|
Hendrik Allik
Hendrik Allik (15 March 1901 – 8 May 1989) was an Estonian communist politician and a long-term member of the Estonian Communist Party. Early life Hendrik Allik worked for the Baltic Cotton Factory ( et, Balti Puuvillavabrik) in 1916–1922 and as a contributing editor for magazines and newspapers. During the 1920's, Allik became politically active. He was elected to the Estonian Parliament and, in November 1924, sentenced to life imprisonment in the Trial of the 149 due to the illegal nature of the Estonian Communist Party.Romuald J. Misiunas, Rein Taagepera: ”Postwar Stalinism: 1945-1953”, ''The Baltic States, Years of Dependence, 1940-1980'', s. 80. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983. In prison Allik continued to edit illegal communist newspapers, such as the ''Vangimaja Kiir''. However his imprisonment lasted only until 1938, when the president of Estonia, Konstantin Päts, pardoned the communists subsequently allowing for Allik's release. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Communist Party
The Communist Party of Estonia ( et, Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, abbreviated EKP) was a subdivision of the Soviet communist party which in 1920-1940 operated illegally in Estonia and, after the 1940 occupation and annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union, was formally re-merged into the USSR's All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks). The predecessor of EKP was formed on 5 November 1920, when the Central Committee of the Estonian Sections of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was separated from its mother party. During the first half of the 1920s the Bolsheviks' hopes for an immediate world revolution were still high, and Estonian communists had their own hopes of restoring their power. Widespread economic and social crisis supported their hopes. Activists of the party had not only to support the agenda, but also to be ready to participate in the illegal actions, such as organising conspirative apartments, transporting weapons and communist propaganda material, hide unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puppet State
A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government, is a State (polity), state that is ''de jure'' independent but ''de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside Power (international relations), power and subject to its orders.Compare: Puppet states have nominal Sovereign state, sovereignty, but a foreign power effectively exercises control through means such as financial interests, economic, or military support. By leaving a local government in existence the outside Powers evade all responsibility, while at the same time successfully paralyzing the Government they tolerate. Puppet states are distinguished from Alliance, allies, which choose their actions on their own or in accordance with Treaty, treaties they voluntarily entered. Puppet states are forced into Rubber stamp (politics), providing legal endorsement for actions already taken by a foreign power. Characteristics A puppet state preserves the external paraphernalia of independence (such as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pskov
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population: Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It served as the capital of the Pskov Republic and was a trading post of the Hanseatic League before it came under the control of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. History Early history Pskov is one of the oldest cities in Russia. The name of the city, originally Pleskov (historic Russian spelling , ''Plěskov''), may be loosely translated as "he townof purling waters". It was historically known in English as Plescow. Its earliest mention comes in 903, which records that Igor of Kiev married a local lady, Olga (later Saint Olga of Kiev). Pskovians sometimes take this year as the city's foundation date, and in 2003 a great jubilee took place to celebrate Pskov's 1,100th anniversary. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Baltic Front
The 3rd Baltic Front (russian: 3-й Прибалтийский фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi .... It was set up on 21 April 1944 and disbanded on 16 October that year after a series of campaigns in the Baltic states that culminated with the capture of Riga October 13–15, 1944. During 179 days of existence, the 3rd Baltic Front suffered 43,155 killed and missing in action as well as 153,876 wounded, sick, and frostbitten personnel. The sole commander of the 3rd Baltic Front was Ivan Maslennikov. The headquarters of the 3rd Baltic Front was formed from that of the disbanded 20th Army, and the field armies subordinated to the front were taken from the left (south) wing of the Leningrad Front. Op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Käbin
Johannes Käbin (), also known by his Russified name Ivan Gustavovich Kebin (; 24 September 1905, Kalvi, Kreis Wierland, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 26 October 1999, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian Soviet politician who led the Communist Party of Estonia from 1950 to 1978. Käbin was an ethnic Estonian but had been raised in Russia (so-called " Yestonian"), as his family had moved to Saint Petersburg in 1910. After the reindependence of Estonia till his death Käbin was a member of the Social Democratic Labour Party. Biography Johannes Käbin was born in 1905 in Kalvi, Virumaa. In 1907, Käbin's family moved from Estonia to St. Petersburg, where his father died in the same year. In 1916, together with his mother and older sister, he moved to the village of Sussanino in Petrograd Province, where the family bought a small farm (0.27 hectares). In 1926 he entered the Leningrad School of Soviet and Party Construction. A year later, Käbin was appointed chairma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novosokolniki
Novosokolniki (russian: Новосоко́льники) is a town and the administrative center of Novosokolnichesky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Maly Udray River at the junction of the St. Petersburg–Kyiv and Moscow–Riga railways, southeast of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History It was founded in 1901 due to construction of the railway between Moscow and Riga. At the time, it was a part of Velikoluksky Uyezd in Pskov Governorate. The name is due to the nearby locality then known as Sokolniki, whose name in turn is derived from the Russian word "russian: сокол" (''sokol'', meaning "falcon"), since the residents specialized on breeding falcons for hunting. Novosokolniki was granted town status in 1925. On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Novosokolnichesky District, with the administrative center in Novosokolniki, was established as a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nevel (town)
Nevel (russian: Не́вель) is a town and the administrative center of Nevelsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on Lake Nevel southeast of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Nevel was first mentioned in Ivan the Terrible's will among towns that had been founded during his reign. Between 1580 and 1772, it frequently changed ownership. In 1623, it was granted Magdeburg rights by the Polish King Władysław IV Vasa. While part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth it was located in the Połock Voivodeship. It finally passed to Russia during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, when it was included into newly established Pskov Governorate, chartered, and made the seat of Nevesky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate. In 1777, it was transferred to Polotsk Viceroyalty. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and Nevel was transferred to the Belarusian Governorate; it formed a part of Vitebsk Governorate from 1802. In early 1919 it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velikiye Luki
Velikiye Luki ( rus, Вели́кие Лу́ки, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪjə ˈlukʲɪ; lit. ''great meanders''. Г. П. Смолицкая. "Топонимический словарь Центральной России". "Армада-Пресс", 2002 (G. P. Smolitskaya. ''Toponymic Dictionary of Central Russia''. Armada-Press, 2002) or ''longbows'') is a town in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the meandering Lovat River. It is the second largest town in Pskov Oblast; population: Velikiye Luki is a City of Military Glory, an honor bestowed on it because of the courage and heroism its citizens displayed during World War II. History Velikiye Luki is first mentioned in a chronicle under the year of 1166 as Luki. From the 12th century, Luki was a part of the Novgorod Republic. After the construction of a fortress in 1211, Luki gained strategic importance, defending the approaches to Pskov and Novgorod. It was located near the border with Lithuania. The adjectiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th Estonian Rifle Corps
The 8th Estonian Rifle Corps (2nd formation) (russian: 8-й Эстонский стрелковый корпус, et, 8. Eesti Laskurkorpus) was a formation in the Red Army, created on 6 November 1942, during World War II. An 8th Rifle Corps (but not made up of Estonian personnel) had been previously formed, taking part in the Soviet invasion of Poland as part of the 5th Army, and, on the outbreak of war on 22 June 1941, this first formation was part of the 26th Army in the Kiev Special Military District, consisting of the 99th, the 173rd, and the 72nd Mountain Rifle Divisions. The first formation of the 8th Rifle Corps was destroyed in the first three months of the German invasion and is not present on the Soviet order of battle after August 1941. The 8th Estonian Rifle Corps was formed of mobilized ethnic Estonians, who were at first brought in Russia (where many of them died because of poor conditions); the battalions created in Estonia and incorporated former personnel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Patriotic War (term)
The Great Patriotic War (russian: Вели́кая Оте́чественная война́, translit=Velikaya Otechestvennaya voyna); be, Вялікая Айчынная вайна, Vialikaja Ajčynnaja vajna; et, Suur Isamaasõda; hy, Հայրենական Մեծ պատերազմ, translit=Hajrenakan Mec paterazm; ka, დიდი სამამულო ომი, translit=Didi Samamulo Omi; kk, Ұлы Отан соғысы, translit=Uly Otan soǵysy; ky, Улуу Ата Мекендик согуш, translit=Uluu Ata Mekendik soghush; lt, Didysis Tėvynės karas; lv, Lielais Tēvijas karš; ro, Marele Război pentru apărarea Patriei (Moldovan Cyrillic: Мареле Рэзбой пентру апэраря Патрией); tg, Ҷанги Бузурги Ватанӣ, translit=Changi Buzurgi Vatanī; tk, Бейик Ватанчылык уршы, translit=Beýik Watançylyk urşy; tt-Cyrl, Бөек Ватан сугышы, translit=Böyek Watan suğışı; uk, Ве ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Commissariat
A People's Commissariat (russian: народный комиссариат; Narkomat) was a structure in the Soviet state (in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in other union and autonomous republics, in the Soviet Union) from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy; analogue of the ministry. As a rule, a People's Commissariat was headed by a People's Commissar (russian: народный комиссар; Narkom), which is part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of the appropriate level. Commissariats were created as central organs of state administration when Soviet power was established in the republics in the territory of the former Russian Empire. The number of People's Commissariats changed in accordance with the requirements of the current moment; overall it increased due to the separation of existing ones and the forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
