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HHV-6
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the common collective name for ''human betaherpesvirus 6A'' (HHV-6A) and ''human betaherpesvirus 6B'' (HHV-6B). These closely related viruses are two of the nine known human herpesviruses, herpesviruses that have humans as their primary host. HHV-6A and HHV-6B are DNA virus#Double-stranded DNA viruses, double-stranded DNA viruses within the ''Betaherpesvirinae'' subfamily and of the genus ''Roseolovirus''. HHV-6A and HHV-6B infect almost all of the human populations that have been tested. HHV-6A has been described as more neurovirulent, and as such is more frequently found in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. HHV-6 (and HHV-7) levels in the brain are also elevated in people with Alzheimer's disease. HHV-6B primary infection is the cause of the common childhood illness exanthema subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease). It is passed on from child to child. It is uncommon for adults to contract this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exanthema Subitum
Roseola, also known as sixth disease, is an infectious disease caused by certain types of human herpes viruses. Most infections occur before the age of three. Symptoms vary from absent to the classic presentation of a fever of rapid onset followed by a rash. The fever generally lasts for three to five days, while the rash is generally pink and lasts for less than three days. Complications may include febrile seizures, with serious complications being rare. It is caused by ''human herpesvirus 6'' (HHV-6A, HHV-6B) or ''human herpesvirus 7'' (HHV-7). Spread is usually through the saliva of those who are otherwise healthy. However, it may also spread from the mother to baby during pregnancy. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and does not need to be confirmed with blood tests (PCR or antigen). Low numbers of white blood cells may also be present. Treatment includes sufficient fluids and medications to treat the fever. Nearly all people are infected at some point in time. Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roseola Infantum
Roseola, also known as sixth disease, is an infectious disease caused by certain types of human herpes viruses. Most infections occur before the age of three. Symptoms vary from absent to the classic presentation of a fever of rapid onset followed by a rash. The fever generally lasts for three to five days, while the rash is generally pink and lasts for less than three days. Complications may include febrile seizures, with serious complications being rare. It is caused by ''human herpesvirus 6'' (HHV-6A, HHV-6B) or ''human herpesvirus 7'' (HHV-7). Spread is usually through the saliva of those who are otherwise healthy. However, it may also spread from the mother to baby during pregnancy. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and does not need to be confirmed with blood tests (PCR or antigen). Low numbers of white blood cells may also be present. Treatment includes sufficient fluids and medications to treat the fever. Nearly all people are infected at some point in time. Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Betaherpesvirus 7
''Human betaherpesvirus 7'' (HHV-7) is one of nine known members of the ''Herpesviridae'' family that infects humans. HHV-7 is a member of ''Betaherpesvirinae'', a subfamily of the ''Herpesviridae'' that also includes HHV-6 and ''Cytomegalovirus'' (HHV-5 or HCMV). HHV-7 often acts together with HHV-6, and the viruses together are sometimes referred to by their genus, ''Roseolovirus''. HHV-7 was first isolated in 1990 from CD4+ T cells taken from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Signs and symptoms Both HHV-6B and HHV-7, as well as other viruses, can cause a skin condition in infants known as exanthema subitum, although HHV-7 causes the disease less frequently than HHV-6B. HHV-7 infection also leads to or is associated with a number of other symptoms, including acute febrile respiratory disease, fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, low lymphocyte counts, and febrile seizures, though most often no symptoms present at all. There are indications that HHV-7 can contribute to the developm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roseolovirus
''Roseolovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Betaherpesvirinae''. There are currently six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: HHV-6: sixth disease (roseola infantum, exanthema subitum); HHV-7: symptoms analog to the 'sixth disease'. Species The genus consists of the following six species: * ''Human betaherpesvirus 7'' * ''Human betaherpesvirus 6A'' * ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B'' * ''Macacine betaherpesvirus 9'' * ''Murid betaherpesvirus 3'' * ''Suid betaherpesvirus 2'' Structure Viruses in ''Roseolovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 200kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dharam Ablashi
Dharam V. Ablashi (born October 8, 1931) is an American biomedical researcher born in Lahore. He is best known for his co-discovery of Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), an immunosuppressive and neurotropic virus that can cause encephalitis and seizures during a primary infection or when reactivated from latency in immunosuppressed patients. Ablashi earned his Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine at Panjab University Veterinary College. He then received his Diploma in Bacteriology from the Indian Veterinary Research Institute before moving to the United States, where he earned his Master of Science degree in Pathology and Virology at the University of Rhode Island. HHV-6 Research In 1969, Ablashi became a researcher at the National Cancer Institute, NIH. In 1986, while working in Dr. Robert Gallo’s lab, Ablashi, S. Zaki Salahuddin and Gallo together discovered HHV-6; later found to cause Roseola, an infantile disease. He retired from NCI in 1992, but continued serving as an adjunct profess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaherpesvirinae
''Betaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'' and in the family ''Herpesviridae''. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 26 species in this subfamily, divided among 5 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5): congenital CMV infection; HHV-6: 'sixth disease' (also known as ''roseola infantum'' or ''exanthem subitum''); HHV-7: symptoms analogous to the 'sixth disease'. Genera ''Betaherpesvirinae'' consists of the following five genera: * ''Cytomegalovirus'' * ''Muromegalovirus'' * '' Proboscivirus'' * ''Quwivirus'' * ''Roseolovirus'' Structure Viruses in ''Betaherpesvirinae'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and Round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 140-240kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Betaherpesvirus 6B
''Human betaherpesvirus 6B'' (HHV-6B) is a species of virus in the genus ''Roseolovirus'', subfamily ''Betaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. Taxonomy In 1992 the two variants were recognised within Human herpesvirus 6 on the basis of differing restriction endonuclease cleavages, monoclonal antibody reactions, and growth patterns. In 2012 these two variants were officially recognised as distinct species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and named ''Human betaherpesvirus 6A'' and ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B''. Despite now being recognised as paraphyletic, the name Human herpesvirus 6 still sees usage in clinical contexts. Pathology ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B'' affects humans. Primary infection with this virus is the cause of the common childhood illness exanthema subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease). Additionally, reactivation is common in transplant recipients, which can cause several clinical mani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Herpesviruses
''Herpesviridae'' is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word ''ἕρπειν'' ( 'to creep'), referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster (shingles). In 1971, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) established ''Herpesvirus'' as a genus with 23 viruses among four groups. As of 2020, 115 species are recognized, all but one of which are in one of the three subfamilies. Herpesviruses can cause both latent and lytic infections. Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, at least five of which – herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as HHV-1 and HHV-2; both of which can cause orolabial herpes and genital herpes), varicella zoster virus (or HHV-3; the cause o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Betaherpesvirus 6B
''Human betaherpesvirus 6B'' (HHV-6B) is a species of virus in the genus ''Roseolovirus'', subfamily ''Betaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. Taxonomy In 1992 the two variants were recognised within Human herpesvirus 6 on the basis of differing restriction endonuclease cleavages, monoclonal antibody reactions, and growth patterns. In 2012 these two variants were officially recognised as distinct species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and named ''Human betaherpesvirus 6A'' and ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B''. Despite now being recognised as paraphyletic, the name Human herpesvirus 6 still sees usage in clinical contexts. Pathology ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B'' affects humans. Primary infection with this virus is the cause of the common childhood illness exanthema subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease). Additionally, reactivation is common in transplant recipients, which can cause several clinical mani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Betaherpesvirus 6A
''Human betaherpesvirus 6A'' (HHV-6A) is a species of virus in the genus ''Roseolovirus'', subfamily ''Betaherpesvirinae'', family ''Herpesviridae'', and order ''Herpesvirales''. Taxonomy In 1992 the two variants were recognised within Human herpesvirus 6 on the basis of differing restriction endonuclease cleavages, monoclonal antibody reactions, and growth patterns. In 2012 these two variants were officially recognised as distinct species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and named ''Human betaherpesvirus 6A'' and ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B''. Despite now being recognised as paraphyly, paraphyletic, the name Human herpesvirus 6 still sees usage in clinical contexts. Pathology ''Human betaherpesvirus 6A'' affects humans and includes several adult-derived strains. Its disease spectrum is not well defined, although it is thought by some to be more neurovirulent than ''Human betaherpesvirus 6B''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q24808739 Betaherpesv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Gallo
Robert Charles Gallo (; born March 23, 1937) is an American biomedical researcher. He is best known for his role in establishing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the infectious agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in the development of the HIV blood test, and he has been a major contributor to subsequent HIV research. Gallo is the director and co-founder of the Institute of Human Virology (IHV) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, established in 1996 in a partnership including the State of Maryland and the City of Baltimore. In November 2011, Gallo was named the first Homer & Martha Gudelsky Distinguished Professor in Medicine. Gallo is also a co-founder of biotechnology company Profectus BioSciences, Inc. and co-founder and scientific director of the Global Virus Network (GVN). Gallo was the most cited scientist in the world from 1980 to 1990, according to the Institute for Scientific Information, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurovirulent
A neurotropic virus is a virus that is capable of infecting nerve tissue. Terminology A neurotropic virus is said to be neuroinvasive if it is capable of accessing or entering the nervous system and neurovirulent if it is capable of causing disease within the nervous system. Both terms are often applied to central nervous system infections, although some neurotropic viruses are highly neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system (e.g. herpes simplex virus). Important neuroinvasive viruses include poliovirus, which is highly neurovirulent but weakly neuroinvasive, and rabies virus, which is highly neurovirulent but requires tissue trauma (often resulting from an animal bite) to become neuroinvasive. Using these definitions, herpes simplex virus is highly neuroinvasive for the peripheral nervous system and rarely neuroinvasive for the central nervous system, but in the latter case may cause herpesviral encephalitis and is therefore considered highly neurovirulent. Many arthrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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