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Hashgacha Pratit (organization)
Hashgacha Pratit (השגחה-פרטית) is an independent, Israel-based organization with both female and male clergy that self-describes as providing an alternative form of Orthodox Rabbinical authority and social activism group dedicated to challenging the monopoly of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel over religious ceremonies and practices, through the provision of private religious ceremonies. Founded in 2012 by Rabbi Aaron Leibowitz in Jerusalem, Israel, it offers alternative ''halachic'' services in life-cycle events, rabbinical training, and other courses in religious education. It has provided private ''kashrut'' supervision for restaurants, worked on raising public awareness and finding loopholes in the laws to circumvent the Chief Rabbinate’s monopoly, first regarding Kashrut, by leading the movement to open the kosher food market to competition, and today regarding Orthodox wedding ceremonies. The term “Hashgacha Pratit” means “Divine providence,” but can al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divine Providence In Judaism
Divine providence ( he, השגחה פרטית ''Hashgochoh Protis'' or ''Hashgaha Peratit'', lit. divine supervision of the individual) is discussed throughout rabbinic literature, by the classical Jewish philosophers, and by the tradition of Jewish mysticism. The discussion brings into consideration the Jewish understanding of nature, and its reciprocal, the miraculous. This analysis thus underpins much of Orthodox Judaism's world view, particularly as regards questions of interaction with the natural world, and the need for skills and personal effort (''Hishtadlus''/Hishtadlut in Hebrew). Classical Jewish philosophy Divine providence is discussed by all of the major Jewish philosophers, but its extent and nature is a matter of dispute. There are, broadly, two views, differing largely as to the frequency with which God intervenes in the natural order. The first view admits a frequency of miracles. Here there is a stability of the natural order which nevertheless allows for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miriam Naor
Miriam Naor ( he, מרים נאור) (26 October 1947 – 24 January 2022) was an Israeli judge who was President of the Supreme Court of Israel from January 2015 to October 2017. Naor retired at the end of October 2017 upon reaching the mandatory judicial retirement age of 70. She was succeeded by Esther Hayut. Biography Naor was born in Jerusalem. Naor hailed from a family rooted in the Revisionist Zionist tradition. Her father, Naftaly Lerner, emigrated from Odessa to Palestine in 1922 and studied civil engineering at the Technion in Haifa. In 1944, he married her mother Batya (née Karklinsky), who immigrated from Lithuania in 1910. She studied nursing at the Hadassah School of Nursing in Jerusalem. She graduated from the Hebrew University’s law school in 1971. Her husband, Aryeh Naor, served as Prime Minister Menachem Begin’s cabinet secretary from 1977 to 1982. Her mother-in-law, Esther Raziel-Naor, was a long-serving member of Knesset for Herut (the precursor to L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Get (divorce Document)
A or ''gett'' (; , plural ) is a document in Jewish religious law which effectuates a divorce between a Jewish couple. The requirements for a ''get'' include that the document be presented by a husband to his wife. The essential part of the ' is a very short declaration: "You are hereby permitted to all men". The effect of the ''get'' is to free the woman from the marriage, and consequently she is free to marry another and that the laws of adultery no longer apply. The ' also returns to the wife the legal rights that a husband held in regard to her. Etymology The biblical term for the divorce document, described in , is "Sefer Keritut", ( he, ספר כריתת). The word may have its origins in the Sumerian word for document, . It appears to have passed from Sumerian into Akkadian as and from there into Mishnaic Hebrew. In fact in the Mishnah, can refer to any legal document although it refers primarily to a divorce document. (Tosefet Beracha to Ki Tisa) A number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kohen
Kohen ( he, , ''kōhēn'', , "priest", pl. , ''kōhănīm'', , "priests") is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. Levitical priests or ''kohanim'' are traditionally believed and halakhically required to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also ''Aharon''), brother of Moses. During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem, ''kohanim'' performed the daily and holiday (Yom Tov) duties of korban, sacrificial offerings. Today, ''kohanim'' retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism and are bound by additional restrictions according to Orthodox Judaism. In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders. Ethiopian Jewish religious leaders are sometimes called ''kahen'', a form of the same word, but the position is not hereditary and their duties are more like those of rabbis than kohanim in most Jewish communities. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuck Davidson
Chuck Davidson (March 17, 1961) is an American Orthodox rabbi who made Aliya to Israel. His willingness to challenge the religious establishment of the Israeli Chief Rabbinate, specifically in the realms of marriage and conversion, has been controversial. Marriages Davidson is one of the few Orthodox rabbis in Israel willing to marry people outside of the Rabbinate. According to Israeli law, marriage that conform to religious standards but are conducted outside of the official religious institutions is punishable with up to two years in jail, for both the couple and the officiating clergy. Davidson has publicly conducted over 170 marriages outside of the Rabbinate, and in doing so, has openly challenged the state to jail him. The state has not followed through, even though Davidson has claimed that his ultimate goal in conducting these marriages is to get arrested. Davidson believes the law to be problematic and is confident the courts will strike the law down, however if they d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was established by the Bolsheviks in 1922, in place of the Russian Empire. At the time of the 1917 Revolution, the Russian Orthodox Church was deeply integrated into the autocratic state, enjoying official status. This was a significant factor that contributed to the Bolshevik attitude to religion and the steps they took to control it. Thus the USSR became the first state to have as one objective of its official ideology the elimination of existing religion, and the prevention of future implanting of religious belief, with the goal of establishing state atheism (''gosateizm''). Under the doctrine of state atheism in the Soviet Union, there was a "government-sponsored program of conversion to atheism" conducted by Communists. The Communist government targeted religions based on State interests, and while most organized religions were never outlawed, religious property was confiscated, believers were harassed, and religion was ridiculed while atheism was propagate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Jews In Israel
Russian Jews in Israel are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Russian Jewish communities, who now reside within the State of Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated .... They number around 900,000. This refers to all post-Soviet Jewish diaspora groups, not only Russian Jews, but also Mountain Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews. Immigration history The largest number of Russian Jews now live in Israel. Israel is home to a core Russian-Jewish population of 900,000, and an enlarged population of 1,200,000 (including Halakha, halakhically Russians in Israel, non-Jewish members of Jewish households, but excluding those who reside in Israel illegally). The Aliyah in the 1990s accounts for 85–90% of this population. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jewish Wedding
A Jewish wedding is a wedding ceremony that follows Jewish laws and traditions. While wedding ceremonies vary, common features of a Jewish wedding include a ''ketubah'' (marriage contract) which is signed by two witnesses, a ''chuppah'' or ''huppah'' (wedding canopy), a ring owned by the groom that is given to the bride under the canopy, and the breaking of a glass. Technically, the Jewish wedding process has two distinct stages. The first, '' kiddushin'' (Hebrew for "betrothal"; sanctification or dedication, also called ''erusin'') and ''nissuin'' (marriage), is when the couple start their life together. It is at the first stage (kiddushin) when the women becomes prohibited to all other men, requiring a ''get'' (religious divorce) to dissolve it, while the second stage permits the couple to each other. The ceremony that accomplishes ''nissuin'' is also known as ''chuppah''.Made in Heaven, A Jewish Wedding Guide by Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan, Moznaim Publishing Company, New York / Jerus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuppah
A ''chuppah'' ( he, חוּפָּה, pl. חוּפּוֹת, ''chuppot'', literally, "canopy" or "covering"), also huppah, chipe, chupah, or chuppa, is a canopy under which a Judaism, Jewish couple stand during their Jewish wedding, wedding ceremony. It consists of a cloth or sheet, sometimes a tallit, stretched or supported over four poles, or sometimes manually held up by attendants to the ceremony. A ''chuppah'' symbolizes the home that the couple will build together. In a more general sense, ''chuppah'' refers to the method by which ''nesuin'', the second stage of a Jewish marriage, is accomplished. According to some opinions, it is accomplished by the couple standing under the canopy along with the rabbi who weds them; however, there are other views., Chapter 18 Customs A traditional ''chuppah'', especially in Orthodox Judaism, recommends that there be open sky exactly above the ''chuppah'', although this is not mandatory among Sephardic communities. If the wedding ceremony ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marriage In Israel
Marriage in Israel can be performed only under the auspices of the religious community to which couples belong, and inter-faith marriages performed within the country are not legally recognized. Matrimonial law is based on the ''millet'' or confessional community system which had been employed in the Ottoman Empire, including what is now Israel, was not modified during the British Mandate of the region, and remains in force in the State of Israel. Israel recognizes only marriages under the faiths of Jewish, Muslim, and Druze communities, and ten specified denominations of Christianity. Marriages in each community are under the jurisdiction of their own religious authorities. The religious authority for Jewish marriages performed in Israel is the Chief Rabbinate of Israel and the Rabbinical courts. The Israeli Interior Ministry registers marriages on presentation of the required documentation. Israel's religious authorities — the only entities authorized to perform weddings in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzohar (organization)
Tzohar Rabbinical Organization ( he, ארגון רבני צהר, ''Irgun Rabbanei Tzohar'') is an Israeli organization of over 800 religious Zionist Orthodox rabbis. It aims to bridge the gaps between religious and secular Jews in Israel. History The organization was founded after the murder of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin in 1995, in order to help shape the Jewish character of Israel through dialogue and search for common elements of identity across all sectors of Israeli Jewish society. Its founders are Rabbis Yuval Cherlow, David Stav, Shai Piron, Tzachi Lehman, Elisha Aviner, and Raffi Feurstein. Tzohar has been supported by the Avi Chai Foundation since its inception. Activities Tzohar rabbis take a non-judgemental and non-coercive approach, which is an alternative to the Rabbanut, Israel's governmental rabbinic authority. The rabbis of Tzohar participate in various religious activities such as officiating at Jewish weddings, training brides and grooms in the laws of niddah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shechita
In Judaism, ''shechita'' (anglicized: ; he, ; ; also transliterated ''shehitah, shechitah, shehita'') is slaughtering of certain mammals and birds for food according to ''kashrut''. Sources states that sheep and cattle should be slaughtered "as I have instructed you", but nowhere in the Torah are any of the practices of ''shechita'' described. Instead, they have been handed down in Rabbinic Judaism's Oral Torah, and codified in ''halakha''. Species The animal must be of a permitted species. For mammals, this is restricted to ruminants which have split hooves. For birds, although biblically any species of bird not specifically excluded in would be permitted, doubts as to the identity and scope of the species on the biblical list led to rabbinical law permitting only birds with a tradition of being permissible. Fish do not require kosher slaughter to be considered kosher, but are subject to other laws found in which determine whether or not they are kosher (having both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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