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Hazelnut Production In Turkey
Hazelnut production in Turkey is important as Turkey cultivates and processes most of the world's hazelnuts. According to several sources, it has a market share between 70 and 80% of the worldwide hazelnut production. History and geography There are accounts dating back to 1500 BC of hazelnuts being cultivated in the Black Sea region (historically Pontus) and the Turkish historian Evliya Çelebi described hazelnut orchards in the 1650s, during the Ottoman Empire. The hazelnut plantations are mainly located in the Black Sea region between Trabzon and Kocaeli. The hazelnut regions are divided in an older eastern part which spans from Ordu to Artvin and a new hazelnut region in the western part of the Black Sea between Samsun and Kocaeli. Most hazelnuts are grown in the provinces of Ordu, Samsun and Giresun while in Sakarya and Düzce hazelnut production is very efficient. In Ordu alone, 200,000 tons were harvested in 2017. Orchards Several traditional cultivars of hazel tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corylus Colurna (1)
''Corylus colurna'', the Turkish hazel or Turkish filbert, is a deciduous tree native to southeast Europe and southwest Asia, from the Balkans through northern Turkey to northern Iran. It is also found growing wild in the forests of Western Himalayan range in the north Indian state of Himachal Pradesh particularly in the temperate regions of districts of Kullu, Shimla, Kinnaur district and Chamba district. Description It is the largest species of hazel, reaching tall, with a stout trunk up to in diameter; the crown is slender and conical in young trees, becoming broader with age. The bark is pale grey-buff, with a thick, corky texture. The leaves are deciduous, rounded, 6–15 cm long and 5–13 cm across, softly hairy on both surfaces, and with a coarsely double-serrate to shallowly lobed margin. The main limbs are quite small in diameter in relationship to the straight trunk, and arise at almost a 90-degree angle. Making the tree quite durable to urban conditions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakarya Province
Sakarya ( tr, ) is a province in Turkey, located on the coast of Black Sea. The Sakarya River creates a webbing of estuaries in the province, which is in the Marmara Region. The adjacent provinces are Kocaeli to the west, Bilecik to the south, Bolu to the southeast and Düzce to the east. The capital of Sakarya is Adapazarı. Its climate is maritime in the north and humid subtropical in the south and changes by the distance to the Black Sea. Sakarya is on the Ankara-Istanbul highway and is also connected by rail. Sakarya is serviced by Istanbul's Sabiha Gökçen International Airport. The current mayor of Sakarya is Ekrem Yüce as of 2019. ( AKP). The city of Sakarya, one of the most important cities in Turkey for its rapid growth and development, is also noteworthy for its natural beauties and its cultural richness. It is one of the paradise-like spots of the country with its sea, beaches, lakes, rivers, highlands, thermal springs, traditional Ottoman lifestyle districts such a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levent
Levent is a neighbourhood and one of the main business districts of Istanbul, Turkey, located on the European side of the city. It is a part of the municipality of Beşiktaş and is situated to the north of the Golden Horn, at the western shore of the Bosphorus strait. Levent, together with nearby Maslak, is one of the main business districts on the European side of the city, where numerous skyscraper projects are currently under construction or in the planning phase. One of the modern skyline clusters of the city is located here, hidden behind the hills of the Bosphorus and not disturbing the atmosphere of the Constantinople, historical peninsula of Istanbul, which is at quite a distance. The tallest skyscraper in Levent is the 54-floor Istanbul Sapphire, which has a roof height of 238 metres (261 metres including its spire). It was Istanbul's and Turkey's tallest skyscraper between 2010 and 2016 — as of 2020, it is the 4th tallest skyscraper in Istanbul and Turkey, behin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of ascomycete fungi in the order Erysiphales. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as its symptoms are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant. Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high humidity and moderate temperatures. Greenhouses provide an ideal moist, temperate environment for the spread of the disease. This causes harm to agricultural and horticultural practices where powdery mildew may thrive in a greenhouse setting. In an agricultural or horticultural setting, the pathogen can be controlle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Stink Bug
The green stink bug or green soldier bug (''Chinavia hilaris'') is a stink bug of the family Pentatomidae. Taxonomy The species was previously placed in the genus ''Acrosternum'' but has been classified as in the genus ''Chinavia'' in the more recent literature (e.g., Schwertner and Grazia, 2006). However, the Entomological Society of America has not officially recognized this change despite this shift in scientific naming. Description The green stink bug's color is typically bright green, with narrow yellow, orange, or reddish edges. It is a large, shield-shaped bug with an elongate, oval form and a length between 13 and 18 mm. It can be differentiated from the species ''Nezara viridula'' by its black outermost three Antenna (biology), antennal segments. Its anterolateral (= in front and away from the middle) Prothorax, pronotal margin is rather straight and not strongly arced such as in ''Chinavia pensylvanica''. Both adults and nymph (biology), nymphs have large stin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
The brown marmorated stink bug (''Halyomorpha halys'') is an insect in the family Pentatomidae, native to China, Japan, Korea and other Asian regions. In September 1998 it was collected in Allentown, Pennsylvania, where it is believed to have been accidentally introduced. The nymphs and adults of the brown marmorated stink bug feed on over 100 species of plants, including many agricultural crops, and by 2010–11 had become a season-long pest in orchards in the Eastern United States. In 2010, in the Mid-Atlantic United States, $37 million in apple crops were lost, and some stone fruit growers lost more than 90% of their crops. Since the 2010's the bug has spread to Georgia and Turkey and caused extensive damage to hazelnut production. It is now established in many parts of North America, and has recently become established in Europe and South America. Description Adult brown marmorated stink bugs are approximately long and about as wide, forming the heraldic shield shape chara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Turkey
The Government of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmeti) is the national government of Turkey. It is governed as a unitary state A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. The central government may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). Such units exercise only th ... under a presidential system, presidential representative democracy and a Constitution of the Philippines, constitutional republic within a Diversity (politics), pluriform Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey, multi-party system. The term government can mean either the collective set of institutions (the Executive (government), executive, Legislature, legislative, and Judiciary, judicial branches) or specifically the Cabinet of Turkey, Cabinet (the executive). Naming The republic is named "Turkey" ( tr, Türkiye) or "Republic of Turkey" ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) with its full name. No o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nestlé
Nestlé S.A. (; ; ) is a Switzerland, Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014."Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a "huge advantage" over big pharma in creating medical foods" , ''CNN Money'', 1 April 2011 It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global 500, ''Fortune'' Global 500 in 2017 and No. 33 in the 2016 edition of the ''Forbes'' Global 2000 list of largest public companies. Nestlé's products include baby food (some including human milk oligosaccharides), medical food, bottled water, breakfast cereals, coffee and tea, confectionery, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olam International
Olam International is a major food and agri-business company, operating in 60 countries and supplying food and industrial raw materials to over 20,900 customers worldwide. Its value chain includes farming, origination, processing and distribution operations. Olam is among the world's largest suppliers of cocoa beans and products, coffee, cotton and rice. History In 1989, the Kewalram Chanrai Group established Olam Nigeria Plc to set up a non-oil based export operation out of Nigeria to secure hard currency earnings to meet the foreign exchange requirements of the other Group Companies operating in Nigeria. The success of this operation resulted in Olam establishing an independent export operation and sourcing and exporting other agricultural products. The Group's agri-business was headquartered in London until 1996, and operated under the name of Chanrai International Limited. The business began with the export of cashews from Nigeria and then expanded into exports of cotton, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balsu
Balsu Gida Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. is a producer, processor and exporter of hazelnuts and its derivatives. Its headquarters is located in Istanbul's Beykoz district. History Its history dates back to 1979, when its founder Cuneyd Zapsu established a company which supplied hazelnuts from Turkey to international markets. The modern company was founded in 1984 as a privately held business based in Istanbul. Balsu is reaching global markets through its affiliates: Balsu Europe GmbH in Germany, Balsu USA Inc in Florida, USA; and Balsu Asia in Hong-Kong. Production Today the company is one of the main hazelnut producers in Turkey, its factory in Sakarya is able to process about 55,000 tons of hazelnuts annually. It is also a leading exporter of hazelnuts to the global market and to its clients count companies like Ritter Sport, Ferrero or Nestlé. Balsu created together with Nestlé and Olam International Olam International is a major food and agri-business company, operat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nutella
Nutella (; ; ) is a brand of sweetened hazelnut Cocoa solids, cocoa Spread (food), spread. Nutella is manufactured by the Italian company Ferrero SpA, Ferrero and was first introduced in 1964, although its first iteration dates to 1963. History Pietro Ferrero owned a bakery in Alba, Piedmont, Alba, an Italian town known for the production of hazelnuts. In 1946, he sold the initial batch of ''Pasta Gianduja'', derived from Gianduja (chocolate), Gianduja. Originally sold as a solid block, Ferrero started to sell a creamy version in 1951 as ''Supercrema gianduja''. In 1963, Ferrero's son Michele Ferrero revamped ''Supercrema gianduja'' with the intention of marketing it throughout Europe. Its composition was modified, and it was renamed "Nutella". The first jar of Nutella left the factory in Alba on April 20, 1964. The product was an instant success and remains widely popular. In 2012, French senator Yves Daudigny proposed a tax increase on palm oil from €100 to €400 per to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferrero SpA
Ferrero SpA (), more commonly known as Ferrero Group or simply Ferrero, is an Italian multinational company with headquarters in Alba, Italy. manufacturer of branded chocolate and confectionery products, and the second biggest chocolate producer and confectionery company in the world. Ferrero International SA's headquarters is in Luxembourg. Ferrero SA is a private company owned by the Ferrero family and has been described as "one of the world's most secretive firms". Reputation Institute's 2009 survey ranked Ferrero as the most reputable company in the world. It was founded in 1946 in Alba, Piedmont, Italy, by Pietro Ferrero, a confectioner and small-time pastry maker who laid the groundwork for Nutella and added hazelnut to save money on chocolate, taking the idea from gianduia, a sweet chocolate spread containing about 30% hazelnut paste, invented in Turin during Napoleon's regency (1796–1814). The company saw a period of tremendous growth and success under Pietro's son Mic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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