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Gwiazdka Cieszyńska
''Gwiazdka Cieszyńska'' ("Cieszyn Star") was a weekly Polish magazine published in Cieszyn (Teschen), Silesia in 1851-1939. After 1906 it appeared biweekly. It succeeded '' Tygodnik Cieszyński'' magazine which appeared in 1848-1851. The magazine accented the Polishness of Silesia and aimed to enlighten and emancipate the people of Cieszyn Silesia, spread national consciousness among Poles and present Polish history and traditions. It however disavowed from the radical social slogans. During the absolutist Bach system of the 1850s-1860s of the Austrian Empire it was the only Polish magazine in Cieszyn Silesia. In the 1860s it had about 1,400 subscribers, 300 of whom lived in Silesia, 600 in Galicia. From the 1880s ''Gwiazdka Cieszyńska'' presented almost exclusively Catholic views, that were related to the spiritual evolution of editor Paweł Stalmach, who on his deathbed converted to Catholicism. From 1888 it was financed by the ''Katolickie Towarzystwo Prasowe'' (Catholic P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Joseph
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. In the early part of his reign, his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866, Franz Joseph was also President of the German Confederation. In December 1848, Franz Joseph's uncle Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary. Franz Joseph then acceded to the throne. Largely considered to be a reactionary, he spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains. The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Sarkander
Jan Sarkander (Czech and Polish: ''Jan Sarkander'') (20 December 1576 – 17 March 1620) was a Polish-Czech Roman Catholic priest. Sarkander was married for a short period of time before he became widowed and pursued a path to the priesthood where he became active in defence of the faith during a period of anti-Catholic sentiment and conflict. He himself was arrested on false accusations as a means of silencing him and he refused to give in to his tormenters who tortured him for around a month before he died. Pope Pius IX beatified Sarkander at Saint Peter's Basilica in 1860 and Pope John Paul II canonized him as a saint in 1995 on his visit to the Czech Republic. Life Jan Sarkander was born on 20 December 1576 in Skoczów, Bohemia (now in Poland) into a Silesian household as the son of Georg Mathias Sarkander and Helene Górecka. He had one sister and three other brothers: Nicholas (a priest himself), Paul, and Wenceslas. His father died in 1589 and so his family moved to Příbor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
