosa'' (Olof Swartz, Sw.) Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Willd. – Blue mud plantain, ducksalad *''Heteranthera mexicana'' Sereno Watson, S.Watson – Mexican mud plantain *''Heteranthera multiflora'' (Griseb.) Horn – Bouquet mud plantain *''Heteranthera peduncularis'' ...
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Heteranthera Mexicana
''Heteranthera'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the water hyacinth family, Pontederiaceae, known generally as mud plantains. Species of this genus are native to tropical and subtropical Americas, America and Africa. They live in the water or in wet soils. They produce leaves on long Petiole (botany), petioles and some are cultivated for their attractive flowers. Leaves are of two types - linear and submerged or orbicular and floating. Some species have Cleistogamy, cleistogamic flowers. Selected species *''Heteranthera callifolia'' (syn. ''H. callaefolia'') *''Heteranthera dubia'' (Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Jacq.) Conway MacMillan, MacMill. – Grassleaf mud plantain, water stargrass *''Heteranthera limosa'' (Olof Swartz, Sw.) Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Willd. – Blue mud plantain, ducksalad *''Heteranthera mexicana'' Sereno Watson, S.Watson – Mexican mud plantain *''Heteranthera multiflora'' (Griseb.) Horn – Bouquet mud plantain *''Heteranthera peduncularis'' ...
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Heteranthera Limosa
''Heteranthera limosa'' is an annual flowering plant in the Pontederiaceae, water hyacinth family known by the common names ducksalad and blue mudplantain. It grows in shallow water or on mud. It is considered a threatened species in parts of the central United States, and an invasive species weed in California, where it is a nuisance in Paddy field, rice paddies. It is also occasional in Florida waterways. Description ''Heteranthera limosa'' is a polymorphic annual growing 2 to 6 inches tall. It looks different depending on the type of habitat it is growing in; plants in water look different than those growing on muddy ground. It is easily confused with other closely related species, so reliable identification is based on flowering plants. It has thick, spade-shaped green leaves with parallel veins. When plants are grown in water the leaves may be above or below the water surface, with submerged leaves linear in shape. The branching stems are creeping and maybe as long as 15 inc ...
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Heteranthera Dubia
''Heteranthera dubia'', commonly called water stargrass or grassleaf mudplantain, is a species of aquatic plant in the pickerel-weed family (Pontederiaceae). It is native to North and Central America where it is widespread from Canada to Guatemala. It lives submerged in freshwater such as rivers and lakes. It can be found as deep as 5.5 meters, to as shallow as stranded on the shoreline. It is most abundant in alkaline waters. ''Heteranthera dubia'' is a perennial with much variation in its appearance. The leaves are different sizes and shapes across individuals, partly genetic variation and partly response to water conditions, for example, the speed and turbulence of surrounding currents. Submersed individuals also have a different stem and leaf morphology from those that occur partially or completely out of the water. Its inflorescence bears a single short-lived flower that blooms in the morning and wilts in the evening. It has six yellow perianth parts each less than a centim ...
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Pontederiaceae
Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG system of 1998) places the family in the order Commelinales, in the commelinid clade, in the monocots. It is a small family of heterostylous aquatic plants, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters. Charles Darwin was interested in the specialized form of heterostyly found in the family, known as tristyly. Not all of the species are heterostylous. The family contains two genera with around 40 known species. It is best known for the water hyacinth ('' Pontederia crassipes''), which is an invasive species in many waterways. The highly modified '' Heteranthera gardneri'' is a submerged aquatic with a two-flowered pseudanthium. Taxonomy The two genera within this family are: *'' Heteranthera'' Ruiz & Pav. (including '' Eurystemon'', '' Hydrothrix'', '' Scholleropsis'', and '' Zosterella'') *''Pontederia'' L. (including '' ...
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Heteranthera Reniformis
''Heteranthera reniformis'' common name kidneyleaf mud-plantain, and mud plantain; is a plant found in North America. It is listed as a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut. It listed as endangered in Illinois and Ohio. Native American ethnobotany The Cherokee apply a hot poultice of the root to inflamed wounds and sores.Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 45 References

Plants used in traditional Native American medicine Pontederiaceae {{Commelinales-stub ...
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Water Hyacinth
''Pontederia crassipes'' (formerly ''Eichhornia crassipes''), commonly known as common water hyacinth is an aquatic plant native to South America, naturalized throughout the world, and often invasive outside its native range.''Pontederia crassipes''
Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Plants of the World Online. Accessed April 19, 2022.
''Eichhornia crassipes''
Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Plants of the World Online. Accessed April 19, 2022.

June 15, 2016. Flora of Banglade ...
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Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with their associated islands, the Americas cover 8% of Earth's total surface area and 28.4% of its land area. The topography is dominated by the American Cordillera, a long chain of mountains that runs the length of the west coast. The flatter eastern side of the Americas is dominated by large river basins, such as the Amazon, St. Lawrence River–Great Lakes basin, Mississippi, and La Plata. Since the Americas extend from north to south, the climate and ecology vary widely, from the arctic tundra of Northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska, to the tropical rain forests in Central America and South America. Humans first settled the Americas from Asia between 42,000 and 17,000 years ago. A second migration of Na-Dene speakers followed later ...
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Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Afr ...
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