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Herbarius Moguntinus
''Herbarius moguntinus'' (Mainzer Herbal Book) or (according to his preface referred to as) ''Aggregator practicus de simplicibus'' is an illustrated Latin herbal which was edited and printed in 1484 by Peter Schöffer in Mainz (Latin: moguntia). Together with the German herbal ''Gart der Gesundheit'' (Peter Schöffer, Mainz 1485) and the Latin herbal '' Hortus sanitatis'' (Jacobus Meydenbach, Mainz 1491), ''Herbarius moguntinus'' belongs to the so-called " Group of Mainz Herbal Incunabula." Author The author of the book is not known for sure. By misinterpreting the title page of a reprint (Vicenza 1491), the book was wrongly attributed to Arnaldus de Villa Nova. As a possible but not secured author the Frankfurt physician Johann Wonnecke von Kaub is assumed. Sources and content As primary sources the author of the ''Herbarius moguntinus'' used well-known medieval encyclopaedias, such as the '' Liber pandectarum medicinae omnia medicine simplicia continens'' of Matthaeus Silva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The Alpine arch generally extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than . The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe; in the mountains, precipitation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fumaria Officinalis
''Fumaria officinalis'', the common fumitory, drug fumitory or earth smoke, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is the most common species of the genus ''Fumaria'' in Western and Central Europe. Description It is an herbaceous annual plant that grows weakly erect and scrambling, with stalks about long. It has slender green leaves. Its pink flowers appear from April to October in the northern hemisphere, or May to September in the UK. They are two lipped and spurred, with sepals running a quarter the length of the petals. The plant commonly has more than 20 and up to 60 flowers per spike. The fruit is an achene containing one seed. It is approximately globular, slightly wider than high and with an apical notch. It contains alkaloids, potassium salts, and tannins and is also a source of fumaric acid. Taxonomy It was first formally described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication 'Species Plantarum' on page 700, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glechoma Hederacea
''Glechoma hederacea'' is an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae. It is commonly known as ground-ivy, gill-over-the-ground, creeping charlie, alehoof, tunhoof, catsfoot, field balm, and run-away-robin. It is also sometimes known as creeping jenny, but that name more commonly refers to ''Lysimachia nummularia''. It is used as a salad green in many countries. European settlers carried it around the world, and it has become a well-established introduced and naturalized plant in a wide variety of localities. It is also considered an aggressive invasive weed of woodlands and lawns in some parts of North America. In the absence of any biological control, research conducted by the USDA herbicides are relied upon (despite their drawbacks) particularly for woodland ecosystems. The plant's extensive root system makes it difficult to eradicate by hand-pulling. Description ''Glechoma hederacea'' can be identified by its round to reniform (kidney or fan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inula Helenium
Elecampane (''Inula helenium''), pronounced and also called horse-heal or elfdock, is a widespread plant species in the sunflower family Asteraceae. It is native to Eurasia from Spain to Xinjiang province in western China, and naturalized in parts of North America.B.-E. van Wyk and M. Wink. (2004). '' Medicinal Plants of the World'', p. 181, Singapore: Times Editions. Description Elecampane is a rather rigid herb, the stem of which attains a height of about . The leaves are large and toothed, the lower ones stalked, the rest embracing the stem; blades egg-shaped, elliptical, or lance-shaped, as big as long and wide. Leaves are green on the upper side with light, scattered hairs, but whitish on the underside because of a thick layer of wool. The flower heads up to 5 cm (2 inches) broad, each head containing 50-100 yellow ray flowers and 100-250 yellow disc flowers. The root is thick, branching and mucilaginous, and has a bitter taste and a camphoraceous odour with sweet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictamnus Albus
''Dictamnus albus'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. It is also known as burning bush, dittany, gas plant or fraxinella. This herbaceous perennial has several geographical variants. It is native to warm, open woodland habitats in southern Europe, north Africa and much of Asia. Description This plant grows about to high. Its flowers form a loose pyramidal spike and vary in colour from pale purple to white. The flowers are five-petalled with long projecting stamens. The leaves resemble those of an ash tree. Cultivation Several varieties and cultivars have been selected for garden use. The variety ''D. albus'' var. ''purpureus'' in which the violet-purple is confined to veining of white petals with a slight blush, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. ''Dictamnus'' is tap-rooted, making mature plants difficult to establish and resistant to division; young plants often need three years before they begin to flower, and since it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelidonium Majus
''Chelidonium majus'', the greater celandine, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. One of two species in the genus ''Chelidonium'', it is native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America. The plant known as lesser celandine (''Ficaria verna'') is not closely related, as it belongs to the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. Description Greater celandine is a perennial herbaceous plant with an erect habit, and reaches high. The blue-green leaves are pinnate with lobed and wavy margins, up to long. When injured, the plant exudes a yellow to orange latex. The flowers consist of four yellow petals, each about long, with two sepals. A double-flowered variety occurs naturally. The flowers appear from late spring to summer, May to September (in the UK), in umbelliform cymes of about 4 flowers. The seeds are small and black, borne in a long, cylindrical capsule. Each has an elaiosome, which attracts ants to disperse the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryonia Dioica
''Bryonia dioica'', known by the common names red bryony and white bryony, also English mandrake or ladies' seal, is a perennial climbing vine indigenous to Central and Southern Europe. It is a flowering plant in the cucumber family Cucurbitaceae with five-pointed leaves and blue or white flowers. The vine produces a red berry fruit. Toxicity ''Bryonia dioica'' is generally toxic to humans. Application of its juice to the skin produces inflammation with a rash or ulcers, and consumption of this juice causes intense gastrointestinal irritation including nausea and vomiting in small doses, and anxiety, paralysis, or death in larger amounts. The seed of this vine, by contrast, is safely edible, and finds use in Western Europe as an ingredient in starch dishes. Herbalism The plant is sometimes used in herbalism. In medieval times the plant was thought to be an antidote for leprosy. The root can be long and thick. John Gerard John Gerard (also John Gerarde, c. 1545–161 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capsella Bursa-pastoris
''Capsella bursa-pastoris'', known as shepherd's purse because of its triangular flat fruits, which are purse-like, is a small annual and ruderal flowering plant in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to eastern Europe and Asia minor, but is naturalized and considered a common weed in many parts of the world, especially in colder climates, including British Isles, where it is regarded as an archaeophyte,Preston CD, Pearman DA & Dines TD (2002) New Atlas of the British Flora. Oxford University Press North America and China, but also in the Mediterranean and North Africa. ''C. bursa-pastoris'' is the second-most prolific wild plant in the world, and is common on cultivated ground and waysides and meadows. Scientists have referred to this species as a 'protocarnivore', since it has been found that its seeds attract and kill nematodes as a means to locally enrich the soil. History Pictured and published in 1486. Description ''Capsella bursa-pastoris'' plants grow from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betonica Officinalis
''Betonica officinalis'' ( syn. ''Stachys officinalis''), commonly known as common hedgenettle, betony, purple betony, wood betony, bishopwort, or bishop's wort, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Pliny (25, 8, 46, § 84) calls the plant both ''betonica'' and ''vettonica'', claiming that the Vettones used it as a herbal medicine. It is commonly known as ''Stachys officinalis'', the word ''stachys'' coming from the Greek, meaning "an ear of grain," and refers to the fact that the inflorescence is often a spike. The Latin specific epithet ''officinalis'' refers to plants which had a culinary or medicinal use. Description ''Betonica officinalis'' is a rhizotomous, patch-forming, grassland herbaceous perennial growing to tall. Its leaves are stalked on upright stems, narrowly oval, with a heart-shaped base, with a somewhat wrinkled texture and toothed margins. The calyx is 5–7 mm long, with 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borago Officinalis
Borage ( or ; ''Borago officinalis''), also known as starflower, is an annual herb in the flowering plant family Boraginaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, and has naturalized in many other locales. It grows satisfactorily in gardens in most of Europe, such as Denmark, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, remaining in the garden from year to year by self-seeding. The leaves are edible and the plant is grown in gardens for that purpose in some parts of Europe. The plant is also commercially cultivated for borage seed oil extracted from its seeds. The plant contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, some of which are hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic (see below under Phytochemistry). Description ''B. officinalis'' grows to a height of , and is bristly or hairy all over the stems and leaf, leaves; the leaves are Alternate leaf, alternate, Simple leaf, simple, and long. The flowers are Complete flower, complete, Perfect flower, perfect with five narrow, trian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asarum Europaeum
''Asarum europaeum'', commonly known as asarabacca, European wild ginger, hazelwort, and wild spikenard, is a species of flowering plant in the birthwort family Aristolochiaceae, native to large parts of temperate Europe, and also cultivated in gardens. It is a creeping evergreen perennial with glossy green, kidney shaped leaves and solitary dull purple flowers hidden by the leaves. Though its roots have a ginger aroma, it is not closely related to the true culinary ginger ''Zingiber officinale'', which originates in tropical Asian rainforests. It is sometimes harvested for use as a spice or a flavoring. In former days, it was used in snuff and also medicinally as an emetic and cathartic. Description The prostrate stems are long, each bearing two reniform leaves with long petioles. The leaves are about 10 cm wide. The upper surface of the leaves is shiny, and they have a pepper-like taste and smell. There are also 2 to 3 stipules present that occur in two rows opposite e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Fumaria_officinalis_-_Plant_habit.jpg "Click for more on -> Fumaria Officinalis")
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