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Harakat 23 Mars
''Harakat 23 Mars'' ( ''March 23 Movement'') was a Marxist Leninist movement founded in Morocco on March 23, 1970. Background The group is named after the Uprisings of March 23, 1965, which broke out the day after a violently repressed peaceful student protest.Par Omar Brouksy,Que s'est-il vraiment passé le 23 mars 1965?, ''Jeune Afrique'', 21 March 2005Archived Many young people could not forgive the state for the killings, particularly with the absence of any investigation or questioning, as well as with the permanence of those responsible in their respective positions. Among these was General Mohamed Oufkir, the second most powerful figure in the country behind King Hassan II, who on March 23, 1965 allegedly fired on the crowds from a helicopter. In this context, there was serious thought given to starting an organization that adopted violence and radical change as means to achieve political goals, distant from political parties that were restricted by the law. This was in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east, and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. Mauritania lies to the south of Western Sahara. Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It spans an area of or , with a population of roughly 37 million. Its official and predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber; the Moroccan dialect of Arabic and French are also widely spoken. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, and European cultures. Its capital is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. In a region inhabited since the Paleolithic Era over 300,000 years ago, the first Moroccan s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed
; 1948 – 9 June 1976) was a Sahrawi nationalist leader, co-founder and second Secretary-General of the Polisario Front. Youth and background El-Ouali was born in 1948 in a Sahrawi nomad encampment somewhere on the ''hammada'' desert plains in eastern Spanish Sahara or northern Mauritania; some sources give his place of birth as Bir Lehlou, a location that is symbolic for the Polisario Front, for being the place of the proclamation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). His parents were poor and his father disabled, and with the sum of the severe drought on the Sahara that year, and the consequences of the Ifni War, the family had to abandon the traditional bedouin lifestyle of the Sahrawis, settling near Tan-Tan (nowadays southern Morocco) at the late 1950s. Some sources stated that Ouali's family was deported among others to Morocco by Spanish authorities in 1960. He went to Primary School in Tan-Tan in 1962, and then to the Islamic Institute in Taroudannt in 1966 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republicanism In Morocco
Morocco, currently a monarchy, has known some attempts to establish republican forms of government. Some of those attempts are continuing to this day: *Morisco refugees from Andalusia formed in Salé and Rabat the ''Republic of Bou Regreg,'' a base for piracy (1627-1668). * Berber rebels in the Rif Region first established the Rif Republic (1921-1926) under Abd el-Krim against Spanish colonial rule, the state lasted until 1925 when the rebels tried to take the city of Fes, in a failed attempt to expand the republic into French Morocco. *In 1971 army cadets under General Madbouh and Colonel Ababuh attacked king Hassan II in the ''Shkirat'' palace. A republic was proclaimed on ''Radio Rabat'', was but suppressed by General Mohamed Oufkir. However, in 1972 Oufkir initiated his own coup d'état; the Air Force tried multiple times to bring down the king's airplane, attacked the Rabat airport and bombed the royal palace in Rabat. The coup ultimately failed. *During the 2011–2012 Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moroccan Nationalism
Moroccan may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to the country of Morocco * Moroccan people * Moroccan Arabic, spoken in Morocco * Moroccan Jews See also * Morocco leather Morocco leather (also known as Levant, the French Maroquin, or German Saffian from Safi, a Moroccan town famous for leather) is a vegetable-tanned leather known for its softness, pliability, and ability to take color. It has been widely used in ... * * {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebel Groups In Morocco
A rebel is a participant in a rebellion. Rebel or rebels may also refer to: People * Rebel (given name) * Rebel (surname) * Patriot (American Revolution), during the American Revolution * American Southerners, as a form of self-identification; see Southern United States * DJ Rebel (born 1984), or simply Rebel, Belgian DJ * Johnny Reb, or Johnny Rebel, the national personification of the Southern states of the United States * In professional wrestling: **Rebel (wrestler), American professional wrestler ** Rockin Rebel, American professional wrestler ** The Rebel, a nickname for American professional wrestler Dick Slater Organizations and brands * Rebel (company), a sport equipment retailer in Australia and New Zealand * Rebel (entertainment complex), an entertainment complex in Toronto, Ontario, Canada * Rebel (Denmark), a Danish youth organization * Murphy Rebel, an airplane model by Murphy Aircraft * REBEL (chess), a chess program * Rebel (train), a type of train * Reach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Way
Democratic Way ( ar, النهج الديمقراطي, french: La Voie Democratique) is a legal Hoxhaist Marxist-Leninist political party in Morocco led by Mustapha Brahma and includes former members of the heavily repressed Moroccan Communist Party and the Marxist-Leninist Moroccan Movement. Democratic Way has boycotted all the elections held since its creation as they do not consider them to be free, deeming them to be "democratic smokescreen" for the Moroccan royal regime. History and profile Since 2004, when the party was legalized by the Moroccan State, its Secretary General iMustapha Brahma who has succeeded Abdallah El Harif. since July 2012. The party has around 50 local sections in Morocco, as well as European branches for Moroccan immigrants in Spain, France, Italy and Belgium. Constituted in 1995 by members of the clandestine organization " Ila Al Amame" (Forward), integrated also sympathizers of the Marxist–Leninist Moroccan movement (MLMM). Ila Al-Amam, created i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanzim (Morocco)
The National Union of Popular Forces ( ar, الاتحاد الوطني للقوات الشعبية; , UNFP) was founded in 1959 in Morocco by Mehdi Ben Barka and his entourage, because they found that the Istiqlal Party was not radical enough. Espousing socialist policies, the party took a strongly critical line towards the ruling monarchy, and consequently faced severe police repression, led by interior minister general Mohamed Oufkir. The UNFP had a diverse leadership: while Abderrahim Bouabid, and Abderrahmane Youssoufi were considered moderates, Fqih Basri was promoting armed struggle, and Ben Barka chose to oppose the rule from exile. When the Sand War broke out between Morocco and Algeria in 1963, Ben Barka, then in Algeria, officially sided with Ahmed Ben Bella's FLN government. This was seen as high treason by the Moroccan government, and he was sentenced to death ''in absentia''. He later "disappeared" in exile in France, possibly on Oufkir's orders, in a case that r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibrahim Yassine
Ibrahim ( ar, إبراهيم, links=no ') is the Arabic name for Abraham, a Biblical patriarch and prophet in Islam. For the Islamic view of Ibrahim, see Abraham in Islam. Ibrahim may also refer to: * Ibrahim (name), a name (and list of people with the name) * Ibrahim (sura), a sura of the Qur'an * '' Ibrahim el Awal'', a Hunt-class destroyer that served in the Egyptian navy under that name 1951-56 * Ibrahim prize, a prize to recognise good governance in Africa * "Ibrahim", a song by David Friedman from ''Shades of Change'' See also * Ibrahimzai Ibrahimzai ( ps, ابراهيمزی), also called Burhan, Boran or Brahim, are one of the two main branches of the Ghilji Pashtun Pashtuns (, , ; ps, پښتانه, ), also known as Pakhtuns or Pathans, are an Iranian ethnic group who are ..., a Pashtun tribe of Afghanistan * Ibrahima * Abraham (other) * Avraham (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Bensaid Ait Idder
Mohamed Bensaid Ait Idder (, – born 1 July 1925) is a Moroccan politician and activist. Ait Idder started his activism first against French Protectorate in Morocco, and was one of the founders and leaders of the Moroccan Army of Liberation. After Morocco's independence, Ait Idder opposed the system in place, especially the king Hassan II. Bensaid Ait Idder was co-founder of several leftist political movements and parties in the independent Morocco, including:National Union of Popular Forces, Harakat 23 Mars, Organization for the Popular Democratic Action and the Unified Socialist Party. Early life Mohamed Bensaid Ait Idder was born in 1925 in Tin Mansour, in the Berber-speaking province of Chtouka Aït Baha, in Sous, Morocco. After finishing his primary studies, he moved to Marrakesh in 1945 to start university studies. There, he adopted nationalistic ideas and worked together with anti-colonial activists in Marrakesh, including Abdallah Ibrahim and Mohamed Basri. Politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organization Of Popular Democratic Action
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from the Greek word ''organon'', which means tool or instrument, musical instrument, and organ. Types There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, political organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and educational institutions, etc. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector simultaneously, fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. A voluntary association is an organization consisting of volunteers. Such organizations may be able to operate without legal formalities, depending on jurisdiction, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comprador
A comprador or compradore () is a "person who acts as an agent for foreign organizations engaged in investment, trade, or economic or political exploitation". A comprador is a Indigenous peoples, native manager for a European business house in East Asia, East and South East Asia, and, by extension, social groups that play broadly similar roles in other parts of the world. Etymology The term ''comprador'', a Portuguese language, Portuguese word that means ''buyer'', derives from the Latin ''comparare'', which means ''to procure''. The original usage of the word in East Asia meant a native servant in European households in Guangzhou in southern China or the neighboring Portugal, Portuguese colony at Macao that went to market to barter their employers' wares. The term then evolved to mean the native contract suppliers who worked for foreign companies in East Asia or the native managers of firms in East Asia. Compradors held important positions in southern China buying and selling tea, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Souffles (magazine)
''Souffles'' or ''Anfas'' () was a francophone and arabophone quarterly socio-political literary magazine published in Rabat, Morocco, between 1966 and 1972. History and profile ''Souffles'' was established in 1966 as "a manifesto for a new aesthetics in the Maghreb" by a small group of self-professed 'linguistic guerrillas': Abdellatif Laâbi, Mostafa Nissabouri, Mohammed Khaïr-Eddine, Bernard Jakobiak, Mohamed Melehi, Hamid El Houadri, and Mohammed Fatha. The magazine became a conduit for a new generation of writers, artists, and intellectuals to stage a revolution against imperialist and colonial cultural domination. The starting point for this revolution was language. It was based in Rabat. From its first issue, ''Souffles'' posed an aggressive challenge to the traditional Francophone and Arabophone literary divides by encouraging experimentation, translations and collaborations. It was not long before its trademark cover emblazoned with an intense black sun radiat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
