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Henry Poulaille
Henry Poulaille (5 December 1896, Paris – 30 March 1980, Cachan) was a French writer and a pioneer of proletarian literature. Biography Early life and World War I He was the son of Henri, an anarchist carpenter from Nantes, and Hortense Roulot, a chair-maker from Ménilmontant. However he was orphaned at the age of 14. He was self taught and developed a passion for books then he started to frequent libertarian circles. He thus met Jean Grave, Paul Delesalle, Victor Serge. He was part of the Anti-Stalinist left. During World War I, he was drafted within the 5th Battalion of Foot Soldiers, and was sent on the frontline on August 12, 1916. He is wounded at Chemin des Dames by a shrapnel on October 23, 1917.  He will recount his war experience in ''Pain de soldat'' (Soldier's Bread). Author In May 1922, he attended the International Congress of Progressive Artists and signed the "Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists". He was hired i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Arrondissement Of Paris
The 11th arrondissement of Paris (''XIe arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as ''onzième''. The arrondissement, called Popincourt, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. The arrondissement is one of the most densely populated urban districts of any European city. Description The eleventh arrondissement is a varied and engaging area. To the west lies the Place de la République, which is linked to the Place de la Bastille, in the east, by the sweeping, tree-lined Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, with its large markets and children's parks. The Place de la Bastille and the rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine are full of fashionable cafés, restaurants, and nightlife, and they also contain a range of boutiques and galleries. The Oberkampf district to the north is another popular area for nightlife. The east is more residential, with more wholesale commerce, while the areas around the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éditions Grasset
The Grasset Editions () is a French publishing house founded in 1907 by (1881–1955). History Founder In 1913, Bernard Grasset publishes the first volume of ''À la recherche du temps perdu'', by Marcel Proust, '' Du côté de chez Swann'', without reading it, and in 1920, André Maurois, François Mauriac, Henry de Montherlant, Paul Morand (called the 4 M) and later on: Raymond Radiguet, Blaise Cendrars, André Malraux, Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, Fernand de Brinon, Jacques Doriot, Abel Bonnard, Jacques Chardonne, Georges Blond and Adolf Hitler. He is condemned, in 1945, for his collaboration with the nazis and receives Electroconvulsive therapy in Ville-d'Avray, for mental illness. Publishing house In 1959, Bernard Privat merge the '' éditions Fasquelle'' with Grasset. Jean-Claude Fasquelle becomes also the director of the ''Magazine Littéraire'', in 1970. In 1975, Grasset's literary director, Yves Berger also Pierre Sabbagh's cultural adviser on the 2nd channel of Fren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Ferdinand Ramuz
Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (24 September 1878 – 23 May 1947) was a French-speaking Swiss writer. Biography He was born in Lausanne in the canton of Vaud and was educated at the University of Lausanne. He taught briefly in nearby Aubonne, and then in Weimar, Germany. In 1903, he left for Paris and remained there until World War I, with frequent trips home to Switzerland. As part of his studies in Paris he wrote a thesis on the poet Maurice de Guérin. In 1903, he published ''Le petit village'', a collection of poems. In 1914, he returned to Switzerland. He wrote the libretto for Igor Stravinsky's ''Histoire du soldat''. He died in Pully, near Lausanne in 1947. His likeness and an artistic impression of his works appear on the 200 Swiss franc note (no longer in current use). The Foundation C.F. Ramuz in Pully awards the Grand Prix C. F. Ramuz. Works *''Le petit village'' (1903) *''Aline'' (1905) *''Jean-Luc persécuté'' (1909) *''Aimé Pache, peintre vaudois'' (1911) *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Sorel
Georges Eug̬ne Sorel (; ; 2 November 1847 Р29 August 1922) was a French social thinker, political theorist, historian, and later journalist. He has inspired theories and movements grouped under the name of Sorelianism. His social and political philosophy owed much to his reading of Proudhon, Karl Marx, Giambattista Vico, Henri Bergson (whose lectures at the Coll̬ge de France he attended), and later William James. His notion of the power of myth in collective agency inspired socialists, anarchists, Marxists, and fascists.Sternhell, Zeev, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ash̩ri (1994). "Georges Sorel and the Antimaterialist Revision of Marxism". In: ''The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution''. Princeton University Press Together with his defense of violence, the power of myth is the contribution for which he is most often remembered. Politically he evolved from his early liberal-conservative positions towards Marxism, social-democracy, and ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Péguy
Charles Pierre Péguy (; 7 January 1873 – 5 September 1914) was a French poet, essayist, and editor. His two main philosophies were socialism and nationalism. By 1908 at the latest, after years of uneasy agnosticism, he had become a believing but non-practicing Roman Catholic. From that time, Catholicism strongly influenced his works. Biography Péguy was born into poverty in Orléans. His mother Cécile, widowed when he was an infant, mended chairs for a living. His father Désiré Péguy was a cabinet maker, who died in 1874 as a result of combat wounds. Péguy studied at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, winning a scholarship at the École normale supérieure (Paris), where he attended notably the lectures of Henri Bergson and Romain Rolland, whom he befriended. He formally left without graduating, in 1897, though he continued attending some lectures in 1898. Influenced by Lucien Herr, librarian of the ''École Normale Supérieure'', he became an ardent Dreyfusard. In 1897, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Michelet
Jules Michelet (; 21 August 1798 – 9 February 1874) was a French historian and an author on other topics whose major work was a history of France and its culture. His aphoristic style emphasized his anti-clerical republicanism. In Michelet's 1855 work, ''Histoire de France'' (History of France), he adopted the term "rebirth" that was used first in a work published in 1550 by the Italian art historian Giorgio Vasari. The term was used by Vasari to describe the advent of a new manner of painting that began with the work of Giotto, as the "rebirth (''rinascita'') of the arts." Michelet thereby became the first historian to use and define the French translation of the term, ''renaissance'',Murray, P. and Murray, L. (1963) ''The Art of the Renaissance''. London: Thames & Hudson (World of Art), p. 9. to identify the period in Europe's cultural history that followed the Middle Ages. Historian François Furet wrote that Michelet's ''History of the French Revolution'' (1847) remai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Populism
Populism refers to a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against " the elite". It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties and movements since that time, often as a pejorative. Within political science and other social sciences, several different definitions of populism have been employed, with some scholars proposing that the term be rejected altogether. A common framework for interpreting populism is known as the ideational approach: this defines ''populism'' as an ideology which presents "the people" as a morally good force and contrasts them against "the elite", who are portrayed as corrupt and self-serving. Populists differ in how "the people" are defined, but it can be based along class, ethnic, or national lines. Populists typically present "the elite" as comprising the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Lecoin
Louis Lecoin (30 September 1888 – 23 June 1971) was a French anarcho-pacifist. He was at the center of the foundation of the . Biography Louis Lecoin was born into a very poor family in Saint-Amand-Montrond in the Cher département. His parents were illiterate (he himself did not gain any qualification beyond the basic ''certificat d'études''). He became a proof-reader at a printing press after having tried out being a manual labourer, gardener, cement worker and a beggar. He had a life partnership with a worker for the PTT, Marie Morand, which lasted until her death in 1958. Over the course of his life he edited several publications: ''Ce qu’il faut dire'', ''Le Libertaire'', ''Défense de l’Homme'' and ''Liberté''. He spent twelve years of his life in prison for his ideas. In October 1910, a young recruit, he received the order with his regiment to break a railway workers' strike. He refused, which got him 6 months in prison. Demobilized in 1912, he went to Paris and, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe (magazine)
''Europe'' () is a French literary magazine founded in 1923. History Created by Romain Rolland and a group of French writers, the literary magazine ''Europe'' began on 15 February 1923, published by . In the journal's first issue, its editor-in-chief, , explained the choice of ′Europe′ as a title: "We speak of Europe because our vast peninsula, between the East and the New World, is the crossroads where civilisations meet. But it is to all the peoples that we address ourselves ..in the hope of averting the tragic misunderstandings which currently divide mankind." Jean Guéhenno was the next chief editor, from 1929 until 1936, followed by Jean Cassou from May 1936 until 1939. Until 1939, when it was suspended on the announcement of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, ''Europe'' followed the Communists in the anti-fascist struggle. In 1946, ''Europe'' was revived due to the efforts of Louis Aragon, who published it through La Bibliothèque française, merged in 1949 into the pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caroline Rémy De Guebhard
Caroline Rémy de Guebhard (27 April 1855 – 24 April 1929) was a French journalist with anarchist, socialist, communist and feminist views, best known under the pen name Séverine. Around 1880, Caroline Rémy became involved with Jules Vallès' socialist publication, ''Cri du Peuple''. Vallès eventually gave her control over the newspaper due to his poor health. Becoming increasingly militant, she befriended journalist and feminist Marguerite Durand but, following a confrontation with the Marxist Jules Guesde, left the newspaper in 1888. She continued writing for other papers in which she promoted women's emancipation and denounced social injustices, including the Dreyfus affair. In 1897, she began writing for Durand's feminist daily newspaper ''La Fronde''. A staunch leftist, Rémy backed a number of anarchist causes, including the defense of Germaine Berton, and participated in the 1927 efforts to save Sacco and Vanzetti. She supported the Russian Revolution of 1917 and, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Romains
Jules Romains (born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule; 26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972) was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play '' Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine'', and a cycle of works called ''Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will)''. Sinclair Lewis called him one of the six best novelists in the world. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature sixteen times. Life Jules Romains was born in Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire but went to Paris to attend first the Lycée Condorcet and then the prestigious École Normale Supérieure. He was close to the Abbaye de Créteil, a utopian group founded in 1906 by Charles Vildrac and René Arcos, which brought together, among others, the writer Georges Duhamel, the painter Albert Gleizes and the musician Albert Doyen. He received his agrégation in philosophy in 1909. In the interwar years, he pleaded the cause of pacifism and a united Europe ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Guilloux
Louis Guilloux (15 January 1899 – 14 October 1980) was a French writer born in Saint-Brieuc, Brittany, where he lived throughout his life. He is known for his Social Realist novels describing working class life and political struggles in the mid-twentieth century. His best-known book is '' Le Sang noir'' (Blood Dark), which has been described as a "prefiguration of Sartre's '' La Nausée''." Life and work Guilloux's father was a shoemaker and socialist activist, a background that Guilloux describes in his first book ''La Maison du Peuple'' (The House of the People), which centres on the struggles of a shoemaker called Quéré as seen through the eyes of his young son. The story describes how Quéré's idealistic political activism threatens his small business as he loses custom by pushing against ingrained conservatism. Nevertheless, he manages to build self-help cooperatives on the model of Proudhonism.Walter D. Redfern, "Political Novel and Art of Simplicity: Louis Guilloux" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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