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Heron Cylinder Head
A Heron cylinder head, or simply Heron head, is a design for the combustion chambers of the cylinder head on an internal combustion piston engine, named for engine designer S.D.Heron. The head is machined flat, with recesses only for inlet and exhaust valves, spark plugs, injectors and so on. The combustion chamber itself is contained within a dished depression in the top of the piston. The Heron head is suitable for petrol and diesel engines, for ohv and ohc valve-gear, and for small and large engine displacement capacities. While a flat cylinder head could be combined with simple flat-top pistons, that option ignores the reasons for having a depression in the top of each piston, namely: (i) it provides a compact space for combustion to begin, allowing an optimal flame front; and (ii) it creates significant " squish" as the piston reaches TDC. This causes turbulence, which is desirable because it promotes more extensive mixing of the fuel/air mixture: cf: cf1, cf2, cf3. Having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combustion Chamber
A combustion chamber is part of an internal combustion engine in which the fuel/air mix is burned. For steam engines, the term has also been used for an extension of the firebox which is used to allow a more complete combustion process. Internal combustion engines In an internal combustion engine, the pressure caused by the burning air/fuel mixture applies direct force to part of the engine (e.g. for a piston engine, the force is applied to the top of the piston), which converts the gas pressure into mechanical energy (often in the form of a rotating output shaft). This contrasts an external combustion engine, where the combustion takes place in a separate part of the engine to where the gas pressure is converted into mechanical energy. Spark-ignition engines In spark ignition engines, such as petrol (gasoline) engines, the combustion chamber is usually located in the cylinder head. The engines are often designed such that the bottom of combustion chamber is roughly in li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moto Morini
Moto Morini is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer founded by Alfonso Morini in Bologna, in 1937. Earlier, Morini had also manufactured motorcycles together with Mario Mazzetti under the name MM. Moto Morini came under Cagiva control in 1987, then in 1996 joined Texas Pacific Group, which had also bought Ducati, and in April 1999, the rights to the name were purchased by Morini Franco Motori spa, a company which had been founded by Morini's nephew in 1954. After building large v-twin motorcycles early in the 21st century the company went into liquidation in late 2010. Moto Morini restarted motorcycle production in 2012. History Alfonso Morini was born on 22 January 1898. Before he was 16 he was repairing motorcycles, and at the age of sixteen, opened a workshop. This was just before World War I broke out. During the war he was with the 8th Motorcycles Unit, stationed at Padova. MM In 1925 Mario Mazzetti, impressed by Alfonso's work, asked him to build a single-cylinder 120 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvo Redblock Engine
The Volvo B21 is a slanted straight-four engine first used in the Volvo 200 series, meant to replace the B20. The B21 and all derived engines are often referred to as ''red block'' engines for the red paint applied to the block. The primary differences when compared to the B20 was the switch to a SOHC in place of the older pushrod configuration, and an aluminum crossflow cylinder head versus the iron head of the B20. History Initially the overhead camshaft versions were offered as optional equipment on the 240, becoming standard in all markets by the 1976 model year. The overhead camshaft motors were available in displacements of 2.0 (B19 and B200), 2.1 (B21), and eventually 2.3 (B23 and B230) litres. The B21 featured an stroke, and bore. In the US, the B21's power output ranged anywhere between and , based on variations in the compression ratio and was typically supplied with a B or M camshaft. The engines are tilted approx 15 degrees to right (exhaust side) to make room for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wasserboxer
The Volkswagen wasserboxer is a four cylinder (engine), cylinder flat engine, horizontally opposed overhead-valve, pushrod overhead-valve (OHV) petrol engine developed by Volkswagen. The engine is water cooling, water-cooled, and takes its name from the german: "wasserboxer" ("Water-boxer"); with "boxer" being another term for horizontally opposed engines. It was available in two engine displacement, displacements – either a 1.9-litreETKA or a 2.1-litre; the 2.1-litre being a longer stroke (engine), stroke version of the 1.9-litre, both variants sharing the same bore (engine), cylinder bore. This engine was unique to the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) (Transporter T3 / Caravelle / Vanagon / T25), having never been used in any other vehicle. Volkswagen contracted Oettinger to develop a six-cylinder version of this engine. Volkswagen decided not to use it, but Oettinger sold a Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) equipped with this engine. Design detail The wasserboxer featured a casting, cast alumi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porsche 924
The Porsche 924 is a sports car produced by Porsche in Neckarsulm, Germany,from 1976 until 1988. A two-door, 2+2 (car body style), 2+2 coupé, the 924 replaced the Porsche 912, 912E and Porsche 914, 914 as the company's entry-level model. Although the Porsche 928, 928 was designed first, the 924 was the first production road-going Porsche to use Water cooling#Internal combustion engines, water cooling and a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. It was also the first Porsche to be offered with a conventional fully automatic transmission. The 924 made its public debut in November 1975 and a turbocharged version was introduced in 1978. In response to increasing competition, Porsche introduced an upgraded and re-engined version as the Porsche 944, 944, which replaced the 924 in the U.S. in 1983. In 1985, Audi discontinued the engine used in the 924, prompting Porsche to use a slightly detuned 944 engine in the 924, rename the vehicle as the 924S, and reintroduce it in the U.S. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Discontinued Volkswagen Group Petrol Engines
The spark-ignition petrol (gasoline) engines listed below were formerly used by various marques of automobiles and commercial vehicles of the German automotive concern, Volkswagen Group,ETKA official factory data and also in Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications, but are now discontinued. All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled. Since the Volkswagen Group is European, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated "SI"), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original '' 80/1269/ EEC'', or the later ''1999/99/ EC'' standards. The standard initial measuring unit for establishing the rated motive power output is the kilowatt (kW); and in their official literatur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volkswagen EA827 Engine
The EA827 family of petrol engines was initially developed by Audi under Ludwig Kraus leadership and introduced in 1972 by the B1-series Audi 80, and went on to power many Volkswagen Group models. This is a very robust water-cooled engine configuration for four- up to eight- cylinders. In Brazil this engine was produced under the name AP (''Alta Performance'', "high performance"). There was also a range of EA827 diesel engines, sharing its cylinder spacing with the spark ignition petrol engines. 60 hp 1.3 ; configuration : 1,297 cc (78 cu in) inline-four, bore × stroke ; head : SOHC two valves per cylinder ; block : grey cast iron, five bearings ; output : at 5,500 rpm, at 3,200 rpm ;fuel : carburettor ; application : Audi 80, Volkswagen Passat 84 hp 1.4 ; configuration : 1,423 cc inline-four, bore × stroke ; head : SOHC 2-valve per cylinder, 10:1 compression ; block : cast iron, five bearings ; output : at 5,500 rpm, at 4,200 rpm ; fuel : electronic injection PI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rover SD1
The Rover SD1 is both the code name and eventual production name given to a series of executive cars built by the Specialist Division (later the ''Jaguar-Rover-Triumph'' division) of British Leyland (BL), under the Rover marque. It was produced through its Specialist, Rover Triumph and Austin Rover divisions from 1976 until 1986, when it was replaced by the Rover 800. The SD1 was marketed under various names. In 1977 it won the European Car of the Year title. In "SD1", the "SD" refers to "Specialist Division" and "1" is the first car to come from the in-house design team. The SD1 was the final Rover-badged vehicle to be produced at Solihull. Future Rover models would be built at the former British Motor Corporation factories at Longbridge and Cowley. History Background In 1971, Rover, at that time a part of the British Leyland (BL) group, began developing a new car to replace both the Rover P6 and the Triumph 2000/2500. The designers of both Triumph and Rover submitted prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard (Indian Automobile)
Standard was an Indian brand of automobile which was produced by Standard Motor Products of India Limited (SMPIL) in Chennai, Madras from 1951 to 1988. Indian Standards were variations of vehicles made in the United Kingdom by Standard Motor Company, Standard-Triumph Motor Company, Triumph. Standard Motor Products of India Ltd. (STAMPRO) was incorporated in 1948, a company formed by Union Company (Motors) Ltd. and the British Standard Motor Company. Their first product was the Standard Vanguard. The company was dissolved in 2006 and the old plant was torn down. History The first locally built Standard Vanguards were finished in 1951, built in Standard Motors' Vandalur (a suburb of Madras) factory. From 1955, versions of the Standard Eight and Standard Ten, Ten were produced, with ever-increasing local content. The Standard Ten#Standard Pennant, Pennant joined in 1959, although it too was curiously branded "Standard 10" and devoid of bootlid trimwork. The Tens and later Heralds an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Wet Liner Inline-four Engine
The Standard wet liner inline-four engine was a 2,088 cc inline-four, inline four cylinder petrol engine produced by the Standard Motor Company. Originally developed concurrently for passenger car use and for the Ferguson TE20 tractor, it was widely used for Standard passenger cars of the 1950s, most notably the Standard Vanguard, Vanguard. Later it was successfully used in Standard's popular early generation Triumph TR, Triumph TR series sports cars. The water-cooled overhead valve engine featured novel advances for an immediate World War II, post-war design, which included thin-wall bearings with replaceable Plain bearing, shells and loose-fitted wet liners. Origins The engine's origins lay in the wartime production of Bristol Aeroplane Company, Bristol aero engines at the new Banner Lane shadow factory, operated by Standard in Coventry. From 1939 this factory produced Bristol Hercules engines, an air-cooled radial engine, with Bristol's typical sleeve valves. With pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rover P6
The Rover P6 series (named as the 2000, 2200, or 3500, depending on engine displacement) was a saloon car produced by Rover and subsequently British Leyland from 1963 to 1977 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England, UK. The P6 was the first winner of the European Car of the Year award. Development The P6 was announced on 9 October 1963, just before the Earls Court Motor Show. The vehicle was marketed first as the Rover 2000 and was a complete "clean sheet" design intended to appeal to a larger number of buyers than earlier models such as the P4 it replaced. Rover had identified a developing market between the standard '1.5-litre' saloon car class (such as the Ford Consul and the Singer Gazelle) and the accepted 'three-litre' large saloon cars (typified by the Wolseley 6/99 and the Vauxhall Cresta). Younger and increasingly affluent professional workers and executives were seeking out cars that were superior to the normal 1.5-litre models in style, design and luxury but which offer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvo 480
The Volvo 480 is a sporty compact car that was produced in Born, Netherlands, by Volvo from 1986 to 1995. It was the first front-wheel drive car made by Volvo and the only Volvo featuring pop-up headlights. The 480 was available in only one body style on an automobile platform related to the Volvo 440/460 five-door hatchback and four-door saloon models. It features an unusual four-seat, three-door hatchback body, somewhere between liftback and estate in form. The 480 was marketed as a coupé in Europe starting in 1986. The car was originally intended to be marketed in the United States as a 2+2 "sports wagon" in the fall 1987, although these plans were cancelled due to the continued weakness of the U.S. dollar during 1987. Development Volvo took six years from the time the 480 was conceived, through its development, and finally brought to production readiness. The press launch was on October 15, 1985, but the 480 was first put on public show in March at the 1986 Geneva Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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