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Gunawan Steel Group
The Gunawan Steel Group was an Indonesian steel group founded 1989, which owned several Steel works in Southeast Asia. The group's companies were taken over by the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency, Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (''Badan Penyehatan perbankan Nasional'', BPPN) in 1998 following financial problems as a result of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. As of 2012 the subsidiary ''Gunawan Dianjaya Steel'' remains in business, the plate mill of ''Gunawan Iron and Steel'' was acquired by Lion Group and operates as ''Lion Plant Mill Sdn Bhd'', History and description The group consisted of three steel industry companies; Gunawan Dian Steel Pipe (GDSP) based in Surabaya, Indonesia; Gunawan Iron and Steel (GIS) based in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia and Gunawan Dianjaya Steel (GDS) (Surabaya, Indonesia). GDSP produced electric resistance welding, electric resistance welded steel pipe and had a capacity of 300,000 tonnes per year (2008 figure). GDS had a production capacity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency
The establishment of the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) ( id, Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional, BPPN), "National Banking Revitalization Agency") in early 1998 was one of a series of steps taken by the Indonesian government, in agreement with the International Monetary Fund on 15 January 1998, in response to the banking and economic crisis which emerged following the onset of the Asian monetary crisis in mid-1997. Among other things, the drastic depreciation of the rupiah (Rp) reduced bank liquidity, and loss of public confidence in the rupiah and the banking system in general. In establishing IBRA, the Indonesian authorities were effectively establishing a "bad bank" financial vehicle to allow the segregation of bad debts away from established banks with the aim of promoting the overall recovery of Indonesia's financial system. As a measure to cope with the scarcity of liquidity in the nation's banking system, in late 1997 and early 1998 the central bank (Ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1997 Asian Financial Crisis
The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia and Southeast Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion. However, the recovery in 1998–1999 was rapid and worries of a meltdown subsided. The crisis started in Thailand (known in Thailand as the ''Tom Yam Kung crisis''; th, วิกฤตต้มยำกุ้ง) on 2 July, with the financial collapse of the Thai baht after the Thai government was forced to float the baht due to lack of foreign currency to support its currency peg to the U.S. dollar. Capital flight ensued almost immediately, beginning an international chain reaction. At the time, Thailand had acquired a burden of foreign debt. As the crisis spread, most of Southeast Asia and later South Korea and Japan saw slumping currencies, devalued stock markets and other asset prices, and a precipitous rise in private debt. South Korea, Indonesia and Thailand were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lion Group
Lion Group Malaysia is headed by chairman and chief executive officer William Cheng. Cheng's grandfather founded Lion as a small trading company in Singapore after leaving China in the 1920s. It became Malaysia's biggest steel manufacturer after winning a license from the government in 1978. One of the group's biggest investments is Suzuki Assemblers Malaysia Sdn Bhd which manufactures Suzuki motorcycles for the Malaysian market. Between 1997 and 1999 they were also involved in a joint venture with the Nanjing Group, producing the SEAT Ibiza-based Nanjing Yuejin Soyat for the Chinese market. Lion Group's key assets in Malaysia are two steel mills with a capacity of 3 million tons a year, a forest concession in Sabah that is four times the size of Singapore, and the Silverstone tyre making business. Lion also has 26 Parkson department stores in Malaysia, 13 stores in China, and nine breweries in China. The group has offices in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern border of Java island, on the Madura Strait, it is one of the earliest port cities in Southeast Asia. According to the Government of Indonesia, National Development Planning Agency, Surabaya is one of the Regions of Indonesia#Development regions, four main central cities of Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Medan, and Makassar. The city has a population of 2.87 million within its city limits at the 2020 census and 9.5 million in the extended Surabaya metropolitan area, making it the List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia, second-largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. The city was settled in the 10th century by the Janggala, Kingdom of Janggala, one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed in 1045 when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuala Terengganu
, image_seal = Seal of Kuala Terengganu City Council.png , image_flag = Flag of Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu.svg , image_skyline = , image_caption = From top, left to right:The Crystal Mosque, Chinatown, Kuala Terengganu, Chinatown, city view from Duyong Island, the Abidin Mosque, and the Istana Maziah, Maziah Palace , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Kuala Terengganu in Terengganu , pushpin_map = Malaysia Terengganu#Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia , pushpin_mapsize = 275px , pushpin_map_caption = Kuala Terengganu in Terengganu , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = States and federal territories of Malaysia, State , subdivision_name1 = , subdivision_type2 = Districts of Malaysia, District , subdivision_name2 = Kuala Terengganu DistrictKuala Neru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Resistance Welding
Electric resistance welding (ERW) is a welding process where metal parts in contact are permanently joined by heating them with an electric current, melting the metal at the joint. Electric resistance welding is widely used, for example, in manufacture of steel pipe and in assembly of bodies for automobiles. The electric current can be supplied to electrodes that also apply clamping pressure, or may be induced by an external magnetic field. The electric resistance welding process can be further classified by the geometry of the weld and the method of applying pressure to the joint: spot welding, seam welding, flash welding, projection welding, for example. Some factors influencing heat or welding temperatures are the proportions of the workpieces, the metal coating or the lack of coating, the electrode materials, electrode geometry, electrode pressing force, electrical current and length of welding time. Small pools of molten metal are formed at the point of most electrical resista ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ravenscraig Steelworks
The Ravenscraig steelworks, operated by Colvilles and from 1967 by British Steel Corporation, consisted of an integrated iron and steel works and a hot strip steel mill. They were located in Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Motherwell was noted as the steel production capital of Scotland, nicknamed Steelopolis. Its skyline was dominated by the gas holder and three cooling towers of the Ravenscraig steel plant which closed in 1992. The Ravenscraig plant had one of the longest continuous casting, hot rolling, steel production facilities in the world before it was decommissioned. Construction of the integrated iron and steel works started in 1954. The steel mill, which was built shortly after, was one of four in the United Kingdom. In 1992, when it closed down, it was the largest hot strip steel mill in Western Europe. The former steelworks and strip mill have now been cleared, and the site is in the process of becoming the new town of Ravenscraig. History Strip mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koninklijke Hoogovens
Koninklijke Hoogovens known as Koninklijke Nederlandse Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken (KNHS) until 1996 or informally Hoogovens. was a Dutch steel producer founded in 1918. Since 2010, the plant is named Tata Steel IJmuiden. The IJmuiden steelworks based in IJmuiden, the Netherlands was built between 1920 and 1940, first producing iron, later steel, with hot and cold rolling producing flat products. In the 1960s the company diversified into aluminium production. The company briefly merged its IJmuiden steel plant with German steel company Hoesch from 1972 forming the joint venture Estel but separated in 1982. In 1999, the company merged with the larger British Steel plc to create the Corus Group steel company. The aluminium production assets were sold off during the Corus period. In 2007, Corus Group was purchased by India-based Tata Steel and was renamed Tata Steel Europe in 2010. In 2021, the company was split into a British and a Dutch branch, these fall directly under the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LD-converter
Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOP, BOF, or OSM), also known as Linz-Donawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter processBrock and Elzinga, p. 50. is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel. The process is known as ''basic'' because fluxes of burnt lime or dolomite, which are chemical '' bases'', are added to promote the removal of impurities and protect the lining of the converter. The process was invented in 1948 by Swiss engineer Robert Durrer and commercialized in 1952–1953 by the Austrian steelmaking company VOEST and ÖAMG. The LD converter, named after the Austrian towns Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben) is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen. It reduced capital cost of the plants and smelting time, and increased labor productivity. Between 192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voestalpine AG
Voestalpine AG – stylized as voestalpine – is an Austrian steel-based technology and capital goods group based in Linz, Austria. The company is active in steel, automotive, railway systems, profilform and tool steel industries. As of 2017, it is one of the few profitable steel companies in Europe. 45 percent of its workforce is based in Austria. The Linz hot strip mill is a "fully integrated steel works" operated by voestalpine Stahl GmbH, a part of the steel division of voestalpine AG. In addition to Linz the most important plants are in Leoben in Styria and in Krems in Lower Austria. It had a large plant at Liezen in Styria which closed in the 1990s. Voestalpine is responsible for 10% of all Austrian CO2 emissions, which makes it the biggest emitter in the country. The name of the company amalgamates its two principal components, the VÖEST (Vereinigte Österreichische Eisen und Stahlwerke) in Upper Austria, established through nationalization in July 1946,Tweraser, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Rupiah
The rupiah (Currency symbol, symbol: Rp; ISO 4217, currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia. It is issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. The name "Rupee, rupiah" is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, (). Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word ("silver" in Indonesian language, Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100 ''cent (currency), sen'', although high inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in obsolete. Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists Indonesian National Revolution, fighting for independence, the currency replaced Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies, a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden, which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bina Kreasi Primaniagatama
Biphenylindanone A (BINA, LS-193,571) is a research agent which acts as a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR2. In animal studies it showed anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects, and blocked the effects produced by the hallucinogenic drug DOB. BINA and other selective mGluR2 positive modulators have therefore been suggested as a novel class of drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia which may have superior properties to traditional antipsychotic drugs. BINA decreases cocaine self-administration in rats, with no effect on food self-administration, and is in regard to this discrimination superior to the mGluR2/3 agonist LY-379,268 LY-379,268 is a drug that is used in neuroscience research, which acts as a potent and selective agonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors ( mGluR2/3). It is derived from the older mGluR group II agonist eglumegad, and led on to t .... References Anxi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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