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Guinea-Bissau Peso
The peso was the currency of Guinea-Bissau from 1975 to 1997 and was divided into 100 centavos. It replaced the escudo at par. In 1997, in an effort to stop high inflation, Guinea-Bissau adopted the CFA franc, using a conversion rate of 65 pesos to the franc. History The peso replaced the escudo in 1975. It was originally equivalent to the Portuguese escudo. Historical exchange rates *1975–1976: fixed exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo at parity. *1976–1977: fixed exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo (0.85 GWP = 1.00 PTE) *1977–1978: fixed exchange rate with the Portuguese escudo (0.74 GWP = 1.00 PTE) *26 May 1978–22 December 1983: fixed exchange rate with the special drawing rights at a rate of 44 pesos per SDR. *23 December 1983: Peso devalued to 88 per SDR. *4 May 1987: Peso devalued to 650 per USD. On December 1996, continued rapid inflation had eroded the value of the peso so that the exchange rate had become 225 pesos per Portuguese escudo. Coins Coins wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ), is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 1,726,000. It borders Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south-east. Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Kaabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonised as Portuguese Guinea. Portuguese control was restricted and weak until the early 20th century with the pacification campaigns, these campaigns solidified Portuguese sovereignty in the area. The final Portuguese victory over the remaining bastion of mainland resistance, the Papel ruled Kingdom of Bissau in 1915 by the Portu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Mendes
Francisco Mendes, ''nom de guerre'' Chico Té (February 7, 1939 – July 7, 1978), was a Guinea-Bissau, Bissau-Guinean politician. He was the country's first List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau, Prime Minister and held that position from September 24, 1973, until his fatal car accident under suspicious circumstances on July 7, 1978. Early career Mendes was born in Enxude, Guinea-Bissau. In the early 1960s, the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) launched an armed struggle against Portuguese Empire, Portuguese imperialism which would last more than a decade. Mendes was one of the few Guinea-Bissau students in secondary education when he abandoned school to join the PAIGC. He rose through the ranks in the 1960s, becoming a political commissar of the Bafatá area in 1962. In the years 1963–1964 he held the same function on the Northern Front. He entered the Politburo, Political Bureau in 1964 and he became a member of PAIGC's Council of War in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Obsolete Currencies
Modern may refer to: History * Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Philosophy and sociology * Modernity, a loosely defined concept delineating a number of societal, economic and ideological features that contrast with "pre-modern" times or societies ** Late modernity Art * Modernism ** Modernist poetry * Modern art, a form of art * Modern dance, a dance form developed in the early 20th century * Modern architecture, a broad movement and period in architectural history * Modern music (other) Geography *Modra, a Slovak city, referred to in the German language as "Modern" Typography * Modern (typeface), a raster font packaged with Windows XP * Another name for the typeface classification known as Didone (typography) * Modern, a generic font family name for fixed-pitch serif and sans serif fonts (f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of Africa
A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, the British Pound Sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$)) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance - i.e. legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies. Other definitions of the term "curre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currency Union
A currency union (also known as monetary union) is an intergovernmental agreement that involves two or more State (polity), states sharing the same currency. These states may not necessarily have any Economic integration#Stages, further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). There are three types of currency unions: * ''Informal'' – unilateral adoption of a foreign currency. * ''Formal'' – adoption of foreign currency by virtue of bilateral or multilateral agreement with the monetary authority, sometimes supplemented by issue of local currency in currency peg regime. * ''Formal with common policy'' – establishment by multiple countries of a common monetary policy and monetary authority for their common currency. The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Advantag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Symes
Peter J. Symes (born 1957) is an Australian researcher into paper money. He is the author of many articles published in the ''International Bank Note Society Journal'' and of several books. From mid 2004 to mid 2006 and from mid 2008 to mid 2012 he was the president of the International Bank Note Society Notaphily is the study and collection of paper currency, and banknotes. A notaphilist is a collector of banknotes or paper money, particularly as a hobby. History It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has .... (IBNS). From mid 2006 to mid 2008 and from mid 2012 to mid 2016 he was the immediate past president of the IBNS, which role mainly involves advising the current president. Books *1998: ''The Bank Notes of Katanga''. 85 pp.; illus. (b & w) Canberra: published by the author *1997: ''The Bank Notes of Yemen''. 180 pp.; illus. (b & w) Canberra: published by the authors (with Murray Hanewich & Keith Street). *1999: ''Kirkwood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of Guinea-Bissau
The economy of Guinea-Bissau comprises a mixture of state-owned and private companies. Guinea-Bissau is among the world's least developed nations and one of the 10 poorest countries in the world, and depends mainly on agriculture and fishing. Cashew crops have increased remarkably in recent years, and the country ranked ninth in cashew production for the year of 2019. Guinea-Bissau exports to Asia non-fillet frozen fish and seafood, peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. License fees for fishing in their sea-zone (Gulf of Guinea) provide the government with some small revenue. Rice is the major crop and staple food. Due to European regulations, fish and cashew-nuts exports to Europe are totally prohibited as well as agriculture products in general. Economic history Early colonialism From a European viewpoint, the economic history of the Guinea Coast is largely associated with slavery. Indeed, one of the alternative names for the region was the Slave Coast. When the Portuguese fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amílcar Cabral
Amílcar Lopes da Costa Cabral (; – ) was a Bissau-Guinean and Cape Verdean agricultural engineer, pan-Africanist, intellectual, poet, theoretician, revolutionary, political organizer, nationalist and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost anti-colonial leaders. Also known by the '' nom de guerre'' Abel Djassi, Cabral led the nationalist movement of Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. He was assassinated on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by Marxism, becoming an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide. Early years Cabral was born on 12 September 1924. He was born in the town of Bafatá, Portuguese Guinea (located in modern-day Guinea-Bissau) to Cape Verdean parents, Juvenal António Lopes da Costa Cabral and Iva Pinhel Évora, both hailing from Santiago. His father came from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domingos Ramos
Domingos is the name of: People Surnamed * Afonso Domingos * André Domingos * Antonio Domingos * Bárbara Domingos * Camilo Domingos * Ederson Bruno Domingos * Garcia Domingos * Guilherme Afif Domingos * Jônatas Domingos * Laila Domingos * Pedro Domingos * Raul Domingos * Wagner Domingos Given named * Domingos Caldas Barbosa * Domingos Chivavele * Domingos Chohachi Nakamura * Domingos Correia Arouca * Domingos Culolo * Domingos Duarte * Domingos Duarte Lima * Domingos Dutra * Domingos Fernandes Calabar * Domingos Gomes * Domingos Gonçalves * Domingos da Guia * Domingos Lam * Domingos Leite Pereira * Domingos Lopes * Domingos Mendes * Domingos Mourão * Domingos Manuel Njinga * Domingos Paciência * Domingos Puglisi * Domingos Quina * Domingos Ramos Freitas * * Domingos Simões Pereira * Domingos de Sousa * Domingos Jorge Velho * Domingos Gabriel Wisniewski See also * São Domingos (other) * * * Domingo (name) *Domingo (other) Domingo may refer to: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centavos
The centavo ( Spanish and Portuguese 'one hundredth') is a fractional monetary unit that represents one hundredth of a basic monetary unit in many countries around the world. The term comes from Latin ''centum'', ('one hundred'), with the added suffix ''-avo'' ('portion'). Circulating Places that currently use the centavo include: * Argentine peso *Bolivian boliviano *Brazilian real *Cape Verdean escudo * Colombian peso * Cuban peso *Dominican peso *East Timor centavo coins *Ecuadorian centavo coins * Guatemalan quetzal * Honduran lempira *Mexican peso * Mozambican metical *Nicaraguan córdoba *Philippine peso (''In English usage; ''séntimo'' or céntimo is used in Tagalog and Spanish respectively.'') File:50 Centavos (Philippines).jpg, 50 Philippine centavos (1964) of the ''English series''. File:10 Philippine centavos (2).jpg, 10 Philippine centavos (1945), from the Commonwealth period. File:1-centavo-real-2003.png, 1 Brazilian centavo (2003), no longer produced. File:200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pansa Na Isna
The Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PANSA) started its duty in 2007 as an independent unit, after isolating from "Polish Airports". It is running as a state agency which deals with air traffic management (ATM). PANSA's main obligations and objects are: * Airspace Management (ASM) * Air Traffic Flow Management (AFTM) * to provide Air Traffic Services (ATS) The main object for the Agency is to provide the safety for air traffic in FIR Warsaw. While being in the air an aircraft is under constant surveillance of Air Traffic Controllers ( ATCO). Their duty is to provide safe distance (separation) between the aircraft and in case of happening the dangerous situations - to give pilots the appropriate help. The Agency's control activity is based on three levels: * Area (En-route) Control * Approach (Terminal) Control * Tower (Airport) Control Additionally the Agency provides also Flight Information Service ( FIS) in uncontrolled airspace. It coordinates as well with Search and R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Drawing Rights
Special drawing rights (SDRs, code ) are supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets defined and maintained by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). SDRs are units of account for the IMF, and not a currency ''per se''. They represent a claim to currency held by IMF member countries for which they may be exchanged. SDRs were created in 1969 to supplement a shortfall of preferred foreign exchange reserve assets, namely gold and U.S. dollars. The ISO 4217 currency code for special drawing rights is and the numeric code is ''960''. SDRs are allocated by the IMF to countries, and cannot be held or used by private parties. The number of SDRs in existence was around XDR 21.4 billion in August 2009. During the global financial crisis of 2009, an additional XDR 182.6 billion was allocated to "provide liquidity to the global economic system and supplement member countries' official reserves". By October 2014, the number of SDRs in existence was XDR 204 bil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
