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Hebrew Labor
"Hebrew labor" ( he, עבודה עברית, ''Avoda Ivrit'') and "conquest of labor" (''Kibbush haAvoda'') are two related terms and concepts. One of them refers to the ideal adopted by some Jews in Ottoman and Mandate Palestine during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and later embraced by Zionism to favour hiring Jewish rather than non-Jewish workers. Another one is the slogan for the Jews to embrace productive (industrial and agricultural) labor rather than being engaged only in trades and professions."Kibbush Haavoda (conquest of labor)" at ''Zionism and Israel''"Avoda Ivrit (Jewish labor)" at ''Zionism and Israel'' Background End of the Ottoman period During the Second Aliyah period many Jewish immigrants to Palestine sought year-round jobs on the agricultural tracts and plantations of their co-religionists who had arrived during the First Aliyah. Rather than hire their fellow Jews, the immigrants of the First Aliyah were initially inclined to hire local Arabs who provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEMONSTRATORS NEAR CITRUS GROVES IN KFAR SABA, DEMANDING THE EMPLOYMENT OF JEWISH WORKERS
A demonstrator may be: * A person performing a demonstration, such as to explain science or technology * A person demonstrating a product for sale live or in an infomercial * An attendee at a political rally * An academic rank * A vehicle adapted to emergency service specification, and issued to locations for use as a prospective emergency vehicle if adopted to that workforce either police, ambulance or fire. * A fountain pen with a transparent body originally used so dealers could show customers how they worked. See Demonstrator pen Demonstrator pens are pens which are partially or mostly transparent. Demonstrator pens were originally furnished by manufacturers to dealers, so that the features of their products could be shown to potential buyers. The first demonstrators ha ... * ''Demonstrator'' (film) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histadrut
Histadrut, or the General Organization of Workers in Israel, originally ( he, ההסתדרות הכללית של העובדים בארץ ישראל, ''HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim B'Eretz Yisrael''), is Israel's national trade union center and represents the majority of Israel's trade unionists. Established in December 1920 in Mandatory Palestine, it soon became one of the most powerful institutions in the Yishuv (the body of Jewish residents in the region prior to the establishment of the state). Today, it has 800,000 members. History The Histadrut was founded in December 1920 in Haifa to look out for the interests of Jewish workers. Until 1920, Ahdut HaAvoda and Hapoel Hatzair had been unable to set up a unified workers organisation. In 1920, Third Aliyah immigrants founded Gdud HaAvoda and demanded a unified organization for all Jewish workers, which led to the establishment of the Histadrut.Z. Tzahor, "The Histadrut", in ''Essential papers on Zionism'', 1996, Reinharz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscular Judaism
Muscular Judaism (german: Muskeljudentum) is a term coined by Max Nordau in his speech at the Second Zionist Congress held in Basel on August 28, 1898. In his speech, he spoke about the need to design the " new Jew" and reject the " old Jew", with the mental and physical strength to achieve the goals of Zionism. Nordau saw Muscular Judaism as an answer to ''Judennot'' (" Jewish distress"). History The term refers to the cultivation of mental and physical properties, such as mental and physical strengths, agility and discipline, which all will be necessary for the national revival of the Jewish people. The characteristics of the muscular Jews are the exact opposite, an antithesis, of the Diaspora Jew, especially in Eastern Europe, as shown in the anti-Semitic literature and in the Haskalah movement's literature. Nordau saw the promotion of muscular, athletic Jews as a counterpoint to such depictions of Jews as a weak people. In addition, the "muscular" Jew is the opposite of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The "Negation Of The Diaspora" In Zionism
The negation of the Diaspora ( he, שלילת הגלות, ''shlilat ha'galut'', or he, שלילת הגולה, ''shlilat ha'golah'') is a central assumption in many currents of Zionism. The concept encourages the dedication to Zionism and it is used to justify the denial of the feasibility of Jewish emancipation in the Diaspora. Life in the Diaspora would either lead to discrimination and persecution or to national decadence and assimilation. A more moderate formulation says that the Jews as a people have no future without a "spiritual center" in the Land of Israel. Before 1948 According to Schweid, in the early twentieth century, Yosef Haim Brenner and Micha Josef Berdyczewski advocated an extreme form of the concept. In his literary work, Brenner describes Jews in the Pale of Settlement as poor, mentally, morally and spiritually disfigured, panicky, humiliated, disoriented, with no realistic view of life, depressed, despised, slovenly of dress, lacking taste, unwilling to defend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dov Lior
Dov Lior ( he, דב ליאור, born 30 October 1933) is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi who served as the Chief Rabbi of Hebron and Kiryat Arba in the southern West Bank until late 2014. He is the rosh yeshiva of the Kiryat Arba Hesder Yeshiva and heads the "Council of Rabbis of Judea and Samaria". On multiple occasions he has called for ethnic cleansing of Arab Muslims and has expressed support for mass murderers. Biography Dov Leinwand (later Lior) was born to a Belz Hasidic family, son to Moshe Leinwand, in Jarosław, western Galicia, Poland. During World War II, he fled the Nazis with his family to the Soviet Union. They went deep into Soviet territory, including Siberia and Kazakhstan, and suffered from hunger and disease. Both of his parents died. In 1944, he was placed in an orphanage for Polish citizens. In 1945, he arrived in Poland. Using a false identity, he managed to pass into the American occupation zone in Germany, where Jewish institutions operated. There, he reunite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiryat Arba
:''This article is mainly about the modern Israeli settlement, not the biblical town'' Kiryat Arba or Qiryat Arba ( he, קִרְיַת־אַרְבַּע, , Town of the Four) is an urban Israeli settlement on the outskirts of Hebron, in the southern West Bank. Founded in 1968, in it had a population of . The international community considers Israeli settlements illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Biblical town: etymology and location In the Hebrew Bible Kiryat Arba is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the former name of Hebron and as the place where Abraham's wife, Sarah, has died: "And Sarah died at Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron)" (). The Book of Joshua says: "Now the name of Hebron formerly was Kiriath-arba; this Arba was the greatest man among the Anakim." (). It is also a place listed as Nehemiah as where some of the people of Judah are living. There is no reference to Hebron in Nehemiah. Identification Some researchers identify Tel R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebron
Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies above sea level. The second-largest city in the West Bank (after East Jerusalem), and the third-largest in the Palestinian territories (after East Jerusalem and Gaza), it has a population of over 215,000 Palestinians (2016), and seven hundred Jewish settlers concentrated on the outskirts of its Old City. It includes the Cave of the Patriarchs, which Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions all designate as the burial site of three key patriarchal/ matriarchal couples. The city is often considered one of the four holy cities in Judaism. as well as in Islam. Hebron is considered one of the oldest cities in the Levant. According to the Bible, Abraham settled in Hebron and bought the Cave of the Patriarchs as a burial place for his wife Sarah. Biblical tradition holds that the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeshivas
A yeshiva (; he, ישיבה, , sitting; pl. , or ) is a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of Rabbinic literature, primarily the Talmud and halacha (Jewish law), while Torah and Jewish philosophy are studied in parallel. The studying is usually done through daily ''shiurim'' (lectures or classes) as well as in study pairs called '' chavrusas'' (Aramaic for 'friendship' or 'companionship'). ''Chavrusa''-style learning is one of the unique features of the yeshiva. In the United States and Israel, different levels of yeshiva education have different names. In the United States, elementary-school students enroll in a ''cheder'', post- bar mitzvah-age students learn in a ''metivta'', and undergraduate-level students learn in a ''beit midrash'' or ''yeshiva gedola'' ( he, ישיבה גדולה, , large yeshiva' or 'great yeshiva). In Israel, elementary-school students enroll in a ''Talmud Torah'' or ''cheder'', post-bar mitzvah-age students lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaim Kanievsky
Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky ( he, שמריהו יוסף חיים קַניֶבסקִי; January 8, 1928 – March 18, 2022) was an Israeli Haredi rabbi and ''posek''. He was a leading authority in Haredi Jewish society on legal and ethical practice. Known as the "minister of Torah", much of his prominence came through Torah education and advice about Jewish law. Though Kanievsky held no formal community-wide post, he was the ''de facto'' head of the Lithuanian branch of Haredi Judaism, revered as a consummate scholar of Jewish law and tradition, with unimpeachable rulings. Early life Chaim Kanievsky was born in Pinsk, Poland (now in Belarus), to Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky, known as the "Steipler Gaon", and Miriam Karelitz (Pesha Miriam: Pesha was added), sister of Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz, known as the "Chazon Ish". When Kanievsky was six years old, the family moved to Mandatory Palestine. After his immigration, he never left the country, even briefly. He worked hard learn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercaz HaRav Massacre
The 2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack was a mass shooting attack that occurred on 6 March 2008, in which a lone Palestinian gunman shot multiple students at the Mercaz HaRav yeshiva, a religious school in Jerusalem, after which the gunman himself was shot dead. Eight students and the perpetrator were killed. Eleven more were wounded, five of them placed in serious to critical condition. The attack began at 8:30 p.m. local time and ended sixteen minutes later. The attacker was stopped by long-time Mercaz HaRav student Yitzhak Dadon and off-duty Israel Defense Forces Captain David Shapira, who killed the perpetrator with their personal firearms. The attack itself was praised by Hamas and, according to a subsequent poll, was supported by 84 percent of the Palestinian population, the highest result showing support for violence in 15 years, which the pollster concluded was the result of recent actions by Israel in Gaza and the West Bank. It was condemned in official statements by v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossawa Center
The Mossawa Center was established in 1997 as a civil society organization to promote equality for Arab citizens in Israel. In Arabic, "mossawa" means "equality". The organization works to promote the social, economic, cultural, and political rights of the Arab minority living in Israel. Social and Economic Justice Arab citizens have been left behind in the development of the Israeli state. Mossawa monitors the State Budget and prepares reports demonstrating the discrimination against Arabs implicit in the distribution of services. The Mossawa Center lobbies the Knesset to increase budget allocations to the Arab community in Israel. In 2016, Mossawa director Jafar Farah met with members of the Knesset and held a conference with the Knesset Finance Committee to increase budgets for education, welfare, public transportation, and health services in the Arab community. The Mossawa Center partners with and advocates for the needs of Arab localities in Israel. At the organization’s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Jerusalem Post
''The Jerusalem Post'' is a broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as ''The Palestine Post''. In 1950, it changed its name to ''The Jerusalem Post''. In 2004, the paper was bought by Mirkaei Tikshoret, a diversified Israeli media firm controlled by investor Eli Azur. In April 2014, Azur acquired the newspaper ''Maariv''. The newspaper is published in English and previously also printed a French edition. Originally a left-wing newspaper, it underwent a noticeable shift to the political right in the late 1980s. From 2004 editor David Horovitz moved the paper to the center, and his successor in 2011, Steve Linde, pledged to provide balanced coverage of the news along with views from across the political spectrum. In April 2016, Linde stepped down as editor-in-chief and was replaced by Yaakov Katz, a former military reporter for the paper who previously served as an adviser to former Prime Minister Naftali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
