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Hart–Agnew Law
The Hart–Agnew Law was an anti- gambling bill passed into law by the Legislature of the State of New York on June 11, 1908. It was an amalgam of bills enacted as Chapter 506 and 507 which were sponsored by conservative Assemblyman Merwin K. Hart and Republican Senator George B. Agnew. For more than a decade, moral activists, including the YMCA, had demanded New York enact legislation similar to that passed in 1898 by the state of New Jersey which banned both gambling and horse racing. Newly elected Republican Governor of New York Charles Evans Hughes advocated changes to gambling laws and in January 1908 he recommended the repeal of the Percy–Gray Law of 1895 and its replacement with strict new anti-gambling legislation that would provide substantial fines and a prison term for those convicted of betting. Effect on horse racing Although the Hart–Agnew law was regularly referred to as the anti-racing law, horse racing did continue under the interpretation that oral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gambling
Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three elements to be present: consideration (an amount wagered), risk (chance), and a prize. The outcome of the wager is often immediate, such as a single roll of dice, a spin of a roulette wheel, or a horse crossing the finish line, but longer time frames are also common, allowing wagers on the outcome of a future sports contest or even an entire sports season. The term "gaming" in this context typically refers to instances in which the activity has been specifically permitted by law. The two words are not mutually exclusive; ''i.e.'', a "gaming" company offers (legal) "gambling" activities to the public and may be regulated by one of many gaming control boards, for example, the Nevada Gaming Control Board. However, this distinction is not u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gravesend Race Track
Gravesend Race Track at Gravesend in Brooklyn, New York was a Thoroughbred horse racing facility that opened in 1886 and closed in 1910. The track was built by the Brooklyn Jockey Club with the backing of Philip and Michael Dwyer, two wealthy racing stable owners known as the Dwyer Brothers. Philip, the controlling shareholder of the Brooklyn Jockey Club, served as its president. Gravesend Race Track hosted the Preakness Stakes for fifteen years. History Opened on August 26, 1886, its first executive board consisted of: * Col. William L. Scott * James Ben Ali Haggin * Michael F. Dwyer * Elias J. "Lucky" Baldwin * Capt. Samuel S. Brown The facility covered an area which extended from McDonald Avenue (then Gravesend Avenue) to Ocean Parkway, and from Kings Highway to Avenue U. This land had previously been occupied by the Prospect Park Fair Grounds, a slightly smaller and far more modest race course which had been used for harness racing. The facility was enclosed by a twelv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lester Reiff
Lester Berchart Reiff (1877–1948) was an American jockey who achieved racing acclaim in the United Kingdom in the first decade of the twentieth century. In 1900, he was the number one jockey racing in Britain based on earnings, beating other prominent American jockeys such as Tod Sloan, Danny Maher, Skeets Martin and his younger brother, John Reiff, that were also racing in Britain at the time.''New York Times.' "Lester Reiff's Record."November 25, 1900. The Reiff brothers were implicated in a horse doping scandal in late 1901, which led to the revocation of Lester Reiff's license and the end of his racing career.''New York Times.' "Reiff's license revoked."October 2, 1901.''New York Times.' "Turfmen still agitated."October 29, 1900. Early life and U.S. racing career Lester B. Reiff was born on April 26, 1877, in Americus, Missouri, to John Wesley Reiff and Elizabeth Jane (''née'' Wandel) Reiff.Ancestry Library. U.S. Passport application for his brother Delbert Reiff with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Reiff
John "Knickerbocker" Reiff (1885–1974) was an American flat racing jockey, whose greatest successes came in Great Britain where he won three Classics. Reiff came to England with his older brother Lester to ride for the American trainer Enoch Wishard as part of an influx of American jockeys who gained success around the turn of the century. At the time, he weighed just over 5 stone and gained the nickname "Knickerbocker" because of his juvenile style of dress. Among the races he won as a young jockey were the Royal Hunt Cup and Stewards Cup on Royal Flush, the Ebor Handicap on Jiffy II and the Cambridgeshire Handicap on Watershed. In 1899, he registered 27 winners. In October 1901 his brother had his licence withdrawn by the Jockey Club for "pulling" a horse so that it did not win. It was a commonly held view that John would do likewise to suit the American gamblers with whom he associated. As a result of this incident, the younger Reiff moved to France, where, for a time he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank O'Neill (jockey)
Francis O'Neill (1886–1960) was an American Hall of Fame jockey who won top stakes races in the United States but whose career was cut short by the catastrophic impact of the Hart–Agnew Law anti-betting legislation. He had no choice but to find work in Europe and in 1908, he and trainer Fred Burlew Frederick "Fred" Burlew (March 20, 1871 – May 3, 1927) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. He was the trainer of the winning horse of the Kentucky Derby in 1922. He was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame ... went to race in Europe from a base in France where they had much success. O'Neill won three British and four French Classic Races and was the annual Champion Rider in France eleven times in fourteen years. Among notable owners, O'Neill rode for the American William Kissam Vanderbilt and French owner Baron Edouard A. de Rothschild. References 1886 births 1960 deaths American jockeys British jockeys French jockeys United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skeets Martin
John Henry Martin (1875–1944), commonly referred to as "Skeets" Martin, was an American jockey who achieved many racing wins in the United States and the United Kingdom during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. His most notable race wins were the 1902 Epsom Derby on Ard Patrick and the 1903 2,000 Guineas on Rock Sand. Martin's technique was often at odds with racing authority rules, his license being suspended several times, and his early career was marred by allegations of cheating and underhanded gambling practices.''New York Times.' "A column for race-goers."May 28, 1899. Early life and U.S. racing career Martin was born on January 25, 1875 in Titusville, Pennsylvania.Ancestry Library, from 1916 U.S. passport application. Roll 0285 - Certificates: 14701-15100, 10 Jan 1916-13 Jan 1916. His family relocated to Santa Clara, California in the late 1880s and young Martin began an apprenticeship at the local racetrack when he was 15.James Forman Sloan ''Tod Sloan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel A
''Daniel'' is an anonymous Old English poem based loosely on the Biblical Book of Daniel, found in the Junius Manuscript. The author and the date of ''Daniel'' are unknown. Critics have argued that Cædmon is the author of the poem, but this theory has been since disproved. ''Daniel'', as it is preserved, is 764 lines long. There have been numerous arguments that there was originally more to this poem than survives today. The majority of scholars, however, dismiss these arguments with the evidence that the text finishes at the bottom of a page, and that there is a simple point, which translators assume indicates the end of a complete sentence. ''Daniel'' contains a plethora of lines which Old English scholars refer to as “hypermetric” or long. Daniel is one of the four major Old Testament prophets, along with Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. The poet even changed the meaning of the story from remaining faithful while you are being persecuted to a story dealing with pride, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tod Sloan (jockey)
James Forman "Tod" Sloan (August 10, 1874 - December 21, 1933) was an American thoroughbred horse racing jockey. He was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1955. Early life and US racing career Sloan was born in Bunker Hill, Indiana, near Kokomo, the son of a Union Army soldier. He was a tiny and frail child, and after his mother died when he was five, his father sent him to live with a nearby family. He was still a young boy when he struck out on his own, taking jobs in the nearby gas and oil fields. For a time he ended up working at a horse racing stable in St. Louis, but later in Kansas City was employed by a thoroughbred horse trainer who encouraged him to take advantage of his diminutive stature and become a jockey. By 1886, Sloan was working at Latonia Race Track in Covington, Kentucky, where trainer Sam Hildreth gave him the opportunity to ride one of his horses. Sloan's performance was not impressive, and his horse finished in the back of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horse Breeding
Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed. Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses. Furthermore, modern breeding management and technologies can increase the rate of conception, a healthy pregnancy, and successful foaling. Terminology The male parent of a horse, a stallion, is commonly known as the ''sire'' and the female parent, the mare, is called the ''dam''. Both are genetically important, as each parent genes can be existent with a 50% probability in the foal. Contrary to popular misuse, "colt" refers to a young male horse only; "filly" is a young female. Though many horse owners may simply breed a family mare to a local stallion in order to produce a companion animal, most professional breeders use selective breeding to produce individuals of a given phenotype, or breed. Alternatively, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor. Bankrupt is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term ''bankruptcy'' is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. Etymology The word ''bankruptcy'' is derived from Italian ''banca rotta'', literally meaning "broken bank". The term is often described as having originated in renaissance Italy, where there allegedly existed the tradition of smashing a banker's bench if he defaulted on payment so that the public could see that the banker, the owner of the bench, was no longer in a condition to continue his business, although some dismiss this as a false etymology. History In Ancient Greece, bankruptcy did not exist. If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saratoga Springs, New York
Saratoga Springs is a city in Saratoga County, New York, United States. The population was 28,491 at the 2020 census. The name reflects the presence of mineral springs in the area, which has made Saratoga a popular resort destination for over 200 years. It is home to the Saratoga Race Course, a thoroughbred horse racing track, and Saratoga Performing Arts Center, a music and dance venue. The city's official slogan is "Health, History, and Horses." History The British built Fort Saratoga in 1691 on the west bank of the Hudson River. Shortly thereafter, British colonists settled the current village of Schuylerville approximately one mile south; it was known as Saratoga until 1831. Native Americans believed the springs about 10 miles (16 km) west of the village—today called High Rock Spring—had medicinal properties. In 1767, William Johnson, a British soldier who was a hero of the French and Indian War, was brought by Native American friends to the spring to treat his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Board Of Directors
A board of directors (commonly referred simply as the board) is an executive committee that jointly supervises the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit or a nonprofit organization such as a business, nonprofit organization, or a government agency. The powers, duties, and responsibilities of a board of directors are determined by government regulations (including the jurisdiction's corporate law) and the organization's own constitution and by-laws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and may be subordinate to, the organization's full membership, which usually elect the members of the board. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are elected by the shareholders, and the board has ultimate responsibility for the management of the corporation. In nations with codetermination (such as Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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