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Hannes Alfvén Prize
The Hannes Alfvén Prize is a prize established by the European Physical Society (EPS) Plasma Physics Division in 2000. The Prize is awarded annually by the European Physical Society at the EPS Conference on Plasma Physics for outstanding work in the field of plasma physics: "for achievements which have shaped the plasma physics field or are expected to do so in future." The Plasma Physics Division of EPS It is named after the Swedish physicist . List of winners See also * |
European Physical Society
The European Physical Society (EPS) is a non-profit organisation whose purpose is to promote physics and physicists in Europe through methods such as physics outreach. Formally established in 1968, its membership includes the national physical societies of 42 countries, and some 3200 individual members. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, the world's largest and oldest organisation of physicists, is a major member. Conferences One of its main activities is organizing international conferences. The EPS sponsors conferences other than the Europhysics Conference, like the International Conference of Physics Students in 2011. Divisions and groups The scientific activities of EPS are organised through Divisions and Groups, who organise topical conferences, seminars, and workshops. The Divisions and Groups are governed by boards elected from members. The current Divisions of the EPS are: * Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Division * Condensed Matter Division * Environmenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm Haines
Malcolm Golby Haines (12 October 1936 – 13 January 2013) was a British plasma physicist known for his research on Z-pinches. He was a Fellow of the American Physical Society and was co-awarded the 2005 Hannes Alfvén Prize. Early life and career Haines studied at Imperial College London in 1953 and has remained there for the rest of his life. He obtained a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 1957 and 1960 respectively. He then joined the Imperial College faculty as a lecturer in 1960, was promoted to senior lecturer in 1967 and later appointed Professor of Physics. He then retired in 2002, but was still active in research in the Plasma Physics Group as emeritus professor. Scientific contributions After Russian scientists led by Valentin Smirnov had achieved a breakthrough in plasma physics by using rod grids in Z-pinch arrangements, Haines optimized the grids and other experimental parameters and undertook theoretical simulations of the implos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allen Boozer
Allen Boozer (Born July 28, 1944 in Orangeburg, South Carolina) is an American physicist, full professor, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University and co-recipient of the 2010 Hannes Alfvén Prize. He is noted for work in plasma physics. Education *Ph.D., physics, Cornell University, 1970. *bachelor-of-arts degree in physics from the University of Virginia in 1966 *Elected to Phi Beta Kappa The Phi Beta Kappa Society () is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and the most prestigious, due in part to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal a ... as an undergraduate and received Woodrow Wilson and National Science Foundation fellowships as a graduate student. References External links Homepage 21st-century American physicists Living people University of Virginia alumni Cornell University alumni Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laser-wakefield Acceleration
Plasma acceleration is a technique for accelerating charged particles, such as electrons, positrons, and ions, using the electric field associated with electron plasma wave or other high-gradient plasma structures (like shock and sheath fields). The plasma acceleration structures are created either using ultra-short laser pulses or energetic particle beams that are matched to the plasma parameters. These techniques offer a way to build high performance particle accelerators of much smaller size than conventional devices. The basic concepts of plasma acceleration and its possibilities were originally conceived by Toshiki Tajima and John M. Dawson of UCLA in 1979. The initial experimental designs for a "wakefield" accelerator were conceived at UCLA by Chandrashekhar J. Joshi et al. Current experimental devices show accelerating gradients several orders of magnitude better than current particle accelerators over very short distances, and about one order of magnitude better (1 GeV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inertial Confinement Fusion
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a fusion energy process that initiates nuclear fusion reactions by compressing and heating targets filled with thermonuclear fuel. In modern machines, the targets are small spherical pellets about the size of a pinhead typically containing a mixture of about 10 milligrams of deuterium 2H and tritium 3H. To compress and heat the fuel, energy is deposited in the outer layer of the target using high-energy beams of photons, electrons or ions, although almost all ICF devices used lasers. The beams heat the outer layer, which explodes outward. This produces a reaction force against the remainder of the target, which accelerates it inwards and compresses the fuel. This process also creates shock waves that travel inward through the target. Sufficiently powerful shock waves can compress and heat the fuel at the center such that fusion occurs. ICF is one of two major branches of fusion energy research, the other is magnetic confinement fusion. When ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Planck Institute Of Quantum Optics
The Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics (abbreviation: MPQ; german: Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik) is a part of the Max Planck Society which operates 87 research facilities in Germany. The institute is located in Garching, Germany, which in turn is located 10 km north-east of Munich. Five research groups work in the fields of attosecond physics, laser physics, quantum information theory, laser spectroscopy, quantum dynamics and quantum many body systems. Structure Divisions * Attosecond physics (Ferenc Krausz) * Laser spectroscopy (Theodor W. Hänsch) * Quantum dynamics (Gerhard Rempe) * Quantum many body systems (Immanuel Bloch) * Theory (Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain) Research groups * RyD-QMB, Rydberg Dressed Quantum Many-Body Systems (Christian Groß) * Antimatter spectroscopy (Masaki Hori) * Otto Hahn Group Quantum Networks (Andreas Reiserer) * Theory of Quantum Matter (Richard Schmidt) * Entanglement of Complex Quantum Systems (Norbert Schuch) R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn
Jürgen Meyer-ter-Vehn (born 16 February 1940 in Berlin, Germany) is a German theoretical physicist who specializes in laser-plasma interactions at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics. He published under the name Meyer until 1973. Meyer-ter-Vehn's work involved examining the physical principles of inertial fusion with lasers and heavy ion beams. In the 2000s, he dealt with relativistic laser-plasma interaction (where, for example, due to the relativistic increase in mass, new effects occur such as induced transparency and self-focusing with channel formation) and with the formation of plasma blocks by ultra-short terawatt laser pulses for laser fusion (fast ignition). He also further developed the concept of the wakefield accelerators for generating extremely high electric fields by laser-induced charge separation in plasma by John M. Dawson (a possible accelerator concept). Life From 1959, Meyer-ter-Vehn studied physics at the University of Münster and the Ludw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfvén Wave
In plasma physics, an Alfvén wave, named after Hannes Alfvén, is a type of plasma wave in which ions oscillate in response to a restoring force provided by an effective tension on the magnetic field lines. Definition An Alfvén wave is a low-frequency (compared to the ion gyrofrequency) travelling oscillation of the ions and magnetic field in a plasma. The ion mass density provides the inertia and the magnetic field line tension provides the restoring force. Alfvén waves propagate in the direction of the magnetic field, and the motion of the ions and the perturbation of the magnetic field are transverse to the direction of propagation. However, Alfvén waves existing at oblique incidences will smoothly change into magnetosonic waves when the propagation is perpendicular to the magnetic field. Alfvén waves are dispersionless. Alfvén velocity The low-frequency relative permittivity \varepsilon of a magnetized plasma is given by : \varepsilon = 1 + \frac where is the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Chen (physicist)
Liu Chen (; born 1946 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang) is an American theoretical physicist who has made original contributions to many aspects of plasma physics. He is known for the discoveries of kinetic Alfven waves, toroidal Alfven eigenmodes, and energetic particle modes; the theories of geomagnetic pulsations, Alfven wave heating, and fishbone oscillations, and the first formulation of nonlinear gyrokinetic equations. Chen retired from University of California, Irvine (UCI) in 2012, assuming the title professor emeritus of physics and astronomy. Biography Chen was born in 1946 in Hangzhou with ancestral roots in Yuyao. Chen's ancestral family name is Huang (黃), he is a descendant of Chengliang Huang (黃澄量), founder of the Five-Osmanthus Building ( 五桂樓) library, and the great scholar and thinker Zongxi Huang ( 黃宗羲). His great-grandfather, Chengyi Huang ( 黃承乙) was the mayor of Taiwan County, now Taichung City, during the Guangxu period of the Qing dynasty. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Planck Institute For Plasma Physics
The Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (german: Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, IPP) is a physics institute investigating the physical foundations of a fusion power plant. The IPP is an institute of the Max Planck Society, part of the European Atomic Energy Community, and an associated member of the Helmholtz Association. The IPP has two sites: Garching near Munich (founded 1960) and Greifswald (founded 1994), both in Germany. It owns several large devices, namely * the experimental tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (in operation since 1991) * the experimental stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (in operation since 2016) * a tandem accelerator * a high heat flux test facility (GLADIS) Furthermore it cooperates closely with the ITER, DEMO and JET projects. Scientific divisions * Tokamak Scenario Development * Plasma Edge and Wall * Stellarator Heating and Optimization * Stellarator Dynamics and Transport * Stellarator Edge and Divertor Physics * Wendelstein 7-X Operations * Stel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Wagner
Friedrich E. Wagner (born November 16, 1943, sometimes abbreviated as Fritz Wagner) is a German physicist and emeritus professor who specializes in plasma physics. He was known to have discovered the high-confinement mode (i.e. H-mode) of magnetic confinement in fusion plasmas while working at the ASDEX tokamak in 1982. For this discovery and his subsequent contributions to fusion research, was awarded the John Dawson Award in 1987, the Hannes Alfvén Prize in 2007 and the Stern–Gerlach Medal in 2009. Life and career Wagner was born in Pfaffenhofen an der Roth in Bavaria, Germany. He studied at the Technical University of Munich and completed his doctorate in 1972. He then worked at Ohio State University from 1973 to 1974. At first, he worked on low-temperature physics, but switched to plasma fusion research during the energy crisis of the time. In 1975, he started working for the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, and in 1986 he led the tokamak experiment ASDEX. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITER
ITER (initially the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, ''iter'' meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy by replicating, on Earth, the fusion processes of the Sun. Upon completion of construction of the main reactor and first plasma, planned for late 2025, it will be the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment and the largest experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor. It is being built next to the Cadarache facility in southern France. ITER will be the largest of more than 100 fusion reactors built since the 1950s, with ten times the plasma volume of any other tokamak operating today. The long-term goal of fusion research is to generate electricity. ITER's stated purpose is scientific research, and technological demonstration of a large fusion reactor, without electricity generation. ITER's goals are to achieve enough fusion to produce 10 ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
