|
Heidengraben
Heidengraben ("pagans' moat") is the name given to the remains of a large Celtic fortified settlement (oppidum) dating to the Iron Age, located on the plateau of the Swabian Jura (''Schwäbische Alb'') in the districts of Reutlingen and Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The settlement was in use from the 2nd century BC to 1st century BC, during the La Tène period. By surface area, Heidengraben is the largest oppidum in all of mainland Europe. Geography ''Heidengraben'' is situated in the municipalities of Grabenstetten, Hülben and Erkenbrechtsweiler in the districts of Reutlingen and Esslingen in southern Germany. It sits on a part of the high plateau of the Swabian Jura at the steep escarpment known as ''Albtrauf'' which rises as much as 400 m above the foothills. This area is known as the ''Grabenstettener Halbinsel''. Height above sea level is around 700 m. The outer fortifications delineate an area of over 1,700 hectares, making this oppidum the largest known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidengraben Map
Heidengraben ("pagans' moat") is the name given to the remains of a large Celtic fortified settlement (oppidum) dating to the Iron Age, located on the plateau of the Swabian Jura (''Schwäbische Alb'') in the districts of Reutlingen and Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The settlement was in use from the 2nd century BC to 1st century BC, during the La Tène period. By surface area, Heidengraben is the largest oppidum in all of mainland Europe. Geography ''Heidengraben'' is situated in the municipalities of Grabenstetten, Hülben and Erkenbrechtsweiler in the districts of Reutlingen and Esslingen in southern Germany. It sits on a part of the high plateau of the Swabian Jura at the steep escarpment known as ''Albtrauf'' which rises as much as 400 m above the foothills. This area is known as the ''Grabenstettener Halbinsel''. Height above sea level is around 700 m. The outer fortifications delineate an area of over 1,700 hectares, making this oppidum the largest known i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidengraben - Elsachstadt - Wall-2
Heidengraben ("pagans' moat") is the name given to the remains of a large Celtic fortified settlement (oppidum) dating to the Iron Age, located on the plateau of the Swabian Jura (''Schwäbische Alb'') in the districts of Reutlingen and Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The settlement was in use from the 2nd century BC to 1st century BC, during the La Tène period. By surface area, Heidengraben is the largest oppidum in all of mainland Europe. Geography ''Heidengraben'' is situated in the municipalities of Grabenstetten, Hülben and Erkenbrechtsweiler in the districts of Reutlingen and Esslingen in southern Germany. It sits on a part of the high plateau of the Swabian Jura at the steep escarpment known as ''Albtrauf'' which rises as much as 400 m above the foothills. This area is known as the ''Grabenstettener Halbinsel''. Height above sea level is around 700 m. The outer fortifications delineate an area of over 1,700 hectares, making this oppidum the largest known i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hohenneuffen Castle
Hohenneuffen Castle is a large ruined castle in the northern foothills of the Swabian Alb, above the town of Neuffen in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg. Location The medieval castle is situated on a large late Jurassic rock on the edge of the Swabian Alb at an elevation of 743 m (2437 ft) in a strategically advantageous location on the slopes of the mountain range. History There is evidence for a pre-historic, Iron Age settlement on Hohenneuffen. It functioned as an outpost for the oppidum at '' Heidengraben'' during the late La Tène period in the first century BCE. The pre-Germanic name ''Neuffen'' is derived from the proto-Celtic adjective ', meaning holy or sacred, implying that the mountain had a religious rather than a military function 2000 years ago. The castle was built between 1100 and 1120 by Mangold von Sulmetingen who later changed his name to include the element ''von Neuffen''. The first documentary evidence dates from 1198. At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Tène Culture
The La Tène culture (; ) was a European Iron Age culture. It developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from about 450 BC to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BC), succeeding the early Iron Age Hallstatt culture without any definite cultural break, under considerable Mediterranean influence from the Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul, the Etruscans, and the Golasecca culture, but whose artistic style nevertheless did not depend on those Mediterranean influences. La Tène culture's territorial extent corresponded to what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, England, Southern Germany, the Czech Republic, parts of Northern Italy and Central Italy, Slovenia and Hungary, as well as adjacent parts of the Netherlands, Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Transylvania (western Romania), and Transcarpathia (western Ukraine). The Celtiberians of western Iberia shared many aspects of the culture, though not generally the artistic style. To the north extended the contemporary Pre-Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grabenstetten
Grabenstetten is a municipality in the district of Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It lies within the area of the Celtic Heidengraben. Municipality arrangement Besides the homonymous village Grabenstetten there are no other places that belong to Grabenstetten. Neighboring communities To Grabenstetten borders the municipalities and towns Erkenbrechtsweiler ¹, Lenningen ¹, Römerstein, Bad Urach and Hülben. The list is based on the clockwise beginning in the north. The named part of the district of Reutlingen or the Esslingen district ¹: Historical Geography In the municipality lies the ruin Hofen. History The Alemannic expanding settlement Grabenstetten is first mentioned in the 1st half of the 12th century as "Grabanostetten" and 1152 under the name "Grabanostettin". Only in 1635 the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) came to Grabenstetten. Soldiers set fire in their departure to the place, except for the church, the rectory, the school and a few smaller homes the wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erkenbrechtsweiler
Erkenbrechtsweiler is a municipality in the district of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It lies within the area of the Celtic Heidengraben. Erkenbrechtsweiler is the only municipality in the district of Esslingen, whose denunciation lies fully on the Jura plateau. Municipality arrangement Erkenbrechtsweiler includes the village Erkenbrechtsweiler and the place Burrenhof. In the north of the municipality in the hallway "Burg" is a living space disposed likely from Frankish times. Neighboring communities Adjacent community are Neuffen in the West, Beuren in the northwest, Owen in the north, Lenningen in the East (all Esslingen district), Grabenstetten and Hülben the south (both district Reutlingen). History A grave mound from the Bronze Age proves that already in the Bronze Age people lived in the district. Remains from the Hallstatt culture period have been found. Erkenbrechtsweiler was first documented in 1284 as "Hergenbolswiler" or "Erggenboltswilaer" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oppidum
An ''oppidum'' (plural ''oppida'') is a large fortified Iron Age settlement or town. ''Oppida'' are primarily associated with the Celtic late La Tène culture, emerging during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, spread across Europe, stretching from Britain and Iberia in the west to the edge of the Hungarian plain in the east. These settlements continued to be used until the Romans conquered Southern and Western Europe. Many subsequently became Roman-era towns and cities, whilst others were abandoned. In regions north of the rivers Danube and Rhine, such as most of Germania, where the populations remained independent from Rome, ''oppida'' continued to be used into the 1st century AD. Definition is a Latin word meaning 'defended (fortified) administrative centre or town', originally used in reference to non-Roman towns as well as provincial towns under Roman control. The word is derived from the earlier Latin , 'enclosed space', possibly from the Proto-Indo-European , 'occupi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hülben
Hülben is a municipality in the district of Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is located next to the area of the Celtic Heidengraben. Geography Hülben is a municipality on the northern edge of the Swabian Jura, above the spa town of Bad Urach. Neighbouring communities The following cities and municipalities are bordering the municipality Hülben, they are (starting from the north) called the clockwise and belong to Reutlingen district or to Esslingen district 1 Neuffen 1, Erkenbrechtsweiler 1, Grabenstetten, Bad Urach and Dettingen an der Erms. Constituent communities The municipality Hülben includes the village Hülben and a group of houses. History Establishing and territorial affiliation Hülben was probably founded in the time of the Alemannic conquest between 700 and 800. The village name is a dwelling place name by the two '' Hülben '', where at that time had settled the first settlers. 1137 Hülben is first mentioned in the Zwiefalter chroni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphorae
An amphora (; grc, ἀμφορεύς, ''amphoreús''; English plural: amphorae or amphoras) is a type of container with a pointed bottom and characteristic shape and size which fit tightly (and therefore safely) against each other in storage rooms and packages, tied together with rope and delivered by land or sea. The size and shape have been determined from at least as early as the Neolithic Period. Amphorae were used in vast numbers for the transport and storage of various products, both liquid and dry, but mostly for wine. They are most often ceramic, but examples in metals and other materials have been found. Versions of the amphorae were one of many shapes used in Ancient Greek vase painting. The amphora complements a vase, the pithos, which makes available capacities between one-half and two and one-half tons. In contrast, the amphora holds under a half-ton, typically less than . The bodies of the two types have similar shapes. Where the pithos may have multiple small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system proposed in 1836 by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen for classifying and studying ancient societies and history. An ancient civilization is deemed to be part of the Bronze Age because it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze is harder and more durable than the other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage. While terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, the higher temperature required for smelting, , in addition to the greater difficulty of working with the metal, placed it out of reach of common use until the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallstatt Culture
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western Europe, Western and Central European Archaeological culture, culture of Late Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallstatt C, Hallstatt D) from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Bronze Age Europe, Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture. It is commonly associated with Proto-Celtic populations. Older assumptions of the early 20th century of Illyrians having been the bearers of especially the Eastern Hallstatt culture are indefensible and archeologically unsubstantiated. It is named for its type site, Hallstatt, a lakeside village in the Austrian Salzkammergut southeast of Salzburg, Austria, Salzburg, where there was a rich salt mine, and some 1,300 burials are known, many with fine artifacts. Material from Hallstatt has been classified into four periods, des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swabian Jura
The Swabian Jura (german: Schwäbische Alb , more rarely ), sometimes also named Swabian Alps in English, is a mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, extending from southwest to northeast and in width. It is named after the region of Swabia. The Swabian Jura occupies the region bounded by the Danube in the southeast and the upper Neckar in the northwest. In the southwest it rises to the higher mountains of the Black Forest. The highest mountain of the region is the Lemberg (). The area's profile resembles a high plateau, which slowly falls away to the southeast. The northwestern edge is a steep escarpment (called the Albtrauf or Albanstieg, rising up , covered with forests), while the top is flat or gently rolling. In economic and cultural terms, the Swabian Jura includes regions just around the mountain range. It is a popular recreation area. Geology The geology of the Swabian Jura is mostly limestone, which formed the seabed during the Jurassic period. The sea r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
