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Gymnopilus Maritimus
''Gymnopilus maritimus'' is a fungus species of the family Hymenogastraceae first collected in northern Sardinia, Italy, in 2006. The species produces moderately sized, sturdy mushrooms of a reddish-orange colour. The cap, which can measure up to across, is covered in orange fibrils, and sometimes has small scales. The yellowish stem measures up to in length by in width, and sometimes shows remnants of the partial veil. The mushrooms have thick gills of a variable colour, ranging from yellow to rust but staining darker, and the yellow flesh has a mild taste. The mushrooms leave a rusty-brown spore print, while the spores themselves measure from in length. The species is most similar in appearance to '' G. arenophilus'' and '' G. fulgens'', but can be differentiated from both morphologically. Despite the similarities, it is not closely related to either, suggesting convergent evolution. Instead, within the genus '' Gymnopilus'', it is most closely related t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laura Guzmán Dávalos
Laura Guzmán Dávalos (born 1961) is a Mexican mycologist, biologist and lichenologist. She has been the head of the Botany and Zoology Department at the University of Guadalajara (UdeG) from 1994–1998. From 2007 to 2014, she served as the general coordinator of the UdeG doctoral program in ecology, biosystematics, and natural and agricultural resources management. Early life and education Guzmán-Dávalos was born in Mexico City in 1961, and is the daughter of the well-known mycologist and ethnomycologist, Gaston Guzmán (1932–2016) who devoted his life and research to mushrooms of the genus ''Psilocybe'', and the medicinal and divinatory uses of mushrooms by various Indigenous peoples of Mexico. Guzmán-Dávalos received a degree in biology from the National School of Biological Sciences at the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) in 1984, and her masters degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico in 1994. She received her doctorate degree in 2004 from the sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas '' homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnopilus Spectabilis
''Gymnopilus junonius'' is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Commonly known as the spectacular rustgill, this large orange mushroom is typically found growing on tree stumps, logs, or tree bases. Some subspecies of this mushroom contain the neurotoxic oligoisoprenoid gymnopilin. Description The cap ranges from across, is convex to flat, and is bright yellow-orange in younger specimens and orange-brown or reddish brown in older ones, with a dry scaly surface. The flesh is yellow, the odor mild and taste bitter. The stem is long, 1–5 cm thick, and often narrows near the base. The frail ring is dusted with rusty orange spores, and the gill attachment to the stem is adnate to sub-decurrent. It stains red with KOH and turns green when cooked. The spore print is rusty orange. Unlike psychoactive relatives in the '' Psilocybe'' genus, ''G. junonius'' lacks psilocybin and does not stain blue, but smaller specimens occasionally exhibit br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnopilus Imperialis
''Gymnopilus imperialis'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was given its current name by mycologist Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a Germany, German-born mycologist and one of the most important Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century. After receiving his Ph.D. at the University ... in 1951. Description The cap is in diameter. Habitat and distribution ''Gymnopilus imperialis'' fruitbodies are cespitose (clumped together at the stem), and are found on trunks or at the bases of living or dead frondose trees, especially '' Eucalyptus'' species. This species has been observed fruiting in April, October, and December; it is known from Jamaica and Brazil. See also List of ''Gymnopilus'' species References External links *Gymnopilus imperialis' at Index Fungorum imperialis Fungi of North America {{hymenogastraceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnopilus Flavus
''Gymnopilus flavus'' is a species of mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It was given its current name by mycologist Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a Germany, German-born mycologist and one of the most important Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century. After receiving his Ph.D. at the University ... in 1951. See also List of ''Gymnopilus'' species References External links *Gymnopilus flavus' at Index Fungorum flavus {{hymenogastraceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnopilus Validipes
''Gymnopilus validipes'' is a mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. It is widely distributed in North America and Europe. Description * Pileus: 7.5 — 15 cm, convex to broadly convex, margin deeply incurved at first, becoming revolute with age, dry, fibrillose or with small ochraceous brown scales, pale-yellow or ochraceous buff, flesh soft, whitish, yellowish near the gills. *Gills: Adnate to uncinate, close, thin, yellowish white becoming cinnamon. *Spore print: Orangish brown. * Stipe: 10 — 13 cm long, 2.5 – 5 cm. thick, equal or swelling in the middle, fleshy-fibrous, solid, elastic, fibrillose, concolorous, white within, the cortina leaves only a faint ring on the stalk. The specific epithet ''validipes'' means "having a robust stalk". *Taste: Mild, standing in contrast to closely related bitter-tasting species. *Odor: Pleasant. *Microscopic features: Spores 8 — 10 X 5 — 6 μm, ellipsoid. ''Gymnopilus validipes'' contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnopilus Underwoodii
''Gymnopilus underwoodii'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hymenogastraceae. Originally described in 1896 by Charles Peck as '' Flammula underwoodii'', the fungus was given its current name by William Murrill in 1917. The specific epithet honors American mycologist Lucien Underwood Lucien Marcus Underwood (October 26, 1853 – November 16, 1907) was an American botanist and mycologist of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Early life and career He was born in New Woodstock, New York. He enrolled at Syracuse University in 18 .... Description The cap is in diameter. Habitat and distribution ''Gymnopilus underwoodii'' has been found on pine logs and trunks. It is found in the US, from Virginia to Alabama and in Florida, fruiting from November to December. See also * List of ''Gymnopilus'' species References underwoodii Fungi described in 1917 Fungi of North America Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck Fungus species {{hymenogastraceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives. A substrate can include biotic or abiotic materials and animals. For example, encrusting algae that lives on a rock (its substrate) can be itself a substrate for an animal that lives on top of the algae. Inert substrates are used as growing support materials in the hydroponic cultivation of plants. In biology substrates are often activated by the nanoscopic process of substrate presentation. In agriculture and horticulture * Cellulose substrate * Expanded clay aggregate (LECA) * Rock wool * Potting soil * Soil In animal biotechnology Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture Requirements for animal cell and tissue culture are the same as described for plant cell, tissue and organ culture (In Vitro Culture Techniques: The Biotechnological Principles). Desirable requirements are (i) air conditioning of a room, (ii) hot room with temperature recorder, (iii) microscope r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saprotrophic Nutrition
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (for example ''Mucor'') and soil bacteria. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi are sometimes called saprobes; saprotrophic plants or bacterial flora are called saprophytes ( sapro- 'rotten material' + -phyte 'plant'), although it is now believed that all plants previously thought to be saprotrophic are in fact parasites of microscopic fungi or other plants. The process is most often facilitated through the active transport of such materials through endocytosis within the internal mycelium and its constituent hyphae. states the purpose of saprotrophs and their internal nutrition, as well as the main two types of fungi that are most often referred to, as well as describes, visually, the process of saprotrophic nutrition through a diagram of hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juncus Maritimus
''Juncus maritimus'', known as the sea rush, is a species of rush Rush(es) may refer to: Places United States * Rush, Colorado * Rush, Kentucky * Rush, New York * Rush City, Minnesota * Rush Creek (Kishwaukee River tributary), Illinois * Rush Creek (Marin County, California), a stream * Rush Creek (Mono Cou ... that grows on coastlines. It is sometimes considered conspecific with '' Juncus kraussii''. It has a wide distribution across the western Palearctic realm (all of Europe, western Asia and the Maghreb). According to Edward Catich the ancient Egyptians used ''Juncus maritimus'' as a brush for writing. He describes the process of making one: “the end of which he rushwas cut at a slant and its fibers split by chewing to produce a small chisel-shaped ‘brush‘.”. References External links maritimus Plants described in 1789 Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Flora of Europe Flora of Sweden {{Poales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olbia
Olbia (, ; sc, Terranoa; sdn, Tarranoa) is a city and commune of 60,346 inhabitants (May 2018) in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northeastern Sardinia, Italy, in the historical region of Gallura. Called ''Olbia'' in the Roman age, Civita in the Middle Ages (Judicates period) and ''Terranova Pausania'' before the 1940s, Olbia was again the official name of the city during the fascist period. Geography It is the economic centre of this part of the island (commercial centres, food industry) and is very close to the Costa Smeralda tourist area. It was one of the administrative capitals of the province of Olbia-Tempio, operative since 2005 and canceled after a referendum seven years later. Olbia is a tourist destination thanks to its sea and beaches and also for the large number of places of cultural interest to visit. Climate Olbia has a Mediterranean climate (''Csa''), with mild winters, warm springs and autumns and hot summers. History Although the name is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
