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Henri-Prudence Gambey
Henri-Prudence Gambey (8 October 1787 – 29 January 1847) was French mechanic and scientific instrument maker. His precision instruments made mainly for survey, geomagnetism, and astronomy were used around the world in the early 19th century. Gambey was born in Troyes to clockmaker Edme-Prudence Gambey and Marie-Jeanne-Charlotte-Flore Picard. He grew in Larzicourt and worked for some time in the workshop of his father in Vitry-le-François. He learned to draw and design mechanical devices and attracted the attention of engineer Cottenet who suggested that he study in Paris. He went to Ferrat, an instrument maker in Bourg-la-Reine and three weeks later he was made a foreman and construction manager. He then worked with Lenoir and in 1898 he joined the Ecole des Arts et Métiers where he designed a dividing machine and then founded a small workshop at Faubourg Saint-Denis for precision instruments. He began to supply to the navy and observatories. In the 1819 Universal Exhibition at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Prudence Gambey
Henri-Prudence Gambey (8 October 1787 – 29 January 1847) was French mechanic and scientific instrument maker. His precision instruments made mainly for survey, geomagnetism, and astronomy were used around the world in the early 19th century. Gambey was born in Troyes to clockmaker Edme-Prudence Gambey and Marie-Jeanne-Charlotte-Flore Picard. He grew in Larzicourt and worked for some time in the workshop of his father in Vitry-le-François. He learned to draw and design mechanical devices and attracted the attention of engineer Cottenet who suggested that he study in Paris. He went to Ferrat, an instrument maker in Bourg-la-Reine and three weeks later he was made a foreman and construction manager. He then worked with Lenoir and in 1898 he joined the Ecole des Arts et Métiers where he designed a dividing machine and then founded a small workshop at Faubourg Saint-Denis for precision instruments. He began to supply to the navy and observatories. In the 1819 Universal Exhibition at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troyes
Troyes () is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near to the Orient Forest Regional Natural Park. Troyes had a population of 61,996 inhabitants in 2018. It is the center of the agglomeration community Troyes Champagne Métropole, which was home to 170,145 inhabitants. Troyes developed as early as the Roman era, when it was known as Augustobona Tricassium. It stood at the hub of numerous highways, primarily the Via Agrippa. The city has a rich historical past, from the Tricasses tribe to the liberation of the city on 25 August 1944 during the Second World War, including the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, the Council of Troyes, the marriage of Henry V and Catherine of France, and the Champagne fairs to which merchants came from all over Christendom. The city has a rich architectural and u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Louis Dulong
Pierre Louis Dulong FRS FRSE (; ; 12 February 1785 – 19 July 1838) was a French physicist and chemist. He is remembered today largely for the law of Dulong and Petit, although he was much-lauded by his contemporaries for his studies into the elasticity of steam, conduction of heat, and specific heats of gases. He worked most extensively on the specific heat capacity and the expansion and refractive indices of gases. He collaborated several times with fellow scientist Alexis Petit, the co-creator of the Dulong–Petit law. Early life and education Dulong was born in Rouen, France. An only child, he was orphaned at the age of 4, he was brought up by his aunt in Auxerre. He gained his secondary education in Auxerre and the '' Lycée Pierre Corneille'' in Rouen before entering the École Polytechnique, Paris in 1801, only for his studies to be impeded by poor health. He began studying medicine, but gave this up, possibly because of a lack of financial means, to concentr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexis Thérèse Petit
Alexis Thérèse Petit (; 2 October 1791, Vesoul, Haute-Saône – 21 June 1820, Paris) was a French physicist. Petit is known for his work on the efficiencies of air- and steam-engines, published in 1818 (''Mémoire sur l’emploi du principe des forces vives dans le calcul des machines''). His well-known discussions with the French physicist Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, may have stimulated Carnot in his reflexions on heat engines and thermodynamic efficiency. The Dulong–Petit law (1819) is named after him and his collaborator Pierre Louis Dulong. Biography Petit was born in Vesoul, Haute-Saône. At the age of 10, he proved that he was already capable of taking the difficult entrance exam to France's most prestigious scientific school of the time, the École Polytechnique of Paris. He was then placed in a preparatory school where he actually served as a "''répétiteur"'' to help his own classmates digest the course material. He duly entered Polytechnique at the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustin-Jean Fresnel
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Isaac Newton, Newton's corpuscular theory of light, corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century. He is perhaps better known for inventing the Catadioptric system, catadioptric (reflective/refractive) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of "stepped" lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses, saving countless lives at sea. The simpler Dioptrics, dioptric (purely refractive) stepped lens, first proposed by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel, is used in screen magnifying glass, magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors. By expressing Christiaan Huygens, Huygens's principle of secondary waves and Thomas Young (scientist), Young's principle of interference ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles-Augustin De Coulomb
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (; ; 14 June 1736 – 23 August 1806) was a French officer, engineer, and physicist. He is best known as the eponymous discoverer of what is now called Coulomb's law, the description of the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion. He also did important work on friction. The SI unit of electric charge, the coulomb, was named in his honor in 1880. Life Charles-Augustin de Coulomb was born in Angoulême, Angoumois county, France, to Henry Coulomb, an inspector of the royal demesne originally from Montpellier, and Catherine Bajet. He was baptised at the parish church of St. André. The family moved to Paris early in his childhood, and he studied at Collège Mazarin. His studies included philosophy, language and literature. He also received a good education in mathematics, astronomy, chemistry and botany. When his father suffered a financial setback, he was forced to leave Paris, and went to Montpellier. Coulomb submitted his first publication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Henry Lefroy
Sir John Henry Lefroy (28 January 1817 – 11 April 1890) was an English military man and later colonial administrator who also distinguished himself with his scientific studies of the Earth's magnetism. Biography Lefroy was a son of the Rev. John Henry George Lefroy, of Ewshot House (subsequently Itchel) in Hampshire, England, and his wife, Sophia Cottrell. His sister Anne married the Irish landowner and politician John McClintock, who was created the 1st Baron Rathdonnell in 1868. Lefroy was also a first cousin to Thomas Lefroy (1776-1869), the future Chief Justice of Ireland whom Jane Austen apparently had in mind when she created the character of Mr. Darcy in 'Pride and Prejudice'. Lefroy entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich in London in 1831 and became a 2nd lieutenant of the Royal Artillery in 1834. When the British government launched a project under the direction of Edward Sabine to study terrestrial magnetism, he was chosen to set up and supervise the observa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Arago
Dominique François Jean Arago ( ca, Domènec Francesc Joan Aragó), known simply as François Arago (; Catalan: ''Francesc Aragó'', ; 26 February 17862 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the Carbonari revolutionaries and politician. Early life and work Arago was born at Estagel, a small village of 3,000 near Perpignan, in the ' of Pyrénées-Orientales, France, where his father held the position of Treasurer of the Mint. His parents were François Bonaventure Arago (1754–1814) and Marie Arago (1755–1845). Arago was the eldest of four brothers. Jean (1788–1836) emigrated to North America and became a general in the Mexican army. Jacques Étienne Victor (1799–1855) took part in Louis de Freycinet's exploring voyage in the ''Uranie'' from 1817 to 1821, and on his return to France devoted himself to his journalism and the drama. The fourth brother, Étienne Vincent (1802–1892), is said to have collaborated with Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lalande Prize
The Lalande Prize (French: ''Prix Lalande'' also known as Lalande Medal) was an award for scientific advances in astronomy, given from 1802 until 1970 by the French Academy of Sciences. The prize was endowed by astronomer Jérôme Lalande in 1801, a few years before his death in 1807, to enable the Academy of Sciences to make an annual award "to the person who makes the most unusual observation or writes the most useful paper to further the progress of Astronomy, in France or elsewhere." The awarded amount grew in time: in 1918 the amount awarded was 1000 Francs, and by 1950, it was 10,000 francs. It was combined with the Valz Prize ''(Prix Valz)'' in 1970 to create the Lalande-Valz Prize and then with a further 122 foundation prizes in 1997, resulting in the establishment of the Grande Médaille. The Grande Medaille is not limited to the field of astronomy. Winners See also * List of astronomy awards * List of Nobel laureates—Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Joseph Chardigny
Pierre Joseph Chardigny (1794–1866) was a French sculptor and medal designer. Early life Pierre Joseph Chardigny was born in 1794 in Aix-en-Provence. His father, Barthélémy-François Chardigny, was a sculptor. He learned sculpture from François Joseph Bosio. Career Chardigny designed many sculptures, some of which are held in the permanent collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Princeton University Art Museum, the Château de Pau, and the Musée Baron-Martin. Chardigny suggested the design of a 100-foot statue in the shape of William Shakespeare in London, where visitors could go in, but it was turned down on the grounds that it would dehumanize him. Death Chardigny died in 1866. References 1794 births 1866 deaths People from Aix-en-Provence French male sculptors 19th-century French sculptors 19th-century French male artists {{France-sculptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
