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Gustav Eberhard
Gustav E. Eberhard (10 August 1867 – 3 January 1940) German astrophysicist. Eberhard published numerous investigations on spectroscopy and on photographic Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed i ... photogrametry. The photographic '' Eberhard effect'' (belonging to the edge effects family) is named after him and was published in 1926.Die Grundlagen der photographischen Prozesse mit Silberhalogeniden, Dr. Rudolf Meyer, Akademischer Verlagsgesellschaft Frankfurt am Main 1968 Band 2, page 972 References 1867 births 1940 deaths German astrophysicists {{Germany-physicist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germans
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Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) is a German research institute. It is the successor of the Berlin Observatory founded in 1700 and of the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam (AOP) founded in 1874. The latter was the world's first observatory to emphasize explicitly the research area of astrophysics. The AIP was founded in 1992, in a re-structuring following the German reunification. The AIP is privately funded and member of the Leibniz Association. It is located in Babelsberg in the state of Brandenburg, just west of Berlin, though the Einstein Tower solar observatory and the great refractor telescopeGreat Refractor telescope at Telegrafenberg on Telegrafenberg i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. Matter waves and acoustic waves can also be considered forms of radiative energy, and recently gravitational waves have been associated with a spectral signature in the context of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) In simpler terms, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Historically, spectroscopy originated as the study of the wavelength dependence of the absorption by gas phase matter of visible light dispersed by a prism. Spectroscopy, primarily in the electromagnetic spectrum, is a fundamental exploratory tool in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, materials science, and physics, allowing the composition, physical structure and e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic
Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is employed in many fields of science, manufacturing (e.g., photolithography), and business, as well as its more direct uses for art, film and video production, recreational purposes, hobby, and mass communication. Typically, a lens is used to focus the light reflected or emitted from objects into a real image on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a timed exposure. With an electronic image sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel, which is electronically processed and stored in a digital image file for subsequent display or processing. The result with photographic emulsion is an invisible latent image, which is later chemically "developed" into a visible image, either negative or positive, depending on the purpose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photogram
A photogram is a photographic image made without a camera by placing objects directly onto the surface of a light-sensitive material such as photographic paper and then exposing it to light. The usual result is a negative shadow image that shows variations in tone that depends upon the transparency of the objects used. Areas of the paper that have received no light appear white; those exposed for a shorter time or through transparent or semi-transparent objects appear grey, while fully exposed areas are black in the final print. The technique is sometimes called cameraless photography. It was used by Man Ray in his exploration of rayographs. Other artists who have experimented with the technique include László Moholy-Nagy, Christian Schad (who called them "Schadographs"), Imogen Cunningham and Pablo Picasso. Variations of the technique have also been used for scientific purposes, in shadowgraph studies of flow in transparent media and in high-speed Schlieren photogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eberhard Effect
In photographic science, the Eberhard effect, named after Gustav Eberhard, is a special case of two Mackie lines when narrow areas of high and low densities (usually lines approaching within 1 mm. thickness) cause the two Mackie lines to meet which results in an increased density of this small area. Eberhard published his findings in 1912 or in 1926, 1931. The Eberhard effect belongs to the family of photographic edge effects.D A Spencer, The Focal Dictionary of Photographic Technologies, page 186 The effect is a neighbor effect when a dark area is situated next to a light area. Thus the developer oxidation products (mainly bromide ions) which are abundant in dark areas slow down the developing process, causing light lines in the area next to the dark area. Similar, the light area (in which there is less development) will cause increased development in the dark areas because there is an abundance of fresh developer. Therefore, the border between light and dark areas will show an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
