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Henderson, Auckland
Henderson ( mi, Ōpanuku) is a major suburb of West Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is west of Auckland city centre, and west of the Whau River, a southwestern arm of the Waitematā Harbour. The suburb is located within the Henderson-Massey Local Board of the Waitākere Ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council. Geography Henderson is located between the Waitākere Ranges to the west, and the Te Atatū Peninsula in the east. The area is within the catchment of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, an estuarial arm of the upper Waitematā Harbour. The Opanuku, Oratia, Swanson, Momutu and Paremuka streams meet at Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, to the north of Henderson. Between 3 and 5 million years ago, tectonic forces uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and central Auckland, while subsiding the Manukau and upper Waitematā Harbours. The land at Henderson is formed from Waitemata Group sandstone, which was previously found at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whau River
The Whau River is an estuarial arm of the southwestern Waitemata Harbour (rather than a river) within the Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand. It flows north for from its origin at the confluence of the Avondale Stream and Whau Stream to its mouth between the Te Atatū peninsula and the long, thin Rosebank, Auckland, Rosebank Peninsula in Avondale, Auckland, Avondale. It is at its widest and wide at its mouth. The estuary extends past the suburbs of Glendene, New Zealand, Glendene and Kelston, New Zealand, Kelston. It has one small estuarial tributary arm, the Wairau Creek in the southwest. The tide flows up the Wairau Creek as far as Sabulite Road in Kelston, and up the Rewarewa Creek to Clark Street and Wolverton Road in New Lynn, New Zealand, New Lynn. The area at the mouth of the estuary is legally protected as the Motu Manawa (Pollen Island) Marine Reserve. The Whau River is named after a native tree, the Entelea, whau (''Entelea arborescens''). Geography The g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitex Lucens
''Vitex lucens'', or pūriri, is an evergreen tree endemic to New Zealand. History Pūriri was first collected (by Europeans) at Tolaga Bay by Banks and Solander during Cook's first visit in 1769. The plant was excellently described by Solander in his manuscript "Primitae Florae Novae Zelandiae" under the name ''Ephielis pentaphylla'', and a drawing of considerable artistic merit was also prepared.Cheeseman (1914) Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora. Vol 2. The next botanist to notice pūriri, Allan Cunningham, did not do so until 1826 when he observed it on "the rocky shores of Bay of Islands, growing frequently within the range of salt water." Cunningham named it ''Vitex littoralis'', correctly assigning it to the genus ''Vitex'' but overlooking that "littoralis" had been used for a Malayan species 4 years earlier. Thomas Kirk proposed ''V. lucens'' in 1897 after attention had been drawn to the fact that ''V. littoralis'' was taken.A.C. Dijkgraaf (1994) Propagation and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peat
Peat (), also known as turf (), is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs. The peatland ecosystem covers and is the most efficient carbon sink on the planet, because peatland plants capture carbon dioxide (CO2) naturally released from the peat, maintaining an equilibrium. In natural peatlands, the "annual rate of biomass production is greater than the rate of decomposition", but it takes "thousands of years for peatlands to develop the deposits of , which is the average depth of the boreal orthernpeatlands", which store around 415 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon (about 46 times 2019 global CO2 emissions). Globally, peat stores up to 550 Gt of carbon, 42% of all soil carbon, which exceeds the carbon stored in all other vegetation types, including the world's forests, although it covers just 3% of the land's surface. ''Sphagnum'' moss, also called peat moss, is one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhyolite
Rhyolite ( ) is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral assemblage is predominantly quartz, sanidine, and plagioclase. It is the extrusive equivalent to granite. Rhyolitic magma is extremely viscous, due to its high silica content. This favors explosive eruptions over effusive eruptions, so this type of magma is more often erupted as pyroclastic rock than as lava flows. Rhyolitic ash-flow tuffs are among the most voluminous of continental igneous rock formations. Rhyolitic tuff has been extensively used for construction. Obsidian, which is rhyolitic volcanic glass, has been used for tools from prehistoric times to the present day because it can be shaped to an extremely sharp edge. Rhyolitic pumice finds use as an abrasive, in concrete, and as a soil amendment. Description Rhyolite i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waitemata Group
The Waitemata Group is an Early Miocene geologic group that is exposed in and around the Auckland Region of New Zealand, between the Whangarei Harbour in the North and the Raglan Harbour in the South. The Group is predominantly composed of deep water sandstone and mudstone (flysch). The sandstone dominated units form the cliffs around the Waitemata Harbour and rare more resistant conglomerates underlie some of Auckland's prominent ridges. Sub-units and deposition The Waitemata Group was deposited within fault controlled basins. These were bounded to the North and South by up faulted Mesozoic basement sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks to the East and West. The sedimentary source for the Group's sandstone is a mix of these basement sediments of the Waipapa Terrane and the mostly intermediate volcanic rocks. The maximum water depth of the Waitemata Group basin was 2,000 m. The basal strata (Kawau Subgroup) are from the early Miocene ( Otaian) and range in thickness from 10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manukau Harbour
The Manukau Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in New Zealand by area. It is located to the southwest of the Auckland isthmus, and opens out into the Tasman Sea. Geography The harbour mouth is between the northern head ("Burnett Head" / "Ohaka Head") located at the southern end of the Waitākere Ranges and South Head at the end of the Āwhitu Peninsula reaching up from close to the mouth of the Waikato River. The mouth is only 1800 metres wide, but after a nine kilometre channel it opens up into a roughly square basin 20 kilometres in width. The harbour has a water surface area of 394 square kilometres. There is a tidal variation of up to 4 metres, a very substantial change, especially since the harbour, being silted up with almost 10 million years of sedimentation, is rather shallow itself.Manukau Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swanson Stream
The Swanson Stream is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north-east from its source the Waitākere Ranges through rural West Auckland towards the suburb of Swanson, into the Huruhuru Creek which exits into Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek and the western the Waitematā Harbour. Since the mid-2000s, the stream has been forested with native flora. Geography The stream begins in the Waitākere Ranges north-east of the catchment of the Waitākere Reservoir, at Pukematekeo. It flows north-east to the outer Auckland suburb of Swanson. The Swanson Stream enters into the Huruhuru Creek, which flows into Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek and the western Waitematā Harbour. The river has a number of major tributaries, including the Momutu Stream at Te Rangi Hiroa Reserve, at the division between the suburbs of Rānui and Massey, the Waiomoko Stream and the Billy Joe Stream. The stream is a habitat for the New Zealand longfin eel, the short-f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oratia Stream
The Oratia Stream is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north-east from its source at the township of Waiatarua in the Waitākere Ranges, before entering into the Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, which flows into the western the Waitematā Harbour. After beginning at Waiatarua, the stream passes through the rural locality of Oratia and the West Auckland, New Zealand, West Auckland suburbs of Sunnyvale, Auckland, Sunnyvale and Henderson, New Zealand, Henderson. Since the mid-2000s has been forested with native flora. Geography The stream begins south of the Waiatarua, flowing north-east through the rural locality of Oratia. At Glen Eden, the stream changes course, flowing north-west towards Parrs Park. The stream meets the Waikumete Stream and the Millbrook Esplanade in the suburb of Sunnyvale, Auckland, Sunnyvale, and continues to flow north, adjacent to the WestCity Waitakere shopping centre in Henderson, New Zealand, Henderson. At Te K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opanuku Stream
The Opanuku Stream, formerly known as the Henderson Stream, is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows east from its source the Waitākere Ranges through the Henderson Valley, then north-east through West Auckland before entering into the Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, which flows into the western the Waitematā Harbour. The stream passes through the rural locality of Henderson Valley and the West Auckland suburbs of Western Heights, Auckland, Western Heights and Henderson, New Zealand, Henderson. Since the mid-2000s has been forested with native flora. Geography The stream begins in the Waitākere Ranges, flowing east through the rural locality of Henderson Valley. In suburban Auckland, the river changes course, flowing north-east through Western Heights, Auckland, Western Heights and Henderson, New Zealand, Henderson. At Te Kōpua (modern-day Falls Park / Tui Glen Reserve), the stream meets Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, an estuarine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek
The Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek is an estuarine river of the Auckland Region of New Zealand's North Island. It flows north from its sources in the Henderson Valley and Titirangi, before reaching the western Waitematā Harbour. Geography The section of the creek known as Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek begins at the point when the Opanuku Stream and Oratia Stream intersect at Henderson; where tidal estuarine water from the Waitematā Harbour begins. The creek joins the Mānutewhau Creek at the western edges of the Waitematā Harbour. The south-western arm of the creek where the Momutu and Paremuka streams confluence is known locally as Huruhuru Creek, and traditionally by the name Wai Huruhuru Manawa. Tributaries of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek include the Momutu Stream, Rarawaru Stream, Paremuka Stream, Ōpanuku Stream, Oratia Stream and the Waikumete Stream. History The creek was known by Te Kawerau ā Maki and other Tāmaki Māori as Waipareira or Te W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Te Atatū Peninsula
Te Atatū Peninsula (formerly Te Atatu North) is a waterfront suburb of West Auckland surrounded by the Waitematā Harbour. The area was home to brickworks and farmland until the Northwestern Motorway was constructed in the 1950s, after which Te Atatū developed a low and medium-cost suburb. The area south of the motorway became known as Te Atatū South. The Auckland Harbour Board intended to develop a port on the peninsula for much of the 20th century. After plans for this were abandoned, the land was redeveloped into Footrot Flats Fun Park, an amusement park which operated in the 1980s. During the late 2010s, large-scale housing intensification led to the population of Te Atatū greatly expanding. Geography and geological history The Te Atatū Peninsula is approximately four kilometres in length and two kilometres in width, and is surrounded by the Waitematā Harbour. The peninsula is composed of Waitemata Sandstone, which formed on the ocean floor 20 million years ago, ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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