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HMS Alert (1778)
Sixteen ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS ''Alert'' (or the variants ''Alerte'' and ''Alaart''), while another was planned: * , an 8-gun cutter in service from 1753 to 1754. * , a 10-gun cutter launched at Dover in 1777, converted to a sloop in the same year, and captured in the Channel by the ''Junon'' in 1778; foundered December 1779 off the coast of America.Roche (2005) French records show her serving as ''Alerte'', a cutter of fourteen 4-pounder guns and valued as a prize at Lt 32,289. * , a 10-gun cutter launched at Dover in 1778 and captured by the French frigate ''Diligente'' in September 1780 in the Bay of Biscay. The prize was valued at Lt52,405. In French service she was armed with six 8-pounder guns and twelve 18-pounder howitzers.Demerliac (1996), p.90, #600. recaptured her in North American waters on 7 December 1781, after a strong resistance. * , a 4-gun schooner purchased in 1790, wrecked in 1791, but possibly salved and broken up in 1799. * , a 16 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service. From the middle decades of the 17th century, and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy. From the mid 18th century, it was the world's most powerful navy until the Second World War. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire, and four Imperial fortress colonies and a string of imperial bases and coaling stations secured the Royal Navy's ability to assert naval superiority globally. Owing to this historical prominence, it is common, even among non-Britons, to ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cutter (ship)
A cutter is a type of watercraft. The term has several meanings. It can apply to the rig (or sailplan A sail plan is a description of the specific ways that a sailing craft is rigged. Also, the term "sail plan" is a graphic depiction of the arrangement of the sails for a given sailing craft.> In the English language, ships were usually describe ...) of a sailing vessel (but with regional differences in definition), to a governmental enforcement agency vessel (such as a coast guard or border force cutter), to a type of ship's boat which can be used under sail or oars, or, historically, to a type of fast-sailing vessel introduced in the 18th century, some of which were used as small warships. As a sailing rig, a cutter is a single-masted boat, with two or more headsails. On the eastern side of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, the two headsails on a single mast is the fullest extent of the modern definition. In U.S. waters, a greater level of complexity applies, with the placemen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Junon (1778)
The ''Junon'' was a 32-gun ''Charmante'' class frigate of the French Navy Career ''Junon'' took part in the Battle of Ushant under Admiral d'Orvilliers. She captured HMS ''Fox'' on 11 September 1778. On 17 August 1779, under captain Charles de Bernard de Marigny and along with ''Gentille'', she captured HMS ''Ardent''. On 13 September, under lieutenant Kergariou Locmaria, she captured . In October 1780, ''Junon'' sailed from Martinique to St. Vincent towing a schooner to deliver hospital supplies to the island, which had recently come under French control. ''Junon'' anchored beneath the cliffs in Kingstown Harbour and, due to a broken barometer, had no warning when the island was struck by a hurricane. The massive storm, known as the Great Hurricane of 1780, battered the frigate against the cliffs and caused her to sink on 11 October 1780, although her captain managed to lead the entire crew off the ship and up the cliffs in safety. Archaeological investigations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livre Tournois
The (; ; abbreviation: ₶.) was one of numerous currencies used in medieval France, and a unit of account (i.e., a monetary unit used in accounting) used in Early Modern France. The 1262 monetary reform established the as 20 , or 80.88 grams of fine silver. The was a gold coin of one minted in large numbers from 1360. In 1549, the was decreed a unit of account, and in 1667 it officially replaced the . In 1720, the was redefined as 0.31 grams of pure gold, and in 1726, in a devaluation under Louis XV, as 4.50516 grams of fine silver. It was the basis of the revolutionary French franc of 1795, defined as 4.5 grams of fine silver exactly. Circulating currency In France, the was worth 240 deniers (the "Tours penny"). The latter were initially minted by the abbey of Saint Martin in the Touraine region of France. Soon after Philip II of France seized the counties of Anjou and Touraine in 1203 and standardized the use of the there, the began to supersede the (Paris pou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Diligente (1761)
''Diligente'' was a 26-gun frigate of the French Navy. Originally built for the French East India Company, she was purchased by the Navy and took part in the War of American Independence. Career ''Diligente'' was built at Lorient as an East Indiaman for the French East India Company, and was completed in December 1756. She departed for her first journey on 31. On 26 March 1761, she arrived in Brest, returning from her second journey to India. The next month, the Navy purchased her and commissioned her as a frigate. In 1776, she was under Lieutenant Amblimont, part on the escadre d'évolution under Duchaffault. In September 1778, she took part in the Invasion of Dominica, along with the frigates ''Tourterelle'' and ''Amphitrite'', and the corvette French corvette Étourdie (1762). She later took part in the French invasion of Saint Martin on 29 February 1779 under Du Chilleau. In late September and October 1780 the French frigates (26 guns) and ''Diligente'', were e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schooner
A schooner () is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. A common variant, the topsail schooner also has a square topsail on the foremast, to which may be added a topgallant. Differing definitions leave uncertain whether the addition of a fore course would make such a vessel a brigantine. Many schooners are gaff-rigged, but other examples include Bermuda rig and the staysail schooner. The origins of schooner rigged vessels is obscure, but there is good evidence of them from the early 17th century in paintings by Dutch marine artists. The name "schooner" first appeared in eastern North America in the early 1700s. The name may be related to a Scots word meaning to skip over water, or to skip stones. The schooner rig was used in vessels with a wide range of purposes. On a fast hull, good ability to windward was useful for priv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Surprise (1796)
HMS ''Surprise'' was the name the Royal Navy gave to the French Navy's corvette ''Unité'' after ''Unité''s capture in 1796. ''Unité'' was launched on 16 February 1794. ''Surprise'' gained fame in 1799 for the recapture of . In 1802 ''Surprise'' was sold out of the service. Historical fiction author Patrick O'Brian set many of his Aubrey–Maturin series aboard HMS ''Surprise'', including the 2003 film. Construction Pierre-Alexandre Forfait designed ''Unité'', the name ship for a class of corvette. Although the French initially rated ''Unité'' as a corvette, the ships of her class bridged a gap between smaller warships and frigates, and at various times were rated as frigates. French service On 20 March 1794, lieutenant de vaisseau Jean le Drézénec, who was 41 years old and had entered the naval service soon after the revolution from a career in the merchant service, arrived to take command of ''Unité''. He supervised the fitting out of the ship, and found the lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Audierne
Audierne (; br, Gwaien) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016 the former commune of Esquibien merged into Audierne. 16 October 2015 The town lies on a at the mouth of the Goyen river and for centuries was a fishing village, with a wide sandy beach. Visitors can take a boat from Audierne's port of Esquibien to the . The harbour, formerly important to the local fishing industry, is now essentially a |
French Brig Alerte (1787)
The French brig ''Alerte'' was launched in April 1787. The Royal Navy captured her at Toulon in August 1793, and renamed her HMS ''Vigilante''. The British set her on fire when they evacuated Toulon in December of that year. After the French rebuilt her as ''Alerte'', she served at the Battle of Aboukir Bay. The British recaptured her in June 1799 and took her into service as HMS ''Minorca''. ''Minorca'' was sold in 1802. French brig ''Alerte'' (I) ''Alerte'' was built at Rochefort Dockyard and designed as an ''aviso'', under the designation ''Aviso No. 1''. Hubert Pennevert completed her as a ''bric'' of 10 guns. In 1790 she was under the command of ''Sous-lieutenant de vaisseau'' D'Aujard in the Levant. In November 1791, still under the command of D'Aujard, she was cruising off the coast of Syria. In 1793 she cruised along the Ligurian coast, escorted a convoy from Villefranche to Toulon, and sailed from Tunis to Marseilles. Between 4 April and 17 May she was under the com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collier (ship)
A collier is a bulk cargo ship designed or used to carry coal. Early evidence of coal being transported by sea includes use of coal in London in 1306. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, coal was shipped from the River Tyne to London and other destinations. Other ports also exported coal for instance the Old Quay in Whitehaven harbour was built in 1634 for the loading of coal. London became highly reliant on the delivery of coal by sea Samuel Pepys expressed concern in the winter of 166667 that war with the Dutch would prevent a fleet of 200 colliers getting through. In 1795, 4,395 cargoes of coal were delivered to London. By 1824, this number had risen to about 7,000; by 1839, it was over 9,000. The trade continued to the end of the twentieth century, with the last cargo of coal leaving the Port of Tyne in February, 2021. The earliest type of collier on which there is detailed information is the Whitby-built ''cat''. These were bluff-bowed, round-sterned, strongly-buil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HDMS Allart (1807)
HDMS ''Allart'', a brig launched at Copenhagen in June 1807, was amongst the ships taken by the British after the second Battle of Copenhagen. In British service, she was recaptured by Danish-Norwegian gunboats after venturing too close inshore. Her subsequent service was in the Dano-Norwegian Navy's Norwegian Brig Division, which harried enemy frigates and convoys in Norwegian waters. On the separation of Denmark from Norway in 1814, ''Allart'' transferred to the Norwegian navy, who sold her in 1825. Origin and capture ''Allart'' was one of a second series of four brigs that the Dano-Norwegian navy built to a design by Ernst Wilhelm Stibolt, and highly similar to that of the four brigs of the ''Lougen'' class. The British seized three of each class after the surrender of the Dano-Norwegian fleet. The British took ''Allart'' into service as ''Allart'', (or ''Alaart''). British service ''Allart'' arrived at Chatham on 15 December 1807. She then spent the next six months until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slave Ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves. Such ships were also known as "Guineamen" because the trade involved human trafficking to and from the Guinea coast in West Africa. Atlantic slave trade In the early 1600s, more than a century after the arrival of Europeans to the Americas, demand for unpaid labor to work plantations made slave-trading a profitable business. The Atlantic slave trade peaked in the last two decades of the 18th century, during and following the Kongo Civil War. To ensure profitability, the owners of the ships divided their hulls into holds with little headroom, so they could transport as many slaves as possible. Unhygienic conditions, dehydration, dysentery and scurvy led to a high mortality rate, on average 15% and up to a third of captives. Often the ships carried hundreds of slaves, who were chained tightly to plank beds. For example, the slave ship ''Henrietta Marie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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